Trade Receivables, Contract Balances

For Trade Receivables, Refer note no. 13.

Further, the Company has no contracts where the period between the transfer of the promised goods or services to the customer and payment terms by the customer exceeds one year. In light of above;

- it does not adjust any of the transaction prices for the time value of money, and

- there is no unbilled revenue as at March 31, 2023.

Further, the company doesn't have any contract liabilities as at March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022 Unsatisfied performance obligations:

Information about the Company’s performance obligations are summarised below:

Sale of products: Performance obligation in respect of sale of goods is satisfied when control of the goods is transferred to the customer, generally on delivery of the goods and payment is generally due as per the terms of contract with customers.

Sales of services: The performance obligation in respect of maintenance services is satisfied over a period of time and acceptance of the customer. In respect of these services, payment is generally due upon completion of service based on time elapsed and acceptance of the customer.

The Code on Social Security, 2020 (‘Code’) relating to employee benefits during employment and postemployment benefits received Presidential assent in September 2020. The Code has been published in the Gazette of India. However, the date on which the Code will come into effect has not been notified and the final rules/interpretation have not yet been issued. The Group will assess the impact of the Code when it comes into effect and will record any related impact in the period the Code becomes effective. Based on a preliminary assessment, the Group believes the impact of the change will not be significant.

Note 37 : Gratuity and other post-employment benefit plans

a) Defined contribution plans

The Company makes contribution towards Employees Provident Fund, Employee's State Insurance scheme and Employee Welfare Fund. Under the rules of these schemes, the Company is required to contribute a specified percentage of payroll costs. The contributions are made to registered funds administered by the Government. The obligation of the Company is limited to the amount contributed and it has no further contractual nor any constructive obligation. The Company during the year recognised the following amount in the Standalone Statement of profit and loss account under Company's contribution to defined contribution plan:

b) Defined benefit plans

In accordance with Ind AS 19 "Employee benefits", an actuarial valuation on the basis of "Projected Unit Credit Method" was carried out, through which the Company is able to determine the present value of obligations. "Projected Unit Credit Method” recognizes each period of service as giving rise to additional unit of employees benefit entitlement and measures each unit separately to built up the final obligation.

i) Gratuity scheme

The gratuity plan is governed by the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972. Under the act, employee who has completed five years of service is entitled to specific benefit. The level of benefits provided depends on the member’s length of service and salary at retirement age. The employee's gratuity fund scheme managed by Life Insurance Corporation is a defined benefit funded plan. The present value of obligation is determined based on actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method, which recognizes each period of services as giving rise to additional unit of employees benefit entitlement and measures each unit separately to built up the final obligation.

ii) Compensated absences

The Company operates compensated absences plan wherein every employee is entitled to the benefit equivalent to 26 days leave salary for every completed year of service subject to maximum 45 accumulations of leaves. The salary for calculation of earned leave is last drawn salary. The same is payable during the service, early retirement, withdrawal of scheme, resignation by employee and upon death of employee. Short term compensated absences are recognised in the standalone statement of profit and loss on the basis of actual liability and long term compensated absences are recognised on the basis of actuary valuation which is an unfunded defined benefit plan.

These plans typically expose the Company to actuarial risks such as: Investment risk, interest rate risk, longevity risk and salary risk.

Investment Risk

The probability or likelihood of occurrence of losses relative to the expected return on any particular investment.

Interest Risk

The plan expose the Company to the risk of fall in interest rates. A fall in interest rates will result in an increase in the ultimate cost of providing the above benefit and will thus result in an increase in the value of the liability.

Longevity Risk

The present value of defined benefit plan liability is calculated by reference to the best estimate of the mortality of plan participants both during and after employment. An increase in the life expectancy of the plan participants will increase the plan's liability.

Salary Risk

The present value of defined benefit plan is calculated with the assumption of salary increase rate of plan participants in future. Deviation in the rate of increase of salary in future for plan participants from the rate of increase in salary used to determine the present value of obligation will have a bearing on the plan's liability.

Note 40: Contingent Liabilities and Commitments

(a) Contingent Liabilities (to the extent not provided for)

I The Company has reviewed all its pending claims, litigations and other proceedings and has adequately provided for wherever required. However, wherever it is difficult for the Company to estimate the timings of cash outflows, if any, in respect of the below as it is determinable only on receipt of judgement/decisions pending with various forums/authorities, the Company has disclosed the same as Contingent Liabilities (pending resolution of the respective proceedings).

The Company does not expect the outcome of these proceedings to have a material or adverse effect on financial position of the Company. Also, the Company does not expect any reimbursements in respect of the below contingent liabilities.

