Note 2 : Critical estimates and judgements

The preparation of Standalone Financial Statements requires the use of accounting estimates which, by definition, will seldom equal the actual results. Management also needs to exercise judgement in applying the Company's accounting policies. This note provides an overview of the areas that involved a higher degree of judgement or complexity, and of items which are more likely to be materially adjusted due to estimates and assumptions turning out to be different than those originally assessed.

a Recognition and measurement of defined benefit obligations

The obligation arising from defined benefit plan is determined on the basis of actuarial assumptions. Key actuarial assumptions include discount rate, trends in salary escalation and vested future benefits and life expectancy. The discount rate is determined by reference to market yields at the end of the reporting period on government bonds.

The period to maturity of the underlying bonds correspond to the probable maturity of the post-employment benefit obligations.

b Estimation of useful life

Useful lives of tangible assets and intangible assets are based on the estimate by the management. The useful lives as estimated are same as prescribed in Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013. In cases, where the useful lives are different from that prescribed in Schedule II, they are based on management estimate, taking into account the nature of the asset, the estimated usage of the asset, the operating conditions of the asset, past history of replacement, anticipated technological changes, manufacturers' warranties and maintenance support. Assumptions also need to be made, when the Company assesses, whether an asset

may be capitalized and which components of the cost of the asset may be capitalised.

The useful lives and residual values of Company's assets are determined by management at the time the asset is acquired and reviewed annually for appropriateness. The lives are based on historical experience with similar assets as well as anticipation of future events which may impact their life such as changes in technology.

c Provisions and contingent liabilities

The Company exercises judgement in measuring and recognising provisions and the exposures to contingent liabilities related to pending litigation or other outstanding claims subject to negotiated settlement, mediation, arbitration or government regulation, as well as other contingent liabilities. Judgement is necessary in assessing the likelihood that a pending claim will succeed, or a liability will arise, and to quantify the possible range of the financial settlement. Because of the inherent uncertainty in this evaluation process, actual losses may be different from the originally estimated provision.

d Impairment of assets

The Company reviews the carrying amounts of its property, plant and equipment, Capital work in progress and intangible assets, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.

If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). Further details on the Company's accounting policies on this are set out in the accounting policy above. Determining whether an asset is impaired requires an estimation of the recoverable amount, which requires company to estimate the Fair value less cost of disposal.

(ii) Estimation of fair value

The Company has two properties (March 31, 2022: two properties) that have been considered as Investment Properties. These comprise of two vacant land sites (March 31, 2022: two vacant land sites) that are not in operational use at present.

In the view of the management, the fair market value of the land sites is not reliably measurable as there are very few recent transactions of comparable composition of these properties in the market. Further, the fair market value will be subject to numerous municipal deductions dependent upon the current use and intended use of the property. Based on the above, it is not possible to ascertain and disclose the range of fair market value. The estimated Ready Reckoner value at year end, based on latest published data and on current stated use, totals '225,95.73 lakhs (March 31, 2022: '225,95.73 lakhs). Ready Reckoner rates are the prices of residential property, land or commercial property for a given area that is published and regulated by the respective State Governments as a guide towards payment of stamp duty at the time of transaction. The Ready Reckoner Value is regarded as a gross value and does not represent the underlying fair market value of the properties. The company will further detail the fair value of its investment properties upon entering a committed agreement with a third party, unless an alternative reliable estimate of the fair value is attainable.

Note 40 : Employee benefit obligations

The company obtained actuarial reports as required by IND AS 19 (Employee Benefits) based on which disclosures have been made in the financial statement for the year ended March 31, 2023. The disclosures as required by the IND AS 19 are as below.

(i) Defined Contribution Plan

The Company's defined contribution plans are superannuation and employees' pension scheme (under the provisions of the Employees' Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952). The obligation of the Company is limited to the amount contributed and it has no further contractual or constructive obligation.

(ii) Defined Benefit Plan

Gratuity

The Company makes annual contributions to an income tax approved irrevocable trust gratuity fund to finance the plan liability, a funded defined benefit plan for qualifying employees. The scheme provides for payment as under:

i) On normal retirement / early retirement / withdrawal / resignation: As per the provisions of the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972 with vesting period of 5 years of service.

ii) On death in service: As per the provisions of the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972 without any vesting period.

Post - Retirement medical benefit

The Company earmarks liability towards unfunded Post - Retirement medical benefit and provides for payment to vested employees. The benefits under the plan are in form of a medical benefit paid to employees post their employment with the Company.

