Nature and purpose of other reserves

(i) General reserve

This reserve is used to record the transfers made from the retained earnings and was made on account of the requirements of the Companies Act, 1956 for payment of dividends.

(ii) Debenture redemption reserve

The Company has created debenture redemption reserve out of the profits which is available for payment of dividend, for the purpose of redemption of debentures.

(iii) Securities premium

Securities premium reserve is used to record the premium on issue of shares. The reserve is utilised in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013.

The borrowings are secured as follows;

a) 10% Non-convertible debentures are secured under hypothecation by way of first pari-passu charge on movable fixed assets of the Company and Corporate guarantee issued by Chettinad Cement Corporation Private Limited (The Holding Company).

The carrying amount of financial and non-financial assets pledged as security for current and non-current borrowings are disclosed in Note 40.

(i) Compensated absences

The compensated absences obligations cover the Company’s liability for the earned leave. The provision is presented as current and non-current based on the actuarial report obtained by the Company. However, based on past experience the Company does not expect all employees to take the full amount of accrued leave or require payment within the next 12 months.

(ii) Post-employment obligations - Gratuity

The Company provides for gratuity for employees in India as per the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972. Employees who are in continuous service for a period of 5 years are eligible for gratuity. The amount of gratuity payable on retirement/termination is the employees last drawn basic salary per month computed proportionately for 15 days salary multiplied for the number of years of service. The gratuity plan is a funded plan and the Company makes contributions to the recognised funds in India.

(iii) Defined contribution plans

The Company also has certain defined contribution plans. Contributions are made to the provident fund in India for employees at the rate of 12% of basic salary as per regulations. The contributions are made to the registered provident fund administered by the government. The obligation of the Company is limited to the amount contributed and it has no further contractual nor any constructive obligations. The expense recognised during the period towards defined contribution plan is INR 86.96 Lakhs (March 31, 2017 - INR 73.81 Lakhs).

Assumptions regarding future mortality for pension and medical benefits are set based on actuarial advice in accordance with published statistics and experience. These assumptions translate into an average life expectancy in years for an employee retiring at age 58.

(v) Sensitivity analysis

The sensitivity of the defined benefit obligation to changes in the weighted principal assumptions is:

The above sensitivity analyses are based on a change in an assumption while holding all other assumptions constant. In practice, this is unlikely to occur, and changes in some of the assumptions may be correlated. When calculating the sensitivity of the defined benefit obligation to significant actuarial assumptions the same method (present value of the defined benefit obligation calculated with the projected unit credit method at the end of the reporting period) has been applied as when calculating the defined benefit liability recognised in the balance sheet.

(vi) The major categories of plans assets are as follows:

The Company has plan assets by way of investments funds in Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) under the group gratuity scheme. The fair value of the plan assets

(vii) Risk exposure

Through its defined benefit plans, The company is exposed to a number of risks, the most significant of which are detailed below:

Investment risks:

The present value of the defined benefit plan obligation is calculated using a discount rate determined by reference to Government of India bond rate. If the return on plan asset is lower than this rate, then it will create a plan deficit.

Interest risks:

A decrease in bond rate will increase the plan liability although this will be partially offset by an increase in the value of the plans bond holdings.

Longevity risks (Life expectancy):

The present value of the defined benefit plan liability is calculated by reference to the best estimate of the mortality of plan participants both during and at the end of the employment. An increase in the life expectancy of the plan participants will increase the plan liability.

Salary risks

The present value of the defined benefit plan liability is calculated by reference to the future salaries of plan participants. An increase in the salary of the plan participants will increase the plan liability.

The borrowings are secured as follows;

a) Bank Overdraft is secured under hypothecation by way of first pari-passu charge on current assets of the Company .

b) The carrying amount of financial and non-financial assets pledged as security for current and non-current borrowings are disclosed in Note 40.

Effective from 1st July 2017, sales are recorded net of GST whereas earlier sales were recorded gross of excise duty which formed part of expenses. Hence, revenue from operations for the year ended 31st March 2018 is not comparable with previous year figures.

(i) Fair value hierarchy

This section explains the judgements and estimates made in determining the fair values of the financial instruments that are (a) recognised and measured at fair value and (b) measured at amortised cost and for which fair values are disclosed in the financial statements. To provide an indication about the reliability of the inputs used in determining fair value, the group has classified its financial instruments into the three levels prescribed under the accounting standard. An explanation of each level follows underneath the table.

Level 1: Level 1 hierarchy includes financial instruments measured using quoted prices. This includes listed equity instruments, traded bonds and mutual funds that have quoted price. The fair value of all equity instruments (including bonds) which are traded in the stock exchanges is valued using the closing price as at the reporting period. The mutual funds are valued using the closing NAV.

Level 2: The fair value of financial instruments that are not traded in an active market (for example, traded bonds, over-the-counter derivatives) is determined using valuation techniques which maximise the use of observable market data and rely as little as possible on entity-specific estimates. If all significant inputs required to fair value an instrument are observable, the instrument is included in level 2.

