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Vedanta Ltd. Notes to Accounts
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You can view the entire text of Notes to accounts of the company for the latest year
Market Cap. (Rs.) 100977.91 Cr. P/BV 2.56 Book Value (Rs.) 106.05
52 Week High/Low (Rs.) 301/208 FV/ML 1/1 P/E(X) 9.55
Bookclosure 27/12/2023 EPS (Rs.) 28.45 Div Yield (%) 37.36
Year End :2021-03 

Notes

a) Plant and equipment include refineries, smelters, power plants, railway sidings, ships, aircraft, river fleet and related facilities.

b) During the year ended 31 March 2021, interest capitalised was '233 Crore (31 March 2020: '673 crore).

c) Certain property, plant and equipment are pledged as collateral against borrowings, the details related to which have been described in Note 17 on "Borrowings".

d) In accordance with the exemption given under Ind AS 101, which has been exercised by the Company, a first time adopter can continue its previous GAAP policy for accounting for exchange differences arising from translation of long-term foreign currency monetary items recognised in the previous GAAP financial statements for the period ending immediately before the beginning of the first Ind AS financial reporting period, i.e., 01 April 2016.

Accordingly, foreign currency exchange differences arising on translation/settlement of long-term foreign currency monetary items acquired before 01 April 2016 pertaining to the acquisition of a depreciable asset amounting to '40 Crore loss (31 March 2020: '13 crore loss) is adjusted to the cost of respective item of property, plant and equipment.

e) Property, Plant and Equipment, Capital work-in-progress and exploration and evaluation assets net block includes share ofjointly owned assets with the joint venture partners '6,510 Crore (31 March 2020: '6,229 Crore).

g) Freehold Land includes '144 Crore (31 March 2020: '146 Crore), accumulated amortization of '127 Crore (31 March 2020: '127 Crore), which is available for use during the lifetime of the Production Sharing Contract of the respective Oil and Gas blocks and the title deed for the same is in the name of the licensee of the block.

h) A parcel of land aggregating to '349 Crore relating to Iron Ore business was reclassified during the previous year, due to existence of litigation, to Financial Assets and later impaired (Refer note 32) and during the year '1 Crore (31 March 2020: '1 Crore) was transferred to intangible assets from Capital Work in Progress.

a. Carrying value of investment in equity shares of Hindustan Zinc Limited (HZL) is at deemed cost and for all other subsidiaries, it is at the cost of acquisition.

b. Pursuant to the Government of India’s policy of disvestment, the Company in April 2002 acquired 26% equity interest in HZL from the Government of India. Under the terms of the Shareholder’s Agreement ('SHA’), the Company had two call options to purchase all of the Government of India’s shares in HZL at fair market value. The Company also acquired an additional 20% of the equity capital in HZL through an open offer. The Company exercised the first call option on 29 August 2003 and acquired an additional 18.9% of HZL’s issued

share capital, increasing its shareholding to 64.9%. The second call option provides the Company the right to acquire the Government of India’s remaining 29.5% share in HZL. This call option is subject to the right of the Government of India to sell 3.5% of HZL shares to HZL employees. The Company exercised the second call option on 21 July 2009.

The Government of India disputed the validity of the call option and has refused to act upon the second call option. Consequently, the Company invoked arbitration which is in the early stages. The next date of hearing is to be notified. The Government of India without prejudice to the position on the Put / Call option issue has received approval from the Cabinet for divestment and the Government is looking to divest through the auction route. Meanwhile, the

Supreme Court has, in January 2016, directed status quo pertaining to disinvestment of Government of India’s residual shareholding while hearing the public interest petition filed. The Company has filed an early hearing application in Supreme Court which is currently pending and is sub-judice. The hearings in the matter have started and will now be listed for further arguments in due course.

Pursuant to the Government of India’s policy of divestment, the Company in March 2001 acquired 51% equity interest in BALCO from the Government of India. Under the terms of the SHA, the Company has a call option to purchase the Government of India’s remaining ownership interest in BALCO at any point from March 2, 2004. The Company exercised this option on March 19, 2004. However, the Government of India has contested the valuation and validity of the option and contended that the clauses of the SHA violate the (Indian) Companies Act,

1956 by restricting the rights of the Government of India to transfer its shares and that as a result such provisions of the SHA were null and void. In the arbitration filed by the Company, the arbitral tribunal by a majority award rejected the claims of the Company on the grounds that the clauses relating to the call option, the right of first refusal, the "tag-along" rights and the restriction on the transfer of shares violate the erstwhile Companies Act, 1956 and are not enforceable. The Company has challenged the validity of the majority award in the Hon'ble High Court of Delhi and sought for setting aside the arbitration award to the extent that it holds these clauses ineffective and inoperative. The Government of India also filed an application before the High Court of Delhi to partially set aside the arbitral award in respect of certain matters involving valuation. The matter is currently scheduled for hearing by the Delhi High Court. Meanwhile, the

B) Current Investment

Government of India without prejudice to its position on the Put / Call option issue has received approval from the Cabinet for divestment and the Government is looking to divest through the auction route.

On January 9, 2012, the Company offered to acquire the Government of India’s interests in HZL and BALCO for '15,492 Crore and '1,782 Crore respectively. This offer was separate from the contested exercise of the call options, and Company proposed to withdraw the ongoing litigations in relation to the contested exercise of the options should the offer be accepted. To date, the offer has not been accepted by the Government of India and therefore, there is no certainty that the acquisition will proceed.

In view of the lack of resolution on the options, the non-response to the exercise and valuation request from the Government of India, the resultant uncertainty surrounding the potential transaction and the valuation of the consideration payable, the Company considers the strike price of the options to be at the fair value, which is effectively nil, and hence the call options have not been recognised in the financial statements.

c. Reduction pursuant to merger of Cairn India Limited with Vedanta Limited accounted for in the year ended 31 March 2017.

d. During the year, 15 lakh 0.1% compulsorily convertible debentures of '1,000 each held by the Company have been fully converted into 1.5 Crore equity shares of Vizag General Cargo Berth Private Limited of face value of '10 each at a premium of '90 per share.

(a) The credit period given to customers ranges from zero to 90 days. Also refer note 20(C)(d).

(b) For amounts due and terms and conditions relating to related party receivables see note 37.

(c) As at 31 March 2021, trade receivables amounting to '1,323 Crore (31 March 2020: ' 1,349 Crore) withheld by GRIDCO ('GRIDCO’ or 'the Customer’) on account of certain disputes relating to computation of power tariffs pending adjudication by Appellate Tribunal for Electricity (APTEL), which the Company is confident of recovering fully. The Customer has also raised claims of '413 Crore on the Company in respect of short supply of power for which a provision of '218 Crore has been made. Various minutes of meetings were signed with the Customer for computing the short supply claims, which were subject to approval of Odisha State Electricity Regulatory Commission ('OERC’). On 22 June 2020 OERC pronounced its order on computation methodology for short supply claims, basis which both the parties had to recompute the amount of claim and settle the matter in two months from the date of the order. On initial impact assessment of the said Order by the Company, it believes that no further provisioning is required in this regard.

Further, the Company filed an appeal before APTEL against the OERC Order. The matter is now listed before registrar court on 14 July 2021. The Customer has also sought review of the OERC Order. The matter has been posted for order by OERC in due course. In the meanwhile, power supply to GRIDCO has resumed and GRIDCO has been making regular payments against monthly energy invoices.

(d) The total trade receivables as at 01 April 2019 were '3,214 Crore (net of provision for expected credit loss).

(a) Site restoration asset earns interest at fixed rate based on respective deposit rate.

(b) A parcel of land amounting to '349 Crore relating to Iron Ore business has been reclassified during the previous year, due to existing litigation, from Property, plant and equipment and was later provided for (Refer note 32).

(c) Bank deposits include margin money of '4 Crore (31 March 2020: Nil).

(a) Includes '30 Crore (31 March 2020: '30 Crore), being Company's share of gross amount of '86 Crore (31 March 2019: '86 Crore) paid under protest on account of Education Cess and Secondary Higher Education Cess for the financial year 2013-14.

(b) Others include claim receivables, advance recoverable (oil and gas business), prepaid expenses and export incentive receivables. This also includes amounts receivable from KCM (Refer note 32).

(c) During the previous year, an impairment charge of '196 Crore has been recognised relating to copper business. Refer note 32(b).

(a) Includes '633 Crore (31 March 2020: '256 Crore) on lien with banks and margin money '12 Crore (31 March 2020: '12 Crore).

(b) Restricted funds of '460 Crore (31 March 2020: Nil) held as interest reserve created against interest payment on loans from banks and '21 Crore (31 March 2020: Nil) on lien with Others.

(c) Bank deposits earns interest at fixed rate based on respective deposit rate.

(d) Earmarked unpaid dividend accounts are restricted in use as it relates to unclaimed or unpaid dividend.

(e) Earmarked escrow account is restricted in use as it relates to unclaimed redeemable preference shares.

* The % of holding has been calculated on the issued and subscribed share capital as at the respective balance sheet date.

(1) All the above entities are subsidiaries of Volcan Investments Limited, the ultimate holding Company.

(2) Represented by 2,48,23,177 American Depository Shares ("ADS") which got coverted to equity shares in FY 20-21.

(3) Vedanta Holdings Mauritius II Limited (part of Promoter Group of Vedanta Limited) had purchased 185,000,000 equity shares aggregating to 4.98% of equity share capital of Vedanta Limited, on 24 December 2020 via bulk deal on stock exchange.

As per the records of the Company, including its register of shareholders/members, the above shareholding represents legal ownership of shares.

F. Other disclosures

(i) The Company has one class of equity shares having a par value of '1 per share. Each shareholder is eligible for one vote per share held and dividend as and when declared by the Company. The dividend proposed by the Board of Directors is subject to the approval of the shareholders in the ensuing Annual General Meeting, except in case of interim dividend which is paid as and when declared by the Board of Directors. In the event of liquidation of the Company, the holders of equity shares will be entitled to receive any of the remaining assets of the Company,

after distribution of all preferential amounts, in proportion to their shareholding.