Note 42 : Segment Information

1. In line with the provision of Ind AS 108- Operating Segments and on the basis of review of operations being done by the board of directors of the Company (which has been identified as the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) who evaluates the Company's performance, allocates resources based on the analysis of the various performance indicator of the Company as a single unit), the operations of the Company falls under manufacturing & trading of auto component parts, which is considered to be the only reportable segment.

2. Major Customer: Revenue from 3 customers (March 31, 2022, 3 customers) of the Company's manufacturing & trading business are ' 225,337 lakh (March 31, 2022 ' 176,418 lakh) which is more than 10% of the Company's total revenue. No other single customer contributed 10% or more to the Company's revenue for both March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022.

Note 43 : Fair value measurements

I Financial instruments

a) Financial instruments by category

Except Investment in tax free bond and investment in mutual funds which are measured at fair value through profit or loss, all other financial assets and liabilities viz. trade receivables, security deposits, cash and cash equivalents, other bank balances, interest receivable, other receivables, trade payables, employee related liabilities and advances, are measured at amortised cost.

b) Fair value hierarchy

This section explains the judgments and estimates made in determining the fair values of the financial instruments that are (a) recognised and measured at fair value and (b) measured at amortised cost and for which fair values are disclosed in the standalone financial statements. To provide an indication about the reliability of the inputs used in determining fair value, the Company has classified its financial instruments into the three levels prescribed under the accounting standard. An explanation of each level follows underneath the table.

The following table shows the carrying amounts and fair values of financial assets and financials liabilities, including their levels of in the fair value hierarchy:

c) The Company has an established control framework with respect to the measurement of fair values. The finance and accounts team that has overall responsibility for overseeing all significant fair value measurements and reports directly to the board of directors. The team regularly reviews significant unobservable inputs and valuation adjustments. If third party information, such as broker quotes or pricing services, is used to measure fair values, then the team assesses the evidence obtained from the third parties to support the conclusion that these valuations meet the requirements of Ind AS, including the level in the fair value hierarchy in which the valuations should be classified. Significant valuation issues are reported to the Company’s board of directors.

d) Fair values are categorised into different levels in a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used in the valuation techniques as follows.

Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices)

Level 3: inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).

There have been no transfers in either direction for the year ended 31 March 2023 and 31 March 2022.

e) Fair value of financial assets and liabilities measured at amortised cost

The carrying amounts of short-term trade and other receivables, trade payables, cash and cash equivalents and other bank balances are considered to be the same as their fair values, due to their short-term nature.

For other financial liabilities/ assets that are measured at fair value, the carrying amounts are equal to the fair values.

*Discount rate used in determining fair value

The interest rate used to discount estimated future cash flows, where applicable, are based on the incremental borrowing rate of borrower which in case of financial liabilities is average market cost of borrowings of the company and in case of financial asset is the average market rate of similar credit rated instrument. The company maintains policies and procedures to value financial assets or financial liabilities using the best and most relevant data available.

Note 44 : Capital Management

Equity share capital and other equity are considered for the purpose of Company's capital management.

The Company manages its capital so as to safeguard its ability to continue as a going concern and to optimise returns to shareholders and benefits for other stakeholders. The capital structure of the Company is based on management's judgement of its strategic and day-to-day needs with a focus on total equity so as to maintain investor, creditors and market confidence.

The management and the Board of Directors monitor the return on capital as well as the level of dividends to shareholders. The Company may take appropriate steps in order to maintain, or if necessary adjust, its capital structure. During the year, Company had paid ' 8.15 (March 31, 2021: ' 2.63) per equity share as final dividend for the year ended March 31, 2022. In addition to the above dividend, subsequant to year end the Directors have recommended the payment of a final dividend of ' 17.27 (March 31, 2022: ' 8.15) per equity share. The propose dividend is subject to the approval of share holders in the ensuing annual gerneral meeting.

The Company's policy is to maintain a strong capital base so as to maintain confidence of investors, bankers, customers and vendors and to sustain future development of the business. The management monitors the return on capital and also monitors capital using a a gearing ratio, which is net debt divided by total capital plus net debt. Net debt comprises of total lease laibility less cash and cash equivalents.Equity includes equity share capital and reserves that are managed as capital. The gearing ratio at the end of reporting periods were

Note 45 : Financial Risk Management objectives and policies

The company’s principal financial liabilities other than derivatives comprise trade and other payables, employees related payables, interest accrued, unpaid dividend, security deposit, capital creditors and others. The main purpose of these financial liabilities is to finance the company’s operations and to provide guarantees to support its operations.

The company’s principal financial assets includes Investment in mutual funds, security deposits, trade receivables, cash and cash equivalents, deposits with banks, interest accrued in deposits, receivables from related and other parties and interest accrued thereon.