Level 3: If one or more of the significant inputs is not based on observable market data, the instrument is included in level 3. This is the case for unlisted equity securities, contingent consideration and indemnification asset included in level 3.

There are no transfers between levels 1 and 2 during the year. The company’s policy is to recognise transfers into and transfers out of fair value hierarchy levels as at the end of the reporting period.

The carrying amounts of trade receivables, trade payables, cash and cash equivalents and other current financial liabilities are considered to be the same as their fair values, due to their short-term nature.

The fair values for security deposits were calculated based on cash flows discounted using a current lending rate. They are classified as level 3 fair values in the fair value hierarchy due to the inclusion of unobservable inputs including counterparty credit risk.

The fair values of non-current borrowings are based on discounted cash flows using a current borrowing rate. They are classified as level 2 fair values in the fair value hierarchy since significant inputs required to fair value an instrument are observable. Since there are no changes in the borrowing rate contracted with the bank, thus the fair value is equal to the amortised cost.

For financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value, the carrying amounts are equal to the fair values.

(iii) Reconciliation of loss allowance provision- Loans and deposits

There are no loss allowance provision created for the loans and deposits.

(B) Liquidity risk

Prudent liquidity risk management implies maintaining sufficient cash and marketable securities and the availability of funding through an adequate amount of committed credit facilities to meet obligations when due and to close out market positions. The funding sources of the Company include short-term working capital loans from banks and related parties. Long term borrowings are primarily in the form of non-convertible debentures and term loans from banks.

(i) Financing arrangements

The company had access to the following undrawn borrowing facilities at the end of the reporting period:

The bank overdraft facilities may be drawn at any time and may be terminated by the bank without notice. Subject to the continuance of satisfactory credit ratings, the bank loan facilities may be drawn at any time in INR and have an average maturity of ‘5 ‘ years.

(ii) Maturities of financial liabilities

The tables below analyse the company’s financial liabilities into relevant maturity groupings based on their contractual maturities for non-derivative liabilities.

The amounts disclosed in the table are the contractual undiscounted cash flows. Balances due within 12 months equal their carrying balances as the impact of discounting is not significant.

Contractual maturities of financial liabilities:

(C) Market risk

(i) Foreign currency risk

The Company is exposed to foreign exchange risk arising from foreign currency transactions with respect to US $ and EUR on account of purchase of capital goods. Foreign exchange risk arises from recognised liabilities denominated in a currency that is not the Company’s functional currency (INR). Since there are only insignificant foreign currency transactions, there are no high risks foreseen by the Company on account of foreign currency fluctuations.

The Company has not taken forward contracts, options, futures or any other derivative instruments to manage the foreign currency risk. The strategy followed by the Company is tracking the foreign currency exchange rates and settlement of the payables at the time when the exchange rates are favorable.

Note - 1 : Financial risk management

All amounts in INR Lakhs unless otherwise stated

The company’s activities expose it to credit risk, liquidity risk and market risk.

This note explains the sources of risk which the entity is exposed to and how the entity manages the risk.

The company’s risk management is carried out by the treasury team under policies approved by the board of directors. The treasury identifies, evaluates and hedges financial risks in close co-operation with the company’s operating units. The board provides written principles for overall risk management, as well as policies covering specific areas, such as foreign exchange risk, interest rate risk, credit risk, use of derivative financial instruments and non-derivative financial instruments, and investment of excess liquidity.

(A) Credit risk

Credit risk arises from cash and cash equivalents, deposits with banks and credit exposures to customers including outstanding receivables with dealers and advances given to vendors.

(i) Credit risk management

Credit risk is managed on a wholistic basis. For banks and financial institutions, only high rated banks/institutions are accepted.

For other financial assets, the Company assesses and manages credit risk based on external credit rating system. The finance department under the guidance of the board, assess the credit rating system. Credit rating is performed for each class of financial instruments with different characteristics. The company assigns the following credit ratings to each class of financial assets based on the assumptions, inputs and factors specific to the class of financial assets.

VL 1 : High-quality assets, negligible credit risk

VL 2 : Quality assets, low credit risk

VL 3 : Standard assets, moderate credit risk

VL 4 : Substandard assets, relatively high credit risk

VL 5 : Low quality assets, very high credit risk

VL 6 : Doubtful assets, credit-impaired

The company considers the probability of default upon initial recognition of asset and whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk on an ongoing basis throughout each reporting period. To assess whether there is a significant increase in credit risk The company compares the risk of a default occurring on the asset as at the reporting date with the risk of default as at the date of initial recognition. It considers available reasonable and supportive forwarding-looking information. Especially the following indicators are included -

- Internal credit rating assessment

- External credit rating (as far as available)

- Actual or expected significant adverse changes in business, financial or economic conditions that are expected to cause a significant change to the borrower’s ability to meet its obligations

- Macroeconomic information (such as regulatory changes, market interest rate or growth rates) is incorporated as part of the internal rating model.