Provident Fund

The liability of the Company on the exempt Provident Fund managed by the trustees is restricted to the interest shortfall if any.

Leave Encashment and compensated absences

The scheme is a non-contributory defined benefit arrangement providing benefits expressed in terms of a multiple of final monthly salary. The liability for leave encashment and compensated absences as at year end is ' 35,94.55 lakhs. (March 31, 2022: ' 4091.13 lakhs).

Based on the actuarial valuations obtained, the following table sets out the status of the gratuity plan, post retirement medical benefits and provident fund and the amounts recognised in the Company's Standalone Financial Statements as at balance sheet date:

Notes:

(a) Estimated amount of contracts (net of advances) remaining to be executed on capital account and not provided mainly comprises the miscellaneous capitalisations at site.

(b) Future cash outflow is dependent on the call to be made by Hill Properties Limited.

Note 42 : Pricing Matters

The demand of '71,79.00 lakhs made by the Central Government on the Company in respect of Betamethasone bulk drugs and formulations made therefrom during the period May 1981 to August 1987 has been under litigation for a period spanning over 30 years. Pursuant to the special leave petition of the Central Government in the Supreme Court of India against the Delhi High Court's Judgment and Order dated October 19, 2001 which was held in favour of the Company, the Supreme Court has, vide its Judgement and Order dated March 31, 2011, upheld the demand. The Company had accrued a liability of '18,68.00 lakhs in earlier years and a further provision of '53,11.00 lakhs was accrued in 2011.

Based on legal advice, the Company has filed an application in the Supreme Court seeking, inter alia, clarifications on some aspects of the Judgement and directions for recomputation of the demand. Simultaneously, the Company without prejudice to and subject to the outcome of the application filed in the Supreme Court, has tendered as a further deposit, an amount of '63,60.00 lakhs, which together with the amount of '8,19.00 lakhs previously deposited with the Government, aggregates the demand of '71,79.00 lakhs made by the Government in November 1990. The Company filed a review petition in the Supreme Court which was rejected in March 2012.

In October 1996, the Government had claimed interest of '117,66.00 lakhs for the period May 12, 1981 to October 17 1996, for which no provision was made in earlier years. The Government had vide letter dated May 4, 2011 called upon the Company to discharge the entire liability, including upto date interest calculated at 15% p.a., and had vide letter dated October 10, 2011, raised a demand on the Company for the interest amount amounting to '247,44.00 lakhs. Without prejudice to the position that interest is not payable, the Company had recognized a provision of '24744.00 lakhs in respect of the Governments claim for interest in 2011. The Company had filed a writ petition at Delhi High Court against the above demand which had been admitted. The Company also filed stay applications which were dismissed and the Company had filed a Special Leave Petition (SLP) before the Supreme Court for stay of the interest demand until final determination of the writ petition filed in the Delhi High Court. The Supreme Court on hearing the above SLP, passed an order on April 3, 2012. The said order stayed the Demand Notice dated October 10, 2011 during the pendency of the writ petition at the Delhi High Court subject to the Company depositing '136,82.00 lakhs in three equal installments within

six month's time from the date of order. All three instalments have been deposited with the Government. The Supreme Court, vide its order dated October 5, 2012, directed the Delhi High Court to dispose of the writ petition as expeditiously as possible. The Company's counsel has been routinely appearing in the matter and urging the Delhi High Court to hear the matter expeditiously considering it is at final hearing stage and has been pending for a long time. The counsel has also cited the significant sums involved; however, the Court is not inclined to take this matter out of turn. Next date of the matter is July 21, 2023.

Note 43 : Matters in respect of erstwhile Burroughs Wellcome (India) Limited (BWIL):

(i) The Government of India, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilisers, New Delhi, passed a final order on July 21, 1993, directing erstwhile BWIL to pay an amount of ' 1,91.15 lakhs along with interest due thereon from the date of default into the Drugs Prices Equalisation Account (DPEA) in respect of a bulk drug procured by erstwhile BWIL during the period April 1981 to April 1983.

Erstwhile BWIL filed a writ petition in August 1993 which was admitted by the Bombay High Court. After hearing both the parties, the High Court granted an interim injunction restraining the Government of India from taking any action in furtherance of and/or implementation of the order dated July 21, 1993 or from in any manner seeking to compel erstwhile BWIL to deposit any amount into the DPEA, pending the hearing and final disposal of the petition on the condition that erstwhile BWIL furnishes a bank guarantee for ' 2,00.00 lakhs from a nationalised bank and undertakes to pay the amount demanded with interest at the rate of 20% per annum in case the petition fails.