(ii) ADS shareholders do not have right to attend General meetings in person and also do not have right to vote. They are represented by depository, CITI Bank N.A. New York. As at 31 March 2021 -16,09,03,244 equity shares were held in the form of 4,02,25,811 ADS (31 March 2020: 26,17,80,208 equity shares were held in the form of 6,54,45,052 ADS).

(iii) In terms of Scheme of Arrangement as approved by the Hon'ble High Court of Judicature at Mumbai, vide its order dated 19 April 2002, the erstwhile Sterlite Industries (India) Limited (merged with the Company during 2013-14) during 2002-2003 reduced its paid up share capital by '10 Crore.

There are 2,01,296 equity shares (31 March 2020: 2,01,711 equity shares) of '1 each pending clearance from NSDL. The Company has filed an application

in Hon'ble High Court of Mumbai to cancel these shares, the final decision on which is pending.

Hon'ble High Court of Judicature at Mumbai, vide its interim order dated 06 September 2002 restrained any transaction with respect to subject shares.

15 OTHER EQUITY (REFER STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY)

a) General reserve: Under the erstwhile Companies Act, 1956, general reserve was created through an annual transfer of net income at a specified percentage in accordance with applicable regulations. The purpose of these transfers was to ensure that if a dividend distribution in a given year is more than 10% of the paid-up capital of the Company for that year, then the total dividend distribution is less than the total distributable reserves for that year. Consequent to introduction of Companies Act, 2013, the requirement to mandatorily transfer a specified percentage of the net profit to general reserve has been withdrawn.

b) Debenture redemption reserve: As per the

earlier provision under the Indian Companies Act, companies that issue debentures were required to create debenture redemption reserve from annual profits until such debentures are redeemed. Companies are required to maintain 25% as a reserve of outstanding redeemable debentures.

The amounts credited to the debenture redemption reserve may not be utilized except to redeem debentures.The MCA vide its Notification dated 16 August 2019, had amended the Companies (Share Capital and Debenture) Rules, 2014, wherein the requirement of creation of Debenture Redemption Reserve has been exempted for certain class of companies, hence, in view of the same, Vedanta Limited is not required to create Debenture Redemption Reserve.

c) Preference share redemption reserve: The

Companies Act, 2013 provides that companies that issue preference shares may redeem those shares from profits of the Company which otherwise would be available for dividends, or from proceeds of a new issue of shares made for the purpose of redemption of the preference shares. If there is a

premium payable on redemption, the premium must be provided for, either by reducing the additional paid in capital (securities premium account) or net income, before the shares are redeemed. If profits are used to redeem preference shares, the value of the nominal amount of shares redeemed should be transferred from profits (retained earnings) to the preference share redemption reserve. This amount should then be utilised for the purpose of redemption of redeemable preference shares. This reserve can be used to issue fully paid-up bonus shares to the shareholders of the Company.

d) Capital reserve: The balance in capital reserve has mainly arisen consequent to merger of Cairn India Limited with the Company.

16 CAPITAL MANAGEMENT

The Company’s objectives when managing capital is to safeguard continuity, maintain a strong credit rating and healthy capital ratios in order to support its business

and provide adequate return to shareholders through continuing growth. The Company’s overall strategy remains unchanged from previous year.

The Company sets the amount of capital required on the basis of annual business and long-term operating plans which include capital and other strategic investments.

The funding requirements are met through a mixture of equity, internal fund generation and borrowings. The Company’s policy is to use current and non-current borrowings to meet anticipated funding requirements.

The Company monitors capital on the basis of the gearing ratio which is net debt divided by total capital (equity plus net debt). The Company is not subject to any externally imposed capital requirements.

Net debt are non-current and current debts as reduced by cash and cash equivalents, other bank balances and current investments. Equity comprises all components including other comprehensive income.

(a) The constituents of 'total cash’ for the purpose of capital management disclosure to include only those amounts of restricted funds that are corresponding to liabilities (e.g. margin money deposits). Consequently, restricted funds amounting to '76 Crore (As at 31 March 2021: '559 Crore) have been excluded from 'total cash’ in the capital management disclosures for the comparative year ended 31 March 2020 (Refer note 13(b),13(d) and 13(e)).

c) The Company facilities are subject to certain financial and non- financial covenants. The primary covenants which must be complied with include interest service coverage ratio, current ratio, debt service coverage ratio, total outside liabilities to total net worth, fixed assets coverage ratio, ratio of total term liabilities to net worth and return on fixed assets. The Company has complied with the covenants as per the terms of the loan agreement.

18B Operational Buyers' /Suppliers' Credit is availed in foreign currency from offshore branches of Indian banks or foreign banks at an interest rate ranging from 0.4% to 3.5% per annum and in rupee from domestic banks at interest rate ranging from 4.25-6.65% per annum. These trade credits are largely repayable within 180 days from the date of draw down. Operational Buyers' credit availed in foreign currency is backed by Standby Letter of Credit issued under working capital facilities sanctioned by domestic banks. Part of these facilities are secured by first pari passu charge over the present and future current assets of the Company.

(b) Does not include any amounts, due and outstanding, to be credited to Investor Education and Protection Fund except '0.10 Crore (31 March 2020: '0.10 Crore) which is held in abeyance due to a pending legal case.

(c) Matured deposits of '0.01 Crore (March 31,2020: '0.01 Crore) due for transfer to Investor Education and Protection Fund have not been transferred in view of pending litigation between the beneficiaries.

(d) Includes revenue received in excess of entitlement interest of '737 Crore (31 March 2020: '765 Crore), reimbursement of expenses, provision for expenses, liabilities related to compensation/claim etc.

B. Fair value hierarchy

The Company uses the following hierarchy for determining and/or disclosing the fair value of financial instruments by valuation techniques:

(i) Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

(ii) Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e., derived from prices).

(iii) Level 3: inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).

The below table summarises the categories of financial assets and liabilities as at 31 March 2021 and 31 March 2020 measured at fair value:

active markets. Other current investments are valued on the basis of market trades, poll and primary issuances for securities issued by the same or similar issuer and for similar maturities or based on the applicable spread movement for the security derived based on the aforementioned factor(s).

Trade receivables, cash and cash equivalents, other bank balances, loans, other financial assets, current borrowings, trade payables and other current financial liabilities: fair values approximate their carrying amounts largely due to the short-term maturities of these instruments.

The fair value of the financial assets and liabilities are at the amount that would be received to sell an asset and paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair values:

Investments traded in active markets are determined by reference to quotes from the financial institutions; for example: Net asset value (NAV) for investments in mutual funds declared by mutual fund house. For other listed securities traded in markets which are not active, the quoted price is used wherever the pricing mechanism is same as for other marketable securities traded in

Other non-current financial assets and liabilities: Fair value is calculated using a discounted cash flow model with market assumptions, unless the carrying value is considered to approximate to fair value.

Non-current fixed-rate and variable-rate borrowings:

Fair value has been determined by the Company based on parameters such as interest rates, specific country risk factors, and the risk characteristics of the financed project.

Derivative financial assets/liabilities: The Company enters into derivative financial instruments with various counterparties. Interest rate swaps, foreign exchange forward contracts and commodity forward contracts are valued using valuation techniques, which employs the use of market observable inputs. The most frequently applied valuation techniques include the forward pricing and swap models, using present value calculations. The models incorporate various inputs including foreign exchange spot and forward rates, yield curves of the respective currencies, currency basis spreads between the respective currencies, interest rate curves and forward rate curves of the underlying commodity. Commodity contracts are valued using the forward LME rates of commodities actively traded on the listed metal exchange i.e. London Metal Exchange, United Kingdom

(U.K.).

For all other financial instruments, the carrying amount is either the fair value, or approximates the fair value.

The changes in counterparty credit risk had no material effect on the hedge effectiveness assessment for derivatives designated in hedge relationship and the value of other financial instruments recognised at fair value.

The estimated fair value amounts as at 31 March 2021 have been measured as at that date. As such, the fair values of these financial instruments subsequent to reporting date may be different than the amounts reported at each year-end.

There were no significant transfers between Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 during the year.

C. Risk management framework

The Company’s businesses are subject to several risks and uncertainties including financial risks.

The Company’s documented risk management policies act as an effective tool in mitigating the various financial risks to which the businesses are exposed in the course of their daily operations. The risk management policies cover areas such as liquidity risk, commodity price risk, foreign exchange risk, interest rate risk, counterparty credit risk and capital management. Risks are identified at both the corporate and individual subsidiary level

with active involvement of senior management. Each operating subsidiary in the Company has in place risk management processes which are in line with the Company’s policy. Each significant risk has a designated 'owner’ within the Company at an appropriate senior level. The potential financial impact of the risk and its likelihood of a negative outcome are regularly updated.

The risk management process is coordinated by the Management Assurance function and is regularly reviewed by the Company’s Audit Committee. The Audit Committee is aided by the other Committees of the Board including the Risk Management Committee, which meets regularly to review risks as well as the progress against the planned actions. Key business decisions are discussed at the periodic meetings of the Executive Committee. The overall internal control environment and risk management programme including financial risk management is reviewed by the Audit Committee on behalf of the Board.

The risk management framework aims to:

Ý improve financial risk awareness and risk transparency

Ý identify, control and monitor key risks

Ý identify risk accumulations

Ý provide management with reliable information on the Company’s risk situation

Ý improve financial returns Treasury management

Treasury management focuses on liability management, capital protection, liquidity maintenance and yield maximisation. The treasury policies are approved by the Committee of the Board. Daily treasury operations of the business units are managed by their respective finance teams within the framework of the overall Group treasury policies. Long-term fund raising including strategic treasury initiatives are managed jointly by the business treasury team and the central team at corporate treasury while short-term funding for routine working capital requirements is delegated to business units. A monthly reporting system exists to inform senior management of the Company’s investments and debt position, exposure to currency, commodity and interest rate risk and their mitigants including the derivative position. The Company has a strong system of internal control which enables effective monitoring of adherence to Company’s policies. The internal control measures are effectively supplemented by regular internal audits.

The Company uses derivative instruments to manage the exposure in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and commodity prices. The Company does not

acquire or issue derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. The Company does not enter into complex derivative transactions to manage the treasury and commodity risks. Both treasury and commodities derivative transactions are normally in the form of forward contracts, interest rate and currency swaps and these are in line with the Company's policies.