The company has exposure to the following risks arising from financial instruments:

- Market risk

- Credit risk

- Liquidity risk

The company's senior level management assess these risks and is supported by Treasury department that advises on the appropriate financial risk governance framework.

A. Credit Risk

Credit risk is the risk that counterparty will default on its contractual obligations resulting in finance loss to the company. Credit risk arise from Cash and cash equivalents, deposit with banks, trade receivables and other financial assets measure at amortised cost. The company continuously monitors defaults of customers and other counterparties and incorporate this information into its credit risk control.

(i) Trade Receivables

The company's exposure to credit risk is influenced mainly by the individual characteristics of each customer. The credit risk is managed by the company based on credit approvals, establishing credit limits and continuosly monitoring the credit worthiness of the customers, to whom the company grants credit period in the normal course of business inlcuding taking credit insurance against export receivables. The company uses expected credit loss model to assess the impairement loss in trade receivables and makes an allowance of doubtful trade receivables using this model.

(ii) Other Financial Assets: The company maintains exposure in cash & cash equivalents, term deposits with banks, investments, advances and security deposits etc. Credit risk from balances with banks and investment in mutual funds is managed by the Company’s treasury department in accordance with the company’s policy. Investments of surplus funds are made only with approved counterparties and within credit limits assigned to each counterparty. Counterparty credit limits are reviewed by the Company’s Board of Directors on an annual basis, and may be updated throughout the year subject to approval of the company’s finance committee. The company's maximum exposure to the credit risk as at March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022 is the carrying value of each class of financial assets.

B. Liquidity risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company may not be able to meet its present and future cash and collateral obligations without incurring unacceptable losses.

The Company’s objective is to, maintain optimum levels of liquidity to meet its cash and collateral requirements. The Company closely monitors its liquidity position and deploys a robust cash management system.

C. Market risk

Market risk is the risk that changes in market prices, such as foreign exchange rates and interest rates will affect the company's income. The value of a financial instrument may change as a result of changes in the interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, equity prices and other market changes that affect market risk sensitive instruments. The objective of market risk management is to manage and control market risk exposures withing acceptables parameters, while optimising the return. The Board of Directors is responsible for setting up the policies and procedures to manage risks of the company.

i) Foreign Currency risk

The Company is exposed to foreign currency risk on certain transactions that are denominated in a currency other than entity's funactional currency, hence exposure to exchange rate fluctuations arises. The risk is that the functional currency value of cash flows will vary as a result of movements in exchange rates. The following tables demonstrate the sensitivity (strengthening or weakening of Indian Rupee) to a reasonably possible change in exchange rates, with all other variables held constant.

Note 48:

Pursuant to transfer pricing legislations under the Income-tax Act, 1961, the Company is required to use specified methods for computing arm’s length price in relation to specified international transactions with its associated enterprises. Further, the Company is required to maintain prescribed information and documents in relation to such transactions. The appropriate method to be adopted will depend on the nature of transactions/ class of transactions, class of associated persons, functions performed and other factors, which have been prescribed.The Company is in the process of updating its transfer pricing documentation for the current financial year. Based on the preliminary assessment, the management is of the view that the update would not have a material impact on the tax expense recorded in these standalone financial statements.

Accordingly, these standalone financial statements do not include any adjustments for the transfer pricing implications, if any.

Note 49:

No funds have been advanced or loaned or invested (either from borrowed funds or share premium or any other sources or kind of funds) by the Company to or in any other person or entity, including foreign entity (“Intermediaries”) with the understanding, whether recorded in writing or otherwise, that the Intermediary shall lend or invest in party identified by or on behalf of the Company (Ultimate Beneficiaries).

The Company has not received any fund from any party (Funding Party) with the understanding that the Company shall whether, directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entity identified by or on behalf of the Company (“Ultimate Beneficiaries”) or provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.

Note 50: Disclosure of transactions with struck off companies

The company did not have any material transactions with companies struck off under Section 248 of the Companies Act, 2013 or section 560 of Companies Act, 1956 during the financial years.

Note 51:

A) No transactions to report against the following disclosure requirements as notified by MCA pursuant to amended Schedule III:

(a) Crypto Currency or Virtual Currency

(b) Benami Property held under Prohibition of Benami Property Transactions Act, 1988 and rules made thereunder

(c) Registration of charges or satisfaction with Registrar of Companies except charges mentioned in note 21(ii) of the standalone financial statements.

(d) Relating to borrowed funds:

i) Wilful defaulter

ii) Utilisation of borrowed funds & share premium

iii) Borrowings obtained on the basis of security of current assets

iv) Discrepancy in utilisation of borrowings