Erstwhile BWIL had accordingly furnished the required bank guarantee. If calculated on the basis of correct data, taking into account set offs claimable for earlier years for which data has been provided by erstwhile BWIL, no amount will be payable by the Company and accordingly no provision in that respect is considered necessary. The Company's stand that the demand is not sustainable has been confirmed by an eminent counsel. The Government of India's application in the Supreme Court praying that the writ petition be transferred to the Supreme Court from the Bombay High Court was not allowed and the Company's writ petition is pending hearing by the Bombay High Court.

(ii) Erstwhile BWIL had made an application to the Government of India for approval under Section 198(4) of the Companies Act,

1956, in respect of payment to the Managing Director and three whole time Directors amounting to ' 1093 lakhs for the year ended August 31, 1986, which was in accordance with the minimum remuneration provided in the agreements entered into with them prior to erstwhile BWIL becoming public, which required such Government of India's sanction. The approval is still awaited.

Note 44 : Matters in respect of erstwhile SmithKline Beecham (India) Limited:

(i) '1,44.44 lakhs received from Beckman Instruments International S.A. on account of disputed alleged additional commission has been included under non-current provisions and Income tax paid thereon aggregating '64.77 lakhs has been included under other non-current assets. The Company is contesting the matter with the concerned authorities.

(ii) Refund of surtax '96.81 lakhs, and interest thereon amounting to '48.52 lakhs, received during 1994, have not been adjusted against the provision for tax in the books of accounts and recognised as income respectively, since the Income tax department had filed a reference application against the income tax tribunal's order which was pending before the High Court of Karnataka. The Company has received an order dated April 18, 2007 from the High Court of Karnataka which is partially in the Company's favour. On the basis of the aforesaid order, Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (ITAT), Bangalore will pass an order giving directions. On receipt of the ITAT order, the Company will take appropriate steps in the matter.

B. Fair Value Hierarchy

This section explains the judgements and estimates made in determining the fair values of the financial instruments that are (a) recognised and measured at fair value and (b) measured at amortised cost and for which fair values are disclosed in the Standalone Financial Statements.

(a) Financial instruments that are recognised and measured at fair value

To provide an indication about the reliability of the inputs used in determining fair value, the Company has classified its financial instruments into the three levels prescribed under the accounting standard.

Level 1 : It includes financial instruments measured using quoted prices

Level 2 : The fair value of financial instruments that are not traded in an active market is determined using valuation techniques which maximise the use of observable market data and rely as little as possible on entity-specific estimates. If all significant inputs required to fair value an instrument are observable, the instrument is included in level 2.

Level 3 : Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable.

The impact of fair valuation of the above Financial assets and liabilities is considered to be insignificant and hence carrying value and the fair value is considered to be same.

The carrying amounts of Trade receivables, Cash and cash equivalents, Bank balances other than Cash and cash equivalents, Interest accrued on deposits with bank, Receivable from group companies, Advances recoverable, Payable to employees, Unclaimed Dividends, Trade payables, Creditors for capital goods, Rationalisation relating to a manufacturing site and Other Payables are considered to be the same as their fair values due to their short term nature.

Risk management framework

The Company's board of directors has overall responsibility for the establishment and oversight of the Company's risk management framework. The board of directors has established the Risk Management Committee, which is responsible for developing and monitoring the Company's risk management policies. The committee reports regularly to the board of directors on its activities

The Company's risk management policies are established to identify and analyse the risks faced by the Company, to set appropriate risk limits and controls and to monitor risks and adherence to limits. Risk management policies and systems are reviewed regularly to reflect changes in market conditions and the Company's activities. The Company, through its training and management standards and procedures, aims to maintain a disciplined and constructive control environment in which all employees understand their roles and obligations.

The audit committee oversees how management monitors compliance with the Company's risk management policies and procedures, and reviews the adequacy of the risk management framework in relation to the risks faced by the Company. The audit committee is assisted in its oversight role by internal audit. Internal audit undertakes both regular and ad hoc reviews of risk management controls and procedures, the results of which are reported to the audit committee.

Credit Risk

Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the Company if a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations, and arises principally from the Company's receivables from customers.

Trade and other receivables

The Company's trade receivables are largely from sales made to wholesale customers and direct sales to hospitals with a smaller proportion of sales to Indian Government Institutions. The Company's exposure to credit risk is influenced mainly by the individual characteristics of each customer, demographics of the customer and the default risk of the industry.