Commodity price risk

The Company is exposed to the movement of base metal commodity prices on the London Metal Exchange. Any decline in the prices of the base metals that the Company produces and sells will have an immediate and direct impact on the profitability of the businesses. As a general policy, the Company aims to sell the products at prevailing market prices. The commodity price risk in imported input commodity such as of Alumina, anodes, etc., for our aluminium and copper business respectively, is hedged on back-to-back basis ensuring no price risk for the business. Hedging is used primarily as a risk management tool and, in some cases, to secure future cash flows in cases of high volatility by entering into forward contracts or similar instruments. The hedging activities are subject to strict limits set out by the Board and to a strictly defined internal control and monitoring mechanism. Decisions relating to hedging of commodities are taken at the Executive Committee level, basis clearly laid down guidelines.

Whilst the Company aims to achieve average LME prices for a month or a year, average realised prices may not necessarily reflect the LM E price movements because of a variety of reasons such as uneven sales during the year and timing of shipments.

The Company is also exposed to the movement of international crude oil price and the discount in the price of Rajasthan crude oil to Brent price.

Financial instruments with commodity price risk are entered into in relation to following activities:

Ý economic hedging of prices realised on commodity contracts

Ý cash flow hedging of revenues, forecasted highly probable transactions

Aluminium

The requirement of the primary raw material, alumina, is partly met from own sources and the rest is purchased primarily on negotiated price terms. Sales prices are linked to the LME prices. At present the Company on selective basis hedges the aluminium content in outsourced alumina to protect its margins. The Company also enters into hedging arrangements for its aluminium sales to realise average month of sale LME prices.

Copper

The Company’s custom refining copper operations at Silvassa is benefitted by a natural hedge except to the extent of a possible mismatch in quotational periods between the purchase of anodes / blisters and the sale of finished copper. The Company’s policy on custom smelting is to generate margins from Refining Charges or "RC", improving operational efficiencies, minimising conversion cost, generating a premium over LME on sale of finished copper, sale of by-products and from achieving import parity on domestic sales. Hence, mismatches in quotational periods are managed to ensure that the gains or losses are minimised. The Company hedges this variability of LME prices through forward contracts and tries to make the LME price a pass-through cost between purchases of anodes / blisters and sales of finished products, both of which are linked to the LME price.

RCs are a major source of income for the Indian copper refining operations. Fluctuations in Rcs are influenced by factors including demand and supply conditions prevailing in the market for smelters output. The Company’s copper business has a strategy of securing a majority of its anodes / blisters feed requirement under long-term contracts with smelters / traders.

Iron ore

The Company sells its Iron Ore production from Goa on the prevailing market prices and from Karnataka through e-auction route as mandated by State Government of Karnataka in India.

Oil and Gas

The prices of various crude oils are based upon the price of the key physical benchmark crude oil such as Dated Brent, West Texas Intermediate, and Dubai/Oman etc. The crude oil prices move based upon market factors like supply and demand. The regional producers price their crude basis these benchmark crude with a premium or discount over the benchmark based upon quality differential and competitiveness of various grades.

Natural gas markets are evolving differently in important geographical markets. There is no single global market for natural gas. This could be owing to difficulties in large-scale transportation over long distances as compared to crude oil. Globally, there are three main regional hubs for pricing of natural gas, which are USA (Henry Hub Prices), UK (NBP Price) and Japan (imported gas price, mostly linked to crude oil).

Provisionally priced financial instruments

On 31 March 2021, the value of net financial liabilities linked to commodities (excluding derivatives) accounted for on provisional prices was '394 Crore (31 March 2020: liabilities of '334 Crore). These instruments are subject to

price movements at the time of final settlement and the final price of these instruments will be determined in the financial year beginning 01 April 2021.

The above sensitivities are based on volumes, costs, exchange rates and other variables and provide the estimated impact of a change in LME prices on profit and equity assuming that all other variables remain constant. A 10% decrease in LME prices would have an equal and opposite effect on the Company’s financial statements.

The impact on pre-tax profit/(loss) mentioned above includes the impact of a 10% increase in closing copper LME for provisionally priced copper concentrate purchased at Copper division custom smelting operations in India of '87 Crore loss (31 March 2020: '79 Crore loss), which is pass through in nature and as such will not have any impact on the profitability.

Financial risk

The Company’s Board approved financial risk policies include monitoring, measuring and mitigating the liquidity, currency, interest rate and counterparty risk. The Company does not engage in speculative treasury activity but seeks to manage risk and optimize interest and commodity pricing through proven financial instruments.

(a) Liquidity

The Company requires funds both for short-term operational needs as well as for long-term investment programmes mainly in growth projects. The Company generates sufficient cash flows from the current operations which together with the available cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments provide liquidity both in the short-term as well as in the longterm. The Company has been rated by CRISIL Limited (CRISIL) and India Ratings and Research Private Limited (India Rating) for its capital market issuance in the form of CPs and NCDs and for its banking facilities in line with Basel II norms.

Set out below is the impact of 10% increase in LME prices on pre-tax profit/ (loss) for the year and pre-tax total equity as a result of changes in value of the Company’s commodity financial instruments:

CRISIL affirmed our rating for the Company’s long-term bank facilities and its Non-Convertible Debentures (NCD) programme to CRISIL AA / Stable during the year. India Ratings has revised the outlook on Vedanta Limited’s ratings to IND AA / Negative from IND AA/ Stable on account of delay in deleveraging due to sharp fall in commodity prices and delay in volume ramp-up in key business segments. Vedanta Limited has the highest short term rating on its working capital and Commercial Paper Programme at A1 from CRISIL and India Ratings.

During FY2020, Moodys downgraded Corporate Family Rating of Vedanta Resources from Ba3 to B1 (and the rating of senior unsecured notes from B2 to B3) and subsequently placed the rating under review for downgrade in March 2020 on account of expectation of weaker credit metrics in low commodity price environment in wake of Covid-19. On 28 July 2020, Moody’s confirmed Vedanta Resources Limited’s B1 Corporate Family Rating and B3 rating on the senior unsecured notes of the company and changed the outlook on the rating to negative from ratings under review for downgrade. The confirmation of the ratings is driven by Moody’s expectation of stretched credit profile in fiscal year 2021 in wake of Covid 19 pandemic and recovery in credit metrics appropriate for current rating in fiscal year 2022. The negative outlook takes into account heightened refinancing risk in challenging market conditions. Further to the downgrade of VRL by S&P to B / Stable in November 2019, S&P downgraded the ratings to B- with stable outlook in March 2020 on account of weakened liquidity and increased refinancing risk due to volatility in commodity prices.

Anticipated future cash flows, together with undrawn fund based committed facilities of '1,084 Crore, and

cash, bank and current investments of '2,994 Crore as at 31 March 2021, are expected to be sufficient to meet the liquidity requirement of the Company in the near future.

The Company remains committed to maintaining a healthy liquidity, a low gearing ratio, deleveraging and strengthening its balance sheet. The maturity profile of the Company’s financial liabilities based on the remaining period from the date of balance sheet to the contractual maturity date is given in the table below. The figures reflect the contractual undiscounted cash obligation of the Company.

Exposures on foreign currency loans are managed through the Company wide hedging policy, which is reviewed periodically to ensure that the results from fluctuating currency exchange rates are appropriately managed. The Company strives to achieve asset liability offset of foreign currency exposures and only the net position is hedged.

The Company’s presentation currency is the Indian Rupee (INR). The assets are located in India and the Indian Rupee is the functional currency except for Oil and Gas business operations which have a dual functional currency. Natural hedges available in the business are identified at each entity level and hedges are placed only for the net exposure. Short-term net exposures are hedged progressively based on their maturity. A more conservative approach has been adopted for project expenditures to avoid budget overruns, where cost of the project is calculated taking into account the hedge cost. The hedge mechanisms are reviewed periodically to ensure that the risk from fluctuating currency exchange rates is appropriately managed.

The following analysis is based on the gross exposure as at the reporting date which could affect the statement of profit and loss. The exposure is mitigated by some of the derivative contracts entered into by the Company as disclosed under the section on "Derivative financial instruments”.

The Company’s exposure to foreign currency arises where an entity holds monetary assets and liabilities denominated in a currency different to the functional currency of the respective business, with US dollar being the major nonfunctional currency.

The foreign exchange rate sensitivity is calculated by the aggregation of the net foreign exchange rate exposure with a simultaneous parallel foreign exchange rates shift in the foreign currencies by 10% against the functional currency of the respective businesses.

Set out below is the impact of a 10% strengthening in the functional currencies of the respective businesses on pretax profit/(loss) and pre-tax equity arising as a result of the revaluation of the Company’s foreign currency monetary financial assets/liabilities:

Collateral

The Company has pledged financial instruments with carrying amount of '13,147 Crore (31 March 2020: '11,069 Crore) and inventories with carrying amount of '5,555 Crore (31 March 2020: '5,689 Crore) as per the requirements specified in various financial facilities in place. The counterparties have an obligation to release the securities to the Company when financial facilities are surrendered.

(b) Foreign exchange risk

Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates may have an impact on the statement of profit and loss, the statement of changes in equity, where any transaction references more than one currency or where assets/liabilities are denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the Company.

The table below illustrates the impact of a 0.5% to 2.0% movement in interest rates on floating rate financial assets/ liabilities (net) on profit/(loss) and equity assuming that the changes occur at the reporting date and has been calculated based on risk exposure

An equivalent reduction in interest rates would have an equal and opposite effect on the Company’s financial statements.

(d) Counterparty and concentration of credit risk

Credit risk refers to the risk that counterparty will default on its contractual obligations resulting in financial loss to the Company. The Company has adopted a policy of only dealing with creditworthy counterparties and obtaining sufficient collateral, where appropriate, as a means of mitigating the risk of financial loss from defaults.

The Company is exposed to credit risk from trade receivables, contract assets, investments, loans, other financial assets, and derivative financial instruments.

Credit risk on receivables is limited as almost all credit sales are against letters of credit and guarantees of banks of national standing.

Moreover, given the diverse nature of the Company’s businesses trade receivables are spread over a number of customers with no significant concentration of credit risk. The history of trade receivables shows a negligible provision for bad and doubtful debts. Therefore, the Company does not expect any material risk on account of non-performance by any of the Company’s counterparties.