In general, it is presumed that credit risk has significantly increased since initial recognition if the payments are more than 30 days past due.

A default on a financial asset is when the counterparty fails to make contractual payments within 60 days of when they fall due. This definition of default is determined by considering the business environment in which entity operates and other macro-economic factors.

(ii) Provision for expected credit losses

The company provides for expected credit loss based on the following:

(ii) Interest rate risk

The Company’s main interest rate risk arises from borrowings with variable rates, which expose the Company to cash flow interest rate risk.

The Company’s fixed rate borrowings are carried at amortised cost. They are therefore not subject to interest rate risk as defined in Ind AS 107, since neither the carrying amount nor the future cash flows will fluctuate because of a change in market interest rates.

The Company has not taken any interest rate swaps to convert the floating rate borrowings to fixed rate loans. The Company monitors the movement in the interest rates and uses the prepayment option to repay the borrowings at the time when the interest rates are unfavorable. The assessment of viability of using the pre-payment option shall be evaluated by the finance team.

Note - 2 : Capital management

(a) Risk management

For the purpose of capital management, capital includes issued equity capital attributable to the parent Company. The company’s objectives when managing capital are to;

- Safeguard their ability to continue as a going concern, so that they can continue to provide returns for shareholders and benefits for other stakeholders, and

- Maintain an optimal capital structure to reduce the cost of capital.

In order to maintain or adjust the capital structure, The company may adjust the amount of dividends paid to shareholders, return capital to shareholders, issue new shares or sell assets to reduce debt.

Consistent with others in the industry, The company monitors capital on the basis of the following gearing ratio:

Net debt (total borrowings net of cash and cash equivalents) divided by Total ‘equity’ (as shown in the balance sheet).

(i) Loan covenants

In order to achieve this overall objective, the company’s capital management, amongst other things, aims to ensure that it meets financial covenants attached to the borrowings that define capital structure requirements. Breaches in meeting the financial covenants would permit the bank to immediately call loans and borrowings. There have been no breaches in the financial covenants of any interest-bearing loans and borrowing in the current period. No changes were made in the objectives, policies or processes for managing capital during the years ended March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2017.

Note - 3 : Segment information

(a) Description of segments and principal activities

The Company has following business segments, which are its reportable segments during the year. These segments offer different products and services, and/or managed separately because they require different technology and production processes. Operating segment disclosures are constant with the information provided to and reviewed by the chief operating decision maker.

(b) Major Customers in Cement Segment

25% of Revenue is coming from 24 customers in cement segment.

Note - 4 : Related party transactions

The related party relationships is as identified by the company and relied upon by the auditor, (a) Parent entities

The Company is controlled by following entity:

(c) Associate Company

The Company does not have any Associate Company in the current financial year.

(d) Key management personnel of the reporting entity and Parent of the reporting entity

Mr. M A M R Muthiah, Managing Director of parent company Mr. A.Subramanian, Managing Director of reporting entity

(e) Key management personnel compensation

Mr A.Subramanian, Managing Director

(f) Related Parties

Entities controlled or jointly controlled by a person identified ( d ) above :

Chettinad Morimura Semiconductor Material Pvt Limited Chettinad Inland Water Transport Services Pvt Ltd Chennai Computer & Software Services Pvt Ltd Chettinad Realtors Pvt Ltd Chettinad Software Services Pvt Ltd Chettinad Lignite Transport Services pvt Ltd

(g) Transactions with related parties

The following transactions occurred with related parties:

(h) Outstanding balances arising from sales/purchases of goods and services

There are no balances are outstanding at the end of the reporting period in relation to transactions with related parties.

Note - 5 : Contingent liabilities and contingent assets

(a) Contingent liabilities

*Does not include penalty amount of Rs. 180.32 Lakhs

**Does not include penalty amount of Rs. 103.70 Lakhs

(b) Contingent assets

The Company does not have any contingent assets as at March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2017

Note - 6 : Commitments

(a) Capital commitments (net of capital advances)

Capital expenditure contracted for at the end of the reporting period but not recognised as liabilities is as follows:

Note - 7 : Other Disclosure

(a) Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

Section 135(5) of the Companies Act 2013 stipulates that the company needs to spend two per cent of the average net profits made during the three immediately preceding financial years in pursuance of its Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Policy.

The Company has spent Rs. 76.80 lakhs during financial year 2017-18 towards CSR activities (Rs. 24.49 Lakhs in F.Y 2016-17).

(b) The Company has recorded all known liabilities in the financial statements. The Company has not received any intimations from suppliers regarding their status under the micro, small and medium enterprises development act, 2006 and hence disclosures, if any relating to amounts unpaid as at the year end together with interest paid or payable as required under the said Act have not been given.

(c) Previous period figures have been regrouped/rearranged wherever necessary to confirm the current period classification.

Note - 8 : Events occurring after the reporting period

No events were noted after the reporting period which require an adjustment nor disclosure as provided under Ind AS 10.