The Company manages credit risk through credit approvals, establishing credit limits and continuously monitoring the creditworthiness of customers to which the Company grants credit terms in the normal course of business.

Exposures to customers outstanding at the end of each reporting period are reviewed to determine incurred and expected credit losses and the Company establishes an allowance for doubtful debts and impairment that represents its estimate of expected losses in respect of trade receivables. Historical trends of impairment of trade receivables do not reflect any significant credit losses. Given that the macro economic indicators have undergone change, it has not affected the customers of the Company substantially, hence the Company expects the historical trend of minimal credit losses to continue. The impairment loss as at March 31, 2023 relates to customers that have defaulted on their payments to the Company and are not expected to be able to pay their outstanding balances, mainly due to economic circumstances.

In case of receivables from wholesale customers and hospitals, the Company has followed a provision approach consistent with expected credit loss approach as per IndAS 109.

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will not be able to meet its financial obligations as they become due. The Company manages its liquidity risk by ensuring, as far as possible, that it will always have sufficient liquidity to meet its liabilities when due, under both normal and stressed conditions, without incurring unacceptable losses or risk to the Company's reputation.

The Company's principal sources of liquidity are cash and cash equivalents and the cash flow that is generated from operations.

The Company has no outstanding bank borrowings. The Company believes that the working capital is sufficient to meet its current requirements. Any short-term surplus cash generated, over and above the amount required for working capital management and other operational requirements, are retained as Cash and Investment in short term deposits with banks and mutual funds. The said investments are made in instruments with appropriate maturities and sufficient liquidity.

As of March 31, 2023, the Company had working capital of ' 1149,69.10 lakhs, including cash and cash equivalents of ' 29,74.32 lakhs, investments in term deposits (i.e., bank certificates of deposit having original maturities of more than 3 months but less than 12 months) of ' 1100,89 lakhs and Current investments of ' 518,28.88 lakhs.

As of March 31, 2022, the Company had working capital of ' 1996,35.70 lakhs, including cash and cash equivalents of ' 280,79.12 lakhs, investments in term deposits (i.e., bank certificates of deposit having original maturities of more than 3 months but less than 12 months) of ' 2179,10 lakhs and Current investments of ' 365,59.23 lakhs.

Market risk is the risk of loss of future earnings, fair values or future cash flows that may result from adverse changes in market rates and prices (such as interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates) or in the price of market risk-sensitive instruments as a result of such adverse changes in market rates and prices. Market risk is attributable to all market risk-sensitive financial instruments, all foreign currency receivables and payables. The Company is exposed to market risk primarily related to foreign exchange rate risk and risk on its investments. However since the investments are in overnight and liquid funds the risk is negligible.

Currency risk

The fluctuation in foreign currency exchange rates may have potential impact on the statement of profit and loss, where any transaction references more than one currency or where assets/liabilities are denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the entity.

The Company is exposed to currency risk on account of its receivables and payables in foreign currency. The functional currency of the Company is Indian Rupee. The Company has exposure to GBP, USD, EUR and other currencies. The Company has not hedged this foreign currency exposure and strives to achieve asset liability offset of foreign currency exposure.

Sensitivity analysis

A reasonably possible strenghtening / weakening of the respective foreign currencies with respect to functional currency of Company would result in increase or decrease in profit or loss and equity as shown in table below. This analysis assumes that all other variables, in particular interest rates, remain constant and ignores any impact of forecast sales and purchases. The following analysis has been worked out based on the exposures as of the date of statements of financial position.

Note 50 : Capital Management

(a) Risk Management

The Company's policy is to maintain a strong capital base so as to maintain investor, creditor and market confidence and to sustain future development of the business. Management monitors the return on capital as well as the level of dividends to ordinary shareholders.

The Company has adequate cash and bank balances and no interest bearing liabilities. The Company monitors its capital by a careful scrutiny of the cash and bank balances, and a regular assessment of any debt requirements. In the absence of any interest bearing debt, the maintenance of debt equity ratio etc. may not be of any relevance to the Company.

No changes were made in the objectives, policies or processes for managing capital during the years ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022.

Note 53 : Share-based payment arrangements

Restricted Share Awards (RSAs)

Certain employees of the Company are entitled to receive cash/equity settled stock based awards ('awards') pursuant to employee share schemes ('scheme') administered by GlaxoSmithKline Plc. ('Plc').