A 10% weakening of functional currencies of the respective businesses would have an equal and opposite effect on the Company’s financial statements.

(c) Interest rate risk

At 31 March 2021, the Company’s net debt of '26,314 Crore (31 March 2020: '33,985 Crore) comprises debt of '32,166 Crore (31 March 2020: '38,937 Crore) offset by cash, bank and investments of '5,852 Crore (31 March 2020: '4,952 Crore).

The Company is exposed to interest rate risk on short-term and long-term floating rate instruments and on the refinancing of fixed rate debt. The Company’s policy is to maintain a balance of fixed and floating interest rate borrowings and the proportion of fixed and floating rate debt is determined by current market interest rates. The borrowings of the Company are principally denominated in Indian Rupees and US dollars with mix of fixed and floating rates of interest. The USD floating rate debt is linked to US dollar LIBOR and INR Floating rate debt to Bank’s base rate. The Company has a policy of selectively using interest rate swaps, option contracts and other derivative instruments to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. These exposures are reviewed by appropriate levels of management on a monthly basis. The Company invests cash and liquid investments in short-term deposits and debt mutual funds, some of which generate a tax-free return, to achieve the Company’s goal of maintaining liquidity, carrying manageable risk and achieving satisfactory returns.

Floating rate financial assets are largely mutual fund investments which have debt securities as underlying assets. The returns from these financial assets are linked to market interest rate movements; however the counterparty invests in the agreed securities with known maturity tenure and return and hence has manageable risk.

outstanding as of that date. The year end balances are not necessarily representative of the average debt outstanding during the year. This analysis also assumes that all other variables, in particular foreign currency rates, remain constant.

The Company has clearly defined policies to mitigate counterparty risks. For current investments, counterparty limits are in place to limit the amount of credit exposure to any one counterparty. This, therefore, results in diversification of credit risk for our mutual fund and bond investments. For derivative and financial instruments, the Company attempts to limit the credit risk by only dealing with reputable banks and financial institutions.

The carrying value of the financial assets represents the maximum credit exposure. The Company’s maximum exposure to credit risk is '16,063 Crore and '14,410 Crore as at 31 March 2021 and 31 March 2020 respectively.

The maximum credit exposure on financial guarantees given by the Company for various financial facilities is described in Note 36 on "Commitments, contingencies, and guarantees”.

None of the Company’s cash equivalents, including time deposits with banks, are past due or impaired. Regarding trade receivables, loans and other financial assets (both current and non-current), there were no indications as at 31 March 2021, that defaults in payment obligations will occur except as described in Note 7 and 9 on allowance for impairment of trade receivables and other financial assets.

Considering the net debt position as at 31 March 2021 and the investment in bank deposits, corporate bonds and debt mutual funds, any increase in interest rates would result in a net loss and any decrease in interest rates would result in a net gain. The sensitivity analysis below has been determined based on the exposure to interest rates for financial instruments at the balance sheet date.

Receivables are deemed to be past due or impaired with reference to the Company’s normal terms and conditions of business. These terms and conditions are determined on a case to case basis with reference to the customer’s credit quality and prevailing market conditions. Receivables that are classified as 'past due’ in the above tables are those that have not been settled within the terms and conditions that have been agreed with that

customer. The Company based on past experiences does not expect any material loss on its receivables.

The credit quality of the Company’s customers is monitored on an ongoing basis. Where receivables have been impaired, the Group actively seeks to recover the amounts in question and enforce compliance with credit terms.

commodity price contracts for hedging the commodity price risk of highly probable forecast transactions.

The cash flows related to above are expected to occur during the year ended 31 March 2022 and consequently may impact profit or loss for that year depending upon the change in the commodity prices and foreign exchange rates movements. For cash flow hedges regarded as basis adjustments to initial carrying value of the property, plant and equipment, the depreciation on the basis adjustments made is expected to affect profit or loss over the expected useful life of the property, plant and equipment.

(ii) Fair value hedge

The fair value hedges relate to forward covers taken to hedge currency exposure and commodity price risks.

The Company’s sales are on a quotational period basis, generally one month to three months after the date of delivery at a customer’s facility. The Company enters into forward contracts for the respective quotational period

to hedge its commodity price risk based on average LME prices. Gains and losses on these hedge transactions are substantially offset by the amount of gains or losses on the underlying sales. Net gains and losses are recognized in the statement of profit and loss.

The Company uses foreign exchange contracts from time to time to optimize currency risk exposure on its foreign currency transactions. Fair value changes on such forward contracts are recognized in the statement of profit and loss.

(iii) Non- designated economic hedge

The Company enters into derivative contracts which are not designated as hedges for accounting purposes, but provide an economic hedge of a particular transaction risk or a risk component of a transaction. Hedging instruments include copper, aluminium future contracts on the LME and certain other derivative instruments.

Fair value changes on such derivative instruments are recognized in the statement of profit and loss.

D. Derivative financial instruments

The Company uses derivative instruments as part of its management of exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and commodity prices. The Company does not acquire or issue derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. The Company does not enter into complex derivative transactions to manage the treasury and commodity risks. Both treasury and commodities derivative transactions are normally in the form of forward contracts and these are subject to the Company guidelines and policies.

The fair values of all derivatives are separately recorded in the balance sheet within current and non-current assets and liabilities. Derivatives that are designated as hedges are classified as current or non-current depending on the maturity of the derivative.

The use of derivatives can give rise to credit and market risk. The Company tries to control credit risk as far as possible by only entering into contracts with reputable banks and financial institutions. The use of derivative instruments is subject to limits, authorities and regular monitoring by appropriate levels of management.

The limits, authorities and monitoring systems are periodically reviewed by management and the Board.

The market risk on derivatives is mitigated by changes in the valuation of the underlying assets, liabilities or transactions, as derivatives are used only for risk management purposes.

(i) Cash flow hedges

The Company enters into forward exchange and commodity price contracts for hedging highly probable forecast transaction and account for them as cash flow hedges and states them at fair value. Subsequent changes in fair value are recognized in equity through OCI until the hedged transaction occurs, at which time, the respective gain or losses are reclassified to profit or loss. These hedges have been effective for the year ended 31 March 2021.

The Company uses foreign exchange contracts from time to time to optimize currency risk exposure on its foreign currency transactions. The Company hedged part of its foreign currency exposure on capital commitments during the year ended 2020. Fair value changes on such forward contracts are recognized in other comprehensive income.

The majority of cash flow hedges taken out by the Company during the year comprise non-derivative hedging instruments for hedging the foreign exchange rate of highly probable forecast transactions and

c) Restoration, rehabilitation and environmental costs

The provisions for restoration, rehabilitation and environmental liabilities represent the management's best estimate of the costs which will be incurred in the future to meet the Company's obligations under existing Indian law and the terms of the Company's exploration and other licences and contractual arrangements.

The principal restoration and rehabilitation provisions are recorded within oil & gas business where a legal obligation exists relating to the oil and gas fields, where costs are expected to be incurred in restoring the site of production facilities at the end of the producing life of an oil field. The Company recognises the full cost of site restoration as a liability when the obligation to rectify environmental damage arises.

These amounts are calculated by considering discount rates within the range of 2% to 3%, and become payable

at the end of the producing life of an oil field and are expected to be incurred over a period of twenty one years.

An obligation to incur restoration, rehabilitation and environmental costs arises when environmental disturbance is caused by the development or ongoing production from a producing field.

23 EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

The Company participates in defined contribution and benefit plans, the assets of which are held (where funded) in separately administered funds.

For defined contribution plans the amount charged to the statement of profit and loss is the total amount of contributions payable in the year.

For defined benefit plans, the cost of providing benefits under the plans is determined by actuarial valuation separately each year for each plan using the projected unit credit method by independent qualified actuaries as at the year end. Remeasurement gains and losses arising in the year are recognised in full in other comprehensive income for the year.

Central recognised provident fund

In accordance with the 'The Employee's Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952’, employees are entitled to receive benefits under the Provident Fund. Both the employee and the employer make monthly contributions to the plan at a predetermined rate (12% for the year ended 31 March 2020 and 31 March 2019) of an employee’s basic salary. All employees have an option to make additional voluntary contributions.

These contributions are made to the fund administered and managed by the Government of India (GOI) or to independently managed and approved funds. The Company has no further obligations under the fund managed by the GOI beyond its monthly contributions which are charged to the statement of profit and loss in the period they are incurred.

Family pension fund

The Pension Fund was established in 1995 and is managed by the Government of India. The employee makes no contribution to this fund but the employer makes a contribution of 8.33% of salary each month subject to a specified ceiling per employee. This is provided for every permanent employee on the payroll.

At the age of superannuation, contributions ceases and the individual receives a monthly payment based on the level of contributions through the years, and on their salary scale at the time they retire, subject to a maximum ceiling of salary level. The Government funds these payments, thus the Company has no additional liability beyond the contributions that it makes, regardless of whether the central fund is in surplus or deficit.

Superannuation

Superannuation, another pension scheme applicable in India, is applicable only to senior executives. The Company holds a policy with Life Insurance Corporation of India ("LIC"), to which it contributes a fixed amount relating to superannuation and the pension annuity is met by LIC as required, taking into consideration

the contributions made. The Company has no further obligations under the scheme beyond its monthly contributions which are charged to the statement of profit and loss in the year they are incurred.

National Pension Scheme

National Pension Scheme is a retirement savings account for social security and welfare applicable for executives covered under the superannuation benefit of Vedanta Limited, on a choice basis. It was introduced to enable employees to select the treatment of superannuation component of their fixed salaries and avail the benefits offered by National Pension Scheme launched by Government of India. Vedanta Limited holds a corporate account with one of the pension fund managers authorized by the Government of India to which the Company contributes a fixed amount relating to superannuation and the pension annuity will be met by the fund manager as per rules of National Pension Scheme. The Company has no further obligations under the scheme beyond its monthly contributions which are charged to the statement of profit and loss in the year they are incurred.

ii) Defined benefit plans

(a) Contribution to provident fund trust (the "trust")

The provident fund of the Iron Ore division is exempted under Section 17 of The Employee's Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952. Conditions for grant of exemption stipulates that the employer shall make good deficiency, if any, between the return guaranteed by the statute and actual earning of the Fund. Based on actuarial valuation in accordance with Ind AS 19 and Guidance note issued by Institute of Actuaries of India for interest rate guarantee of exempted provident fund liability of employees, there is no interest shortfall in the funds managed by the trust and hence there is no further liability as on 31 March 2021 and 31 March 2020. Having

(b) Gratuity plan

In accordance with the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972, the Company contributes to a defined benefit plan (the "Gratuity Plan”) covering certain categories of employees. The Gratuity Plan provides a lump sum payment to vested employees at retirement, disability or termination of employment being an amount based on the respective employee’s last drawn salary and the number of years of employment with the Company. The Gratuity plan is a funded plan and the Company makes contribution to recognised funds in India.