Under these plans, certain employees are granted cash / equity settled RSAs at no cost, which entitle them to receive cash equivalent to the stock price of the Plc's shares or shares of the Plc's listed at London stock exchange after two and a half to three year vesting period during which the employee has to remain in continuous employment with the Company. These RSAs do not give any voting rights or the right to accrue dividends and there are no performance criteria attached.

The fair value of these awards is determined based on the closing share price on the day of grant, after deducting the expected future dividend yield of 3.75% (Previous Year 3.8%) over the duration of the award.

Performance Share Plan

Under the Performance Share Plan, share awards are granted to Directors and senior executives at no cost. The percentage of each award that vests is based upon the performance of the Company over a defined measurement period with dividends reinvested during the same period. The performance conditions since 2022 are based on five measures over a three-year performance period. These are TSR (30%), pipeline progress (20%), profit measure (20%), sale measure (20%) and ESG environment (10%).

The fair value of the awards is determined based on the closing share price on the day of grant. For TSR performance elements, this is adjusted by the likelihood of that condition being met, as assessed at the time of grant.

During the year ended March 31, 2023, awards were made of 9,075 shares at a weighted fair value of GBP 12.37. As at March 31, 2023 there were outstanding awards of 9,075 shares.

Note 54 : Disclosure pursuant to Ind AS 105 “Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operations”:

(i) Transfer of Iodex and Ostocalcium Brands:

During the previous year ended March 31, 2022 the Board of Directors ('Board') of the Company at their meeting held on July 26, 2021 had approved the transfer of the trademarks pertaining to 'Iodex' and 'Ostocalcium' brands (“Brands”) in India along with legal, economic, commercial and marketing rights of such brands and other identified assets to GlaxoSmithKline Asia Private Limited with respective values aggregating ' 1649,01 lakhs. The transaction was consummated and the consideration was received by the company during the previous year after the receipt of shareholders' and regulatory approvals.

Consequently, the transfer has been disclosed as Discontinued Operations in accordance with Ind AS 105 "Non-Current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations".

Note 56:

During the previous year ended March 31, 2022 post the approval of the shareholders, the Company on September 30, 2021, had acquired the assets and liabilities associated with the vaccine business of GlaxoSmithKline Asia Private Limited. The Company accounted the acquisition in accordance with Appendix C to IND AS 103 being business combination of entities under common control. Accordingly, the financial information in respect of prior periods was restated for the acquisition as if the business combination occurred from the beginning of preceding periods. The Company took over the assets at amortised cost of ' 1,29.00 lakhs, liabilities at ' 20,44.00 lakhs and the consideration paid amounts to ' 1,66.00 lakhs. The difference between the consideration paid and the net assets taken over on acquisition of ' 20,82.00 lakhs was transferred to Capital reserve.

Note 58 : Additional information

(i) The Company does not have any Benami property, where any proceeding has been initiated or pending against the Company for holding any Benami property.

(ii) The Company has not traded or invested in Crypto currency or Virtual Currency during the financial year.

(iii) The Company has not advanced or loaned or invested funds to any other person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities (Intermediaries) with the understanding that the Intermediary shall:

(a) directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the company (Ultimate Beneficiaries) or

(b) provide any guarantee, security or the like to or on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.

(iv) The Company has not received any fund from any person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities (Funding Party) with the understanding (whether recorded in writing or otherwise) that the Company shall:

(a) directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Funding Party (Ultimate Beneficiaries) or

(b) provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.

(v) The Company does not have any such transaction which is not recorded in the books of accounts that has been surrendered or disclosed as income during the year in the tax assessments under the Income Tax Act, 1961 (such as, search or survey or any other relevant provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961).

Note 59 : Event occurring after balance sheet date

The Board of Directors has recommended a Dividend of ' 32 per equity share of face value of ' 10 each for this year. (March 31, 2022:

' 90 (including special dividend of ' 60 per equity share) per share) (Refer Note 50 (b)).

Note 60:

As per MCA notification dated August 05, 2022, the Central Government has notified the Companies (Accounts) Fourth Amendment Rules, 2022. As per the amended rules, Companies are required to maintain daily back-up of the books of account and other relevant books and papers which are maintained in electronic mode on servers physically located in India.

The books of account of the Company and other relevant books and papers are maintained in electronic mode other than certain records and papers which are physically maintained in India. The electronic books of accounts are always readily accessible from India and currently a daily backup is maintained on servers located outside India. The Company is in the process of complying with the aforesaid MCA notification.

Note 61:

Previous year figures have been regrouped / reclassified wherever necessary.

Note 62: Approval of financial statements

The financial statements were approved for issue by the Board of Directors on May 17 2023.