Based on actuarial valuations conducted as at year end using the projected unit credit method, a provision is recognised in full for the benefit obligation over and above the funds held in the Gratuity Plan.

The iron ore and oil & gas division of the Company have constituted a trust recognised by Indian Income Tax Authorities for gratuity to employees, contributions to the trust are funded with Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) and ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited.

The above sensitivity analysis may not be representative of the actual benefit obligation as it is unlikely that the change in assumptions would occur in isolation of one another as some of the assumptions may be correlated.

In presenting the above sensitivity analysis, the present value of defined benefit obligation has been calculated using the projected unit credit method at the end of reporting period, which is the same as that applied in calculating the defined benefit obligation liability recognized in the balance sheet.

Risk analysis

The Company is exposed to a number of risks in the defined benefit plans. Most significant risks pertaining to defined benefit plans and management's estimation of the impact of these risks are as follows:

Investment risk

The Gratuity plan is funded with Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) and ICICI Prudential Life (ICICI). The Company does not have any liberty to manage the fund provided to LIC and ICICI.

The present value of the defined benefit plan obligation is calculated using a discount rate determined by reference to Government of India bonds. If the return on plan asset is below this rate, it will create a plan deficit.

Interest risk

A decrease in the interest rate on plan assets will increase the net plan obligation.

Longevity risk / Life expectancy

The present value of the defined benefit plan obligation is calculated by reference to the best estimate of the mortality of plan participants both during and at the end of the employment. An increase in the life expectancy of the plan participants will increase the plan obligation.

Salary growth risk

The present value of the defined benefit plan obligation is calculated by reference to the future salaries of plan participants. An increase in the salary of the plan participants will increase the plan obligation.

Code on Social Security, 2020

The Code on Social Security, 2020 ('Code’) relating to employee benefits during employment and postemployment benefits received Presidential assent in September 2020. The Code has been published in the Gazette of India. However, the date on which the Code will come into effect has not been notified and the final rules/ interpretation have not yet been issued. The Company will assess the impact of the Code when it comes into effect and will record any related impact in the period the Code becomes effective.

25 SHARE BASED PAYMENTS

The Company offers equity based and cash based option plans to its employees, officers and directors through the Company's stock option plan introduced in 2016 and Cairn India's stock option plan now administered by the Company pursuant to merger with the Company.

The Vedanta Limited Employee Stock Option Scheme (ESOS) 2016

The Company introduced an Employee Stock Option Scheme 2016 ("ESOS"), which was approved by the Vedanta Limited shareholders to provide equity settled incentive to all employees of the Company including subsidiary companies. The ESOS scheme includes tenure based, business performance based (EBITDA) and market performance based stock options. The maximum value of options that can be awarded to members of the wider management group is calculated by reference to the grade average cost-to-company ("CTC") and individual grade of the employee. The performance conditions attached to the option is measured by comparing Company’s performance in terms of Total Shareholder Return ("TSR") over the performance period with the performance of two group of comparator companies (i.e. Indian and global comparator companies) defined in the

scheme. The extent to which an option vests will depend on the Company's TSR rank against a group or groups of peer companies at the end of the performance period and as moderated by the Remuneration Committee. The ESOS schemes are administered through VESOS trust and have underlying Vedanta Limited equity shares.

Options granted during the year ended 31 March 2021 includes business performance based, sustained individual performance based, management discretion and fatality multiplier based stock options. Business performances will be measured using Volume, Cost, Net Sales Realisation, EBITDA, ECG & Carbon footprint or a combination of these for the respective business/ SBU entities.

Options granted during the year ended 31 March 2020 includes business performance based, sustained individual performance based and market performance based stock options. Business performances will be measured using Volume, Cost, Net Sales Realisation, EBITDA or a combination of these for the respective business/ SBU entities.

The exercise price of the options is '1 per share and the performance period is three years, with no re-testing being allowed.

21 is presented below:

ODtions

The fair value of all options has been determined at the date of grant of the option allowing for the effect of any market-based performance conditions. This fair value, adjusted by the Group’s estimate of the number of options that will eventually vest as a result of non-market conditions, is expensed over the vesting period.

Business Performance-Based and Sustained Individual Performance-Based Options:

The fair values of stock options following these types of vesting conditions have been estimating using the Black-Scholes-Merton Option Pricing model. The value arrived at under this model has been then multiplied by the expected % vesting based on business performance conditions (only for business performance-based options) and the expected multiplier on account of sustained individual performance (for both type of options). The inputs used in the Black-Scholes-Merton Option Pricing model include the share price considered as of the valuation date, exercise price as per the scheme/ plan of the options, expected dividend yield (estimated based on actual/ expected dividend trend of the company), expected tenure (estimated as the remaining vesting period of the options), the risk-free rate (considered as the zero coupon yield as of the valuation date for a term commensurate with the expected tenure of the options) and expected volatility (estimated based on the historical volatility of the return in company’s share prices for a term commensurate with the expected tenure of the options). The exercise period of 6 months post vesting period has not been considered as the

options are expected to be exercised immediately post the completion of the vesting period.

Total Shareholder Returns-Based Options:

The fair values of stock options following this type of vesting condition has been estimated using the Monte Carlo Simulation method. This method has been used to simulate the expected share prices for Vedanta Limited and the companies of the comparator group over the vesting period of the options. Based on the simulated prices, the expected pay-off at the end of the vesting period has been estimated and present valued to the valuation date. Further, based on the simulated share prices and expected dividends the relative rank of Vedanta Limited’s share price return has been estimated vis-a-vis the Indian and Global Group of the comparator group. This rank has been used to estimate expected % vesting of the options under this type of vesting condition. The inputs to the monte carlo simulation method include expected tenure (estimated as the remaining vesting period of the options), the risk-free rate (considered as the zero coupon yield as of the valuation date for a term commensurate with the expected tenure of the options), expected dividend yield (estimated based on the actual dividend trend of the companies), expected volatility (estimated based on the historical volatility of the return in the company’s share prices for a term commensurate with the expected tenure of the options). The exercise period of 6 months post the vesting period has not been considered as the options are expected to be exercised immediately post

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The weighted average remaining contractual life for the share options outstanding was 2.03 years (31 March 2020: 2.28 years).

The Company recognised total expenses of '58 Crore (31 March 2020: '75 Crore) related to equity settled share based payment transactions for the year ended 31 March 2021 out of which '19 Crore (31 March 2020: '33 Crore) was recovered from group companies. The total expense recognised on account of cash settled share based plan during the year ended 31 March 2021 is '1 Crore (31 March 2020: '0 Crore) and the carrying value of cash settled share based compensation liability as at 31 March 2021 is '1 Crore (31 March 2020: '0 Crore).

Employee stock option plans of erstwhile Cairn India Limited:

The Company has provided CIESOP share based payment scheme to its employees.

CIESOP plan

There are no specific vesting conditions under CIESOP plan other than completion of the minimum service period of 3 years from the date of grant. Phantom options are exercisable proportionate to the period of service rendered by the employee subject to completion of one year. The exercise period is 7 years from the vesting date.

a) Revenue from sale of products and from sale of services for the year ended 31 March 2021 includes revenue from contracts with customers of '36,859 Crore (FY 2019-20: '35,125 Crore) and a net gain on mark-to-market of '261 Crore (FY 2019-20: loss of '346 Crore) on account of gains/ losses relating to sales that were provisionally priced as at the beginning of the year with the final price settled in the current year, gains/ losses relating to sales fully priced during the year, and marked to market gains/ losses relating to sales that were provisionally priced as at the end of the year.

b) Government of India (GoI) vide Office Memorandum ("OM") No. O-19025/10/2005-ONG-DV dated

01 February 2013 allowed for Exploration in the Mining Lease Area after expiry of Exploration period and prescribed the mechanism for recovery of such Exploration Cost incurred. Vide another Memorandum dated 24 October 2019, GoI clarified that all approved Exploration costs incurred on Exploration activities, both successful and unsuccessful, are recoverable in the manner as prescribed in the OM and as per the provisions of PSC. Accordingly, during the previous year, the Company had recognized revenue of '638 Crore, for past exploration costs, through increased share in the joint operations revenue as the Group believes that cost recovery mechanism prescribed under OM for profit petroleum payable to GOI is not applicable to its Joint operation partner, view which is also supported by an independent legal opinion.

However, the Joint operation partner carries a different understanding and the matter is pending resolution.

c) Majority of the Company’s sales are against advance or are against letters of credit/ cash against documents/ guarantees of banks of national standing. Where sales are made on credit, the amount of consideration does not contain any significant financing component as payment terms are within three months.

As per the terms of the contract with its customers, either all performance obligations are to be completed within one year from the date of such contracts or the Company has a right to receive consideration from its customers for all completed performance obligations. Accordingly, the Company has availed the practical expedient available under paragraph 121 of Ind AS 115 and dispensed with the additional disclosures with respect to performance obligations that remained unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) at the balance sheet date. Further, since the terms of the contracts directly identify the transaction price for each of the completed performance obligations there are no elements of transaction price which have not been included in the revenue recognised in the financial statements. Further, there is no material difference between the contract price and the revenue from contract with customers.

For oil & gas assets, CGU's identified are on the basis of a production sharing contract (PSC) level, as it is the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or group of assets.

The recoverable amount of the RJ CGU of '5,585 Crore (US$747 million) was determined based on the fair value less costs of disposal approach, a level-3 valuation technique in the fair value hierarchy, as it more accurately reflects the recoverable amount based on our view of the assumptions that would be used by a market participant. This is based on the cash flows expected to be generated by the

a. During the year ended 31 March 2021 and 31 March 2020, the Company has recognized impairment charge of 'Nil Crore and of '8,273 Crore respectively, on its assets in the oil and gas segment comprising of:

i) During the previous year, impairment charge of '7,516 Crore relating to Rajasthan oil and gas block ("RJ CGU") triggered by the significant fall in the crude oil prices. Of this charge, '7,071 Crore impairment charge has been recorded against oil and gas producing facilities and '445 Crore impairment charge has been recorded against exploration intangible assets under development.

projected oil and natural gas production profiles up to the expected dates of cessation of production sharing contract (PSC)/cessation of production from each producing field based on the current estimates of reserves and risked resources. Reserves assumptions for fair value less costs of disposal tests consider all reserves that a market participant would consider when valuing the asset, which are usually broader in scope than the reserves used in a value-in-use test. Discounted cash flow analysis used to calculate fair value less costs of disposal uses assumption for short-term oil price of US$38 per barrel for the next one year and scales upto longterm nominal price of US$57 per barrel, three years thereafter, derived from a consensus of various analyst recommendations. Thereafter, these have been escalated at a rate of 2% per annum. The cash flows are discounted using the post-tax nominal discount rate of 10.35% derived from the post-tax weighted average cost of capital after factoring the risks ascribed to PSC extension and the successful implementation of key growth projects. Additionally, in computing the recoverable value, the effects of market participant's response on production sharing contract matters have also been appropriately considered. Based on the sensitivities carried out by the Company, change in crude price assumptions by US$1/bbl and changes to discount rate by 1% would lead to a change in recoverable value by '181 Crore (US$24 million) and '257 Crore (US$34 million) respectively.

ii) During the previous year, impairment charge of '225 Crore relating to KG-ONN-2003/1 CGU mainly due to the reduction in crude oil price forecast.

The recoverable amount of the CGU was determined to be '147 Crore (US $20 million) based on fair value less cost of disposal approach as described in above paragraph. Discounted cash flow analysis used to calculate fair value less costs of disposal uses assumption for oil price as described in above paragraph. The cash flows are discounted using the post-tax nominal discount rate of 11.1% derived from post-tax weighted average cost of capital.

The sensitivities around change in crude price and discount rate are not material to the financial statements.

iii) During the previous year, impairment charge of '532 Crore in exploration block KG-OSN-2009/3, was provided for as the Government of India approval on extension and grant of excusable delay is awaited for.

b. Refer note 3(c)(A)(vii) for impairment in copper segment.

c. As at 31 March 2021, the Company has an outstanding receivable equivalent to '55 Crore (net of provision of '103 Crore) (31 March 2020: '106 Crore (net of provision of '52 Crore)) from Konkola Copper Mines Plc (KCM), predominantly regarding monies advanced against future purchase of copper cathode/anode.

A provisional liquidator was appointed to manage KCM’s affairs on 21 May 2019, after ZCCM Investments Holdings Plc ("ZCCM"), an entity majorly owned by the Government of Zambia and a 20.6% shareholder in KCM, filed a winding up petition against KCM. KCM's majority shareholder, Vedanta Resources Holdings Limited ("VRHL"), and its parent company, Vedanta Resources Limited ("VRL"), are contesting the winding up petition in the Zambian courts. The local Court of Appeal ("CAZ") has ruled in favor of VRHL/VRL, ordering a stay of the winding up proceedings and referring the matter for arbitration. In light of the orders from CAZ, VRL has also filed an application in the High Court of Zambia, asking for directions on the powers of the provision liquidator and the matter was argued on March 30, 2021. The ruling has been reserved.

VRHL and VRL had also commenced arbitration proceedings against ZCCM with seat in Johannesburg, South Africa, consistent with their position that arbitration is the agreed dispute resolution process. The procedural timetable for the arbitration envisages an initial hearing of prioritised issues commencing on 31 May 2021, with the substantive dispute being heard in November 2021 and February 2022. Meanwhile, KCM has not been supplying goods to the Group, which it was supposed to as per the terms of the advance.

The Company has recognised provisions for expected credit losses of '51 Crore during the current year (31 March 2020: '52 Crore) and based on its assessment of the merits of the case backed by legal opinions, the Company is of the view that VRL's contractual position is upheld and continues to be strong on merits.

d. During the previous year, a parcel of land relating to the Iron Ore business having carrying value of '349 Crore was reclassified from freehold land to other financial asset due to an ongoing legal dispute relating to title of the land. Subsequently the financial asset was fully provided for and recognized under exceptional items.

(i) During the year ended 31 March 2020, the Company has provided for diminution in value of its investment in CIHL (a 100% subsidiary of the Company) of '3,339 Crore consequent to a reduction in recoverable value of PPE in RJ block held through its step-down 100% subsidiary Cairn Energy Hydrocarbon Limited (CEHL) due to reduction in crude prices and also due to reduction ir value of its investment in AvanStrate Inc. (ASI).

(ii) During the year ended 31 March 2020, the Company has made a provision for impairment relating to investment in Sesa Resources Limited of '54 Crore based on expected realisation in view of prevailing mining ban in Goa pursuant to an order passed by the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India on 07 February 2018.

33 TAX EXPENSE

f. During the previous year, the Company has restated its Renewable Power Obligation (RPO) liability pursuant to Odisha Electricity Regulatory Commission (OERC) notification dated December 31, 2019 which clarified that for CPP’s commissioned before 01 April 2016, RPO should be pegged at the RPO obligation applicable for 2015-16. Based on the notification, liability of the Company's Jharsuguda and Lanjigarh plants have been revised and '168 Crore reversal relating to previous years have been recognised under exceptional items.

g. During the year ended 31 March 2021, the Company has recognised a loss of '181 Crore relating to certain items of capital work-in-progress at the aluminium operations, which are no longer expected to be used.

Certain businesses of the Company are eligible for specified tax incentives which are included in the table above as tax holidays and similar exemptions. These are briefly described as under:

The location based exemption: SEZ Operations

In order to boost industrial development and exports, provided certain conditions are met, profits of undertaking located in Special Economic Zone ('SEZ') may benefit from tax holiday. Such tax holiday works to exempt 100% of the profits for the first five years from the commencement of the tax holiday, 50% of profits for five years thereafter and 50% of the profits for further five years provided the amount allowable in respect of deduction is credited to Special Economic Zone Re-Investment Reserve account. However, such undertaking would continue to be subject to the Minimum Alternative tax ('MAT').

The Company has setup SEZ Operations in its aluminium division (where no benefit has been drawn).

Sectoral Benefit - Power Plants

To encourage the establishment of certain power plants, provided certain conditions are met, tax incentives exist to exempt 100% of profits and gains for any ten consecutive years within the 15 years period following commencement of the power plant’s operation subject to certain conditions under section 80IA of the Income Tax Act, 1961. However, such undertakings generating power would continue to be subject to the MAT provisions.

(c) Deferred tax assets/liabilities

The Company has accrued significant amounts of deferred tax. The majority of the deferred tax liability represents accelerated tax relief for the depreciation of property, plant and equipment, net of losses carried forward by Vedanta Limited (post the re-organisation) and unused tax credit in the form of MAT credits carried forward. Significant components of Deferred tax (assets) & liabilities recognized in the balance sheet are as follows:

Recognition of deferred tax assets on MAT credit entitlement is based on the Company's present estimates and business plans as per which the same is expected to be utilized within the stipulated fifteen year period from the date of origination. (Refer Note 3(c)(A)(vi))

In addition to above, the Company has not recognised deferred tax asset on deductible temporary differences aggregating to '3,393 crore (31 March 2020: '3,393 crore) on Impairment of investment in subsidiaries (Refer Note 32 (e)) as the realization of the same is not reasonably certain.

(d) Non- current tax assets

Non- current tax assets of '1,787 Crore and '1,682 Crore as at 31 March 2021 and 31 March 2020 respectively mainly represents income tax receivable from Indian tax authorities by Vedanta Limited relating to the refund arising consequent to the Scheme of Amalgamation & Arrangement made effective in August 2013 pursuant to approval by the jurisdiction High Court and receivables relating to matters in tax disputes including tax holiday claim.

Other Commitments

Power Division of the Company has signed a long term power purchase agreement (PPA) with Gridco Limited for supply of 25% of power generated from the power station with additional right to purchase power (5%/ 7 %) at variable cost as per the conditions referred to in PPA. The PPA has a tenure of twenty five years.

B) Guarantees

The aggregate amount of indemnities and other guarantees on which the Company does not expect any material losses was '16,390 Crore (31 March 2020: '16,544 Crore). The Company has given guarantees in the normal course of business as stated below:

a) Guarantees and bonds advanced to the customs authorities in India of '632 Crore relating to the export and payment of import duties on purchases of raw material and capital goods (31 March 2020: '362 Crore).

b) Guarantees issued for Company’s share of minimum work programme commitments of '2,889 Crore (31 March 2020: '2,906 Crore).

c) Guarantees of'79 Crore (31 March 2020: '54 Crore) issued under bid bond.

d) Bank guarantees of '115 Crore (31 March 2020:

'115 Crore) has been provided by the Company on behalf of Volcan Investments Limited to Income tax department, India as a collateral in respect of certain tax disputes.

e) The Company has given corporate guarantees, bank guarantees and also assigned its bank limits to other group companies majorly in respect of certain short-term and long-term borrowings amounting to '11,051 Crore (31 March 2020: '10,816 Crore). Refer Note 37

f) Other guarantees worth '1,624 Crore (31 March 2020: '2,291 Crore) issued for securing supplies of materials and services, in lieu of advances received from customers, litigation, for provisional valuation of custom duty and also to various agencies, suppliers and government authorities for various purposes. The Company does not anticipate any liability on these guarantees.

C) Export Obligations

The Company has export obligations of '285 Crore (31 March 2020: '612 Crore) on account of concessional rates of import duty paid on capital goods under the Export Promotion Capital Goods Scheme and under the Advance Licence Scheme for the import of raw material laid down by the Government of India.

In the event of the Company’s inability to meet its obligations, the Company’s liability would be '46 Crore (31 March 2020: '84 Crore) reduced in proportion to actual exports, plus applicable interest.

The Company has given bonds of '50 Crore (31 March 2020: '88 Crore) to custom authorities against these export obligations.

D) Contingent Liabilities

The Company discloses the following legal and tax cases as contingent liabilities:

a) Vedanta Limited: Income tax

Vedanta Limited (notice was served on Cairn India Limited which subsequently merged with Vedanta Limited, accordingly now referred to as Vedanta Limited/ Company) received a demand totalling '20,495 Crore (including interest of '10,247 Crore) holding the Company as 'assessee in default’ as per Section 201 of Indian Income Tax Act. The Company has challenged the said order and presently pending before the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (ITAT).

The Company also filed a writ petition before the Delhi High Court wherein it has raised several grounds against the order said order. The matter came up for hearing on 05 February 2020 before Delhi High Court but adjourned and the next date of hearing is 29 July 2021.

Separately, Vedanta Resources Limited has filed a Notice of Claim against the Government of India ('GOI’) under the BIT. Hearing already concluded in May 2019 and award awaited.

Separately Cairn UK Holdings Limited ("CUHL"), on whom the primary liability of income tax lies, had received an Order from the ITAT in the financial year 2016-17 holding that the transaction is taxable in view of the clarificatory amendment in the Act but also acknowledged that amendment being a retrospective transaction, interest

would not be levied. Hence affirming a demand of '10,247 Crore excluding the interest portion that had previously been claimed. Against this demand Tax authorities have recovered '5,863 Crore from the CUHL. Vedanta has also paid interim dividend of '5 Crore to the Tax authorities and thus reducing the liability to '4,384 Crore (March 31,2020: '4,384 Crore).

In related proceedings, the International Arbitration Tribunal ruled unanimously in the case of Cairn Energy Plc that India had breached its obligations under the UK-India Bilateral Investment Treaty (the BIT). The Company understands that Government of India has challenged the ruling before the International Court of Justice at The Hague. As the Cairn Energy Plc Arbitration award received on 23 December 2020 regarding retrospective tax will have a direct influence upon Company’s case, due to the fact that primary liability of paying the income tax is CUHL’s and in this case there is expected to be no income tax liability in the hands of CUHL, the claim of amounts assessed as in default against Company should be eliminated. Further going by the recent ruling of Supreme court in an another unrelated matter, it was held that person under sec 195 can’t be held responsible to do impossible in case of retrospective act. Thus it was impossible for Vedanta Limited (successor in the business of Cairn India Limited) to deduct income tax and can’t be held responsible for default under Section 201. The Company believes that owing to the similarity in the facts of the case it has a good case to argue and accordingly it is unlikely that any liability will devolve upon the Company.

b) Ravva Joint Operations arbitration proceedings ONGC Carry

The Ravva Production Sharing Contract (PSC) obliges the contractor parties to pay a proportionate share of ONGC’s exploration, development, production and contract costs in consideration for ONGC’s payment of costs related to the construction and other activities it conducted in Ravva prior to the effective date of the Ravva PSC (the ONGC Carry). The question as to how the ONGC Carry is to be recovered and calculated, along with other issues, was submitted to an International Arbitration Tribunal in August 2002 which rendered a decision on the ONGC Carry in favour of the contractor parties (including Vedanta Limited (Cairn India Limited which subsequently merged with Vedanta Limited, accordingly now referred to as Vedanta Limited)) whereas four other issues were decided in favour of Government of India (GOI) in October 2004 (Partial Award). The GOI then proceeded to challenge the ONGC Carry decision before the Malaysian courts, as Kuala Lumpur was the seat of the arbitration. The Federal Court of Malaysia upheld the Partial Award. As the Partial Award did not quantify the sums, therefore, contractor parties

Final Award in the subject matter since it had retained the jurisdiction to do so. The Arbitral Tribunal was reconstituted and the Final Award was passed in October 2016 in Company’s favour. GOI’s challenge of the Final Award has been dismissed by the Malaysian High Court and the next appellate court in Malaysia i.e. Malaysian Court of Appeal. GOI then filed an appeal at Federal Court of Malaysia. The matter was heard on 28 February 2019 and the Federal Court dismissed GOI’s leave to appeal. The Company has also filed for the enforcement of the Partial Award and Final Award before the Hon'ble Delhi High Court. The matter is now listed for hearing on 13 July 2021.

Base Development Cost

Ravva joint operations had received a claim from the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, Government of India (GOI) for the period from 2000-2005 for '946 Crore (US$129 million) for an alleged underpayment of profit petroleum (by recovering higher Base Development Costs ("BDC") against the cap imposed in the PSC) to the Government of India (GOI), out of which, Vedanta Limited’s (Cairn India Limited which subsequently merged with Vedanta Limited, accordingly now referred to as Vedanta Limited) share will be '213 Crore (US$29 million) plus interest. Joint venture partners initiated the arbitration proceedings and Arbitration Tribunal published the Award in January 2011 allowing claimants (including the Company) to recover the development costs spent to the tune of '2,038 Crore (US$278 million) and disallowed over run of '161 Crore (US$22 million) spent in respect of BDC along with 50% legal costs. Finally, Supreme Court of India on 16 September 2020 pronounced the order in favour of Vedanta, rejecting all objections of the GOI and allowed enforcement of the Arbitration Award. With the Supreme Court order the Ravva BDC Matter stands closed.

In connection with the above two matters, the Company has received an order dated 22 October 2018 from the GOI directing oil marketing companies (OMCs) who are the offtakers of Ravva Crude to divert the sale proceeds to GOI’s account. GOI alleges that the Ravva Joint Operations (consisting of four joint venture partners) has short paid profit petroleum of '2,302 Crore (US$314 million) (the Company’s share approximately - '682 Crore (US$93 million)) on account of the two disputed issues of ONGC Carry and BDC matters, out of which '469 Crore (US$64 million) pertains to ONGC Carry and '213 Crore (US$29 million) pertains to BDC Matter. Against an interim application, filed by the Company along with one of its joint venture partner, for seeking stay of such action from GOI, before the Hon'ble Delhi High Court, the Court directed the OMCs to deposit above sums to the Delhi High Court for both BDC and ONGC Carry matters. However, the Company (and other joint venture

partner) has been given the liberty to seek withdrawal of the amounts from the Court upon furnishing a bank guarantee of commensurate value. On the basis of the above direction, the OMCs have deposited '682 Crore (US$93 million) out of which '616 Crore (US$84 million) has been withdrawn post submission of bank guarantee. The Hon’ble Delhi High Court vide its order dated 28 May 2020 read with order dated 04 June 2020 has directed that all future sale proceeds of Ravva Crude w.e.f. 05 June 2020 be paid directly to Vedanta Limited by the OMCs.

In view of the closure of the BDC matter, the Company has also filed an application in HC on 22 September 2020 seeking refund of remaining '66 Crore (US$9 million) and release of bank guarantees submitted in Court pertaining to the BDC matter, out of which '147 Crore (US$20 million) have since been received by Vedanta.

During the proceedings of the above matter, GOI has also filed an interim application seeking deposit by the said OMCs of an amount of '638 Crore (US$87 million) (Company’s share of '410 Crore (US$56 million)) towards interest on the alleged short payment of profit petroleum by the petitioners i.e. the Company (and other joint venture partner). The matter has been listed for hearing on 13 July 2021 along with ONGC carry case.

While the Company does not believe the GOI will be successful in its challenge, if the Arbitral Awards in above matters are reversed and such reversals are binding, Company would be liable for approximately '469 Crore (US$64 million) plus interest. (31 March 2020: '479 Crore (US$64 million) plus interest).

c) Proceedings related to the imposition of entry tax

The Company challenged the constitutional validity of the local statutes and related notifications in the states of Odisha and Rajasthan pertaining to the levy of entry tax on the entry of goods brought into the respective states from outside. Post some contradictory orders of High Courts across India adjudicating on similar challenges, the Supreme Court referred the matters to a nine judge bench. Post a detailed hearing, although the bench rejected the compensatory nature of tax as a ground of challenge, it maintained status quo with respect to all other issues which have been left open for adjudication by regular benches hearing the matters.

Following the order of the nine judge bench, the regular bench of the Supreme Court proceeded with hearing the matters. The regular bench remanded the entry tax matters relating to the issue of discrimination against domestic goods bought from other States to the respective High Courts for final determination but retained the issue ofjurisdiction for levy on imported goods, for determination by the regular bench of the Supreme Court. Following the order of the Supreme Court, the Company filed writ petitions in respective High Courts.

On 09 October 2017, the Supreme Court has held that states have the jurisdiction to levy entry tax on imported goods. With this Supreme Court judgement, imported goods will rank pari-passu with domestic goods for the purpose of levy of Entry tax. The Company has amended its appeal (writ petitions) in Odisha to include imported goods as well.

The issue pertaining to the levy of entry tax on the movement of goods into a Special Economic Zone (SEZ) remains pending before the Odisha High Court. The Company has challenged the levy of entry tax on any movement of goods into SEZ based on the definition of 'local area’ under the Odisha Entry Tax Act which is very clear and does not include a SEZ. In addition, the Government of Odisha further through its SEZ Policy 2015 and the operational guidelines for administration of this policy dated 22 August 2016, exempted the entry tax levy on SEZ operations.

The total claims against the Company are '1,158 Crore (31 March 2020: '1,112 Crore) net of provisions made.

d) Miscellaneous disputes- Income tax

The Company is involved in various tax disputes amounting to '528 Crore (31 March 2020: '527 Crore) relating to income tax for the periods for which initial assessments have been completed. These mainly relate to the disallowance of tax holiday for 100% Export Oriented Undertaking under section 10B of the Income Tax Act, 1961, disallowance of tax holiday benefit on production of gas under section 80IB of the Income Tax Act, 1961, on account of depreciation disallowances under the Income Tax Act and interest thereon which are pending at various appellate levels.

The Company believes that these disallowances are not tenable and accordingly no provision is considered necessary.

e) Miscellaneous disputes- Others

The Company is subject to various claims and exposures which arise in the ordinary course of conducting and financing its business from the excise, indirect tax authorities and others. These claims and exposures mostly relate to the assessable values of sales and purchases or to incomplete documentation supporting the Company’s returns or other claims.

The approximate value of claims (excluding the items as set out separately above) against the Company totals to '2,596 Crore (31 March 2020: '2,139 Crore)

Based on evaluations of the matters and legal advice obtained, the Company believes that it has strong merits in its favor. Accordingly, no provision is considered at this stage.

Ultimate Controlling party

Vedanta Limited is a majority-owned and controlled subsidiary of Vedanta Resources Limited ('VRL’). Volcan Investments Limited ('Volcan’) and its wholly owned subsidiary together hold 100 % of the share capital and 100 % of the voting rights of VRL. Volcan is 100 % beneficially owned and controlled by the Anil Agarwal Discretionary Trust ('Trust’). Volcan Investments Limited, Volcan Investments Cyprus Limited and other intermediate holding companies except VRL do not produce Group financial statements.

a. The Company reduced its loan receivable from Vedanta Limited ESOS Trust by '57 Crore on exercise of stock options by employees during the year ended 31 March 2021.

b. Bank gaurantee given by Vedanta Limited on behalf of Volcan Investments Limited in favour of Income Tax department, India as collateral in respect of certain ta; disputes of Volcan Investments Limited.

c. In 2017, the Company had executed a three year brand license agreement ("the Agreement”) with Vedanta Resources Ltd ('VRL’) for the use of brand 'Vedanta’ which envisaged payment of brand fee to VRL at 0.75% of turnover of the Company. During the current year, the Agreement was renewed between the parties and certain additional services were also agreed to be provided by VRL. Based on updated benchmarking analysis conducted by independent experts, the brand and strategic service fee was re-negotiated at 2% of turnover of the Company. Accordingly, the Company has recorded an expense of '728 Crore (31 March 2020: '259 Crore) for the year ended 31 March 2021. The Company pays such fee in advance at the start of the year, based on its estimated annual turnover.

d. Vedanta Resources Limited ("VRL”), as a parent company, has provided financial and performance guarantee to the Government of India for erstwhile Cairn India group’s ("Cairn”) obligations under the Production Sharing Contract ('PSC’) provided for onshore block RJ-ON-90/1, for making available financial resources equivalent to Cairn’s share for its obligations under the PSC, personnel and technical services in accordance with industry practices and any other resources in case Cairn is unable to fulfil its obligations under the PSC.

During the current year, the Board of Directors of the Company has approved a consideration to be paid for this guarantee at an annual charge of 1.2%

of net exploration and development spend, subject to a minimum annual fee of '37 crore ($5 million), applicable from April 2020 onwards to be paid in ratio of participating interests held equally by the Company and its step-down subsidiary, Cairn Energy Hydrocarbons Ltd ("CEHL”).

Similarly, VRL has also provided financial and performance guarantee to the Government of India for the Company’s obligations under the Revenue Sharing Contract ('RSC’) in respect of 51 Blocks awarded under the Open Acreage Licensing Policy ("OALP”) by the Government of India. During the current year, the Board of Directors of the Company has approved a consideration to be paid for this guarantee consisting of one-time charge of '183 crore ($25 million), i.e., 2.5% of the total estimated cost of initial exploration phase of approx. '7,330 crore ($1 billion) and an annual charge of 1% of spend, subject to a minimum fee of '73 crore ($10 million) and maximum fee of '147 crore ($20 million) per annum.

Accordingly, the Company has recorded a guarantee commission expense of '133 crore ($18 million) [2020: Nil] for the year ended 31 March 2021 and '161 crore ($22 million) (PY Nil) is outstanding as a pre-payment.

During the year ended 31 March 2021, the Company had renewed loan provided to Sterlite Iron and Steel Company Limited to finance project in earlier years. The loan balance as at 31 March 2021 was '5 Crore (March 31,2020: '5 Crore). The loan is unsecured in nature and carries an interest rate of 7.15% per annum. The loan was due in March 2021 and the agreement was renewed for a further period of 12 months.

During the year, the Company has recognised a provision of '16 Crore (Including accrued interest of '11 Crore) against said loan.

38 SUBSEQUENTEVENTS

As per information received from Vedanta Resources Limited ("VRL" or "Acquirer"), VRL together with Twin Star Holdings Limited, Vedanta Holdings Mauritius Limited and Vedanta Holdings Mauritius II Limited, as persons acting in concert with the Acquirer ("PACs"), have acquired 374,231,161 equity shares of the Company under the voluntary open offer made to the public shareholders of the Company in accordance with the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Substantial Acquisition of Shares and Takeovers) Regulations, 2011 and thereby increasing the shareholding of VRL and its subsidiaries in the Company from the current 55.1% to 65.18%.

There are no other material adjusting or non-adjusting subsequent events, except as already disclosed.

(a) None of the loanee have made, per se, investment in the shares of the Company.

(b) Investments made by Sterlite Ports Limited in Maritime Ventures Private Limited - 10,000 equity shares and Goa Sea Port - 50,000 equity shares

Investments made by Sesa Resources Limited in Sesa Mining Corporation Limited - 11,50,000 equity shares and Goa Maritime Private Limited- 5,000 Shares

41 OIL & GAS RESERVES AND RESOURCES

The Company's gross reserve estimates are updated atleast annually based on the forecast of production profiles, determined on an asset-by-asset basis, using appropriate petroleum engineering techniques. The estimates of reserves and resources have been derived in accordance with the Society for Petroleum Engineers "Petroleum Resources Management System (2018)". The changes to the reserves are generally on account of future development

42 OTHER MATTERS

a) The Company is purchasing bauxite under long term linkage arrangement with Orissa Mining Corporation Ltd (hereafter referred as OMC) at provisional price of '1,000/MT from October 2020 onwards based on interim order dated 08 October 2020 of the Hon’ble High Court of Odisha, which is subject to final outcome of the writ petition filed by the Company as mentioned below.

The last successful e-auction based price discovery was done by OMC in April 2019 at INR 673/MT and supplied bauxite at this rate from Sep 2019 to Sep 2020 against an undertaking furnished by the Company to compensate any differential price discovered through future successful national e-auctions. Though OMC conducted the next e-auction on 31 August 2020 with floor price of '1,707/MT determined on the basis of Rule 45 of Minerals Concession Rules, 2016 (hereafter referred as the Rules), no bidder participated at that floor price and hence the auction was not successful. However, OMC raised demand of '281 Crore on the Company towards differential pricing and interest for bauxite supplied till Sep 2020 considering the auction base price of INR 1,707/MT.

The Company had then filed a writ petition before Hon’ble High Court of Odisha in September 2020 for resumption of bauxite supply in accordance with applicable Government of Odisha Gazette notification dated 24 February 2018. Hon’ble High Court has issued interim Order dated 08 October 2020 directing that the petitioner shall be permitted to lift the quantity of bauxite mutually agreed under the terms of the long-term linkage arrangement for the remaining period of the financial year 202021 on payment of '1,000/MT and furnishing an undertaking for the differential amount, with the floor price arrived at by OMC under the rules, along with applicable interest, subject to final outcome of the writ petition.

OMC re-conducted e-auction on March 9, 2021 with floor price of '2,011/MT determined on the basis of the Rules. However, again as no bidder participated at that floor price, the auction was not successful.

On 18th Mar-21, Cuttack HC issued an order disposing off the writ petition, directing that the

the order of the NGT and the same was heard by the Court on 11 September 2020 and granted an ad interim stay against recoveries in pursuance of NGT order. Management believes that the outcome of the appeal will not have any significant adverse financial impact on the Company which is supported by a legal opinion obtained.

(c ) Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change ("MOEF&CC") has revised emission norms for coal-based power plants in India Accordingly, both captive and independent coal-based power plants in India are required to comply with these revised norms for reduction of sulphur oxide (SOx) emissions for which the current plant infrastructure is to be modified or new equipments have to be installed. The regulatory

current arrangement of bauxite price @ 1000/T will continue for the FY 2021-22.

Supported by legal opinions obtained, management believes that the provisions of Rule 45 of Minerals Concession Rules, 2016 are not applicable to commercial sale of bauxite ore and hence, it is not probable that the Company will have any financial obligation towards the aforesaid commitments over and above the price of '673/MT discovered vide last successful e-auction. Accordingly, the Company has not recognised above referred OMC debit note of '281 Crore in respect of bauxite procured till September 2020 and further differential price of '130 Crore for subsequent procurements from 01 October 2020 till 31 March 2021.

However, as an abundant precaution, the company has recognised purchase of Bauxite from October 2020 onwards at the at the aforesaid rate of INR 1,000/MT in line with the Odisha High court interim order dated 08 October 2020.

b) In terms of various notifications issued by the

Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC), ash produced from thermal power plant is required to be disposed of by the Company in the manner specified in those notifications. However compliance with manner of disposal as specified in those notifications is not fully achieved due to lack of demand from user agencies side. Consequently, the Company is storing the ash produced in ash dyke in accordance with conditions of the Environmental Clearance & Consent to Operate granted by the MOEF&CC, Office of State Pollution Control Board (OSPCB) & Chhattisgarh Environment Conservation Board (CECB) respectively as well as supplying the same to user agencies. Management believes storage of ash in ash dykes/ ash pond in accordance with environmental clearances received by the Company are sufficient compliance with the applicable notifications issued by MoEF&CC which is supported by a legal opinion obtained.

The National Green Tribunal (NGT) has also taken cognizance of the matter and vide its order dated 12 February 2020 has ordered for levy of environmental compensation on generating companies on account of their failure to comply the aforesaid notifications. The Company has filed SLPs before the Hon’ble Supreme Court challenging

authorities vide notification dated 31 March 2021 have extended the timelines and now power plants of Vedanta Limited is required to comply with the norms by December 2024.

(d) During the current year, the Company entered into a '10,000 Crore long-term syndicated loan facility agreement. This loan is secured by the way of pledge over the shares held by the Company in Hindustan Zinc Limited (HZL) representing 14.82% of the paid up share capital of HZL along-with a non-disposal undertaking in respect of its shareholding in HZL to the extent of 50.1% of the paid up share capital of HZL. As at 31 March 2021 the principal amount participated for and outstanding under the facility is '8,650 Crore.


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