2.14 Provisions and Contingent Liabilities
Provisions are recognized when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive} as a result of a
past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle
the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Provisions are measured
at the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the Balance sheet date.
If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted to reflect its present value using
a current pre-tax rate that reflects the current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks
specific to the obligation. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time
is recognized as a finance cost.
Contingent liabilities are disclosed when there is a possible obligation arising from past events, the existence
of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events
not wholly within the control of the Company or a present obligation that arises from past events where it is
either not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation or a reliable estimate
of the amount cannot be made.
2.15 Inventories
Inventories are valued at lower of cost on FIFO basis and net realizable value after providing for obsolescence
and other losses, where considered necessary. Cost includes all charges in bringing the goods to their present
location and condition, including octroy and other levies, transit insurance and receiving charges. Work-in¬
progress and finished goods include appropriate proportion of overheads and, where applicable, excise duty.
Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs
of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.
2.16 Non-derivative financial instruments
Financial assets and liabilities are recognized when the Company becomes a party to the contractual
provisions of the instrument. Financial assets and liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction
costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other
than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from
the fair value measured on initial recognition of financial asset or financial liability.
a. Financial assets- Subsequent measurement
Financial assets at amortized cost: Financial assets are subsequently measured at amortized cost if these
financial assets are held within a business whose objective is to hold these assets in order to collect
contractual cash flows and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows
that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI): Financial assets are measured
at fair value through other comprehensive income if these financial assets are held within a business whose
objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows that give rise on specified dates to solely
payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding and by selling financial assets.
b. Financial liabilities - Subsequent measurement
Financial liabilities are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. The measurement of
financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below:
Loans and borrowings: After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently
measured at amortized cost on accrual basis.
Composite financial Instrument: The fair value of the liability portion of an optionally convertible bond is
determined using a market interest rate for an equivalent non-convertible bond. This amount is recorded as
a liability on an amortized cost basis until extinguished on conversion or redemption of the bonds. The
remainder of the proceeds is attributable to the equity portion of the compound instrument. This is
recognized and included in shareholders' equity.
De-recognition
A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged, cancelled or
expires.
c. Offsetting of financial instruments:
Financial assets and financial liabilities are set and the net amount is reported in financial statements if there
is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a
net basis, to realize the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.
2.17 Borrowing costs
General and specific borrowing costs (including exchange differences arising from foreign currency
borrowing to the extent that they are regarded as an adjustment to interest cost) that are directly attributable
to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are capitalized during the period of time
that is required to complete and prepare the asset for its intended use or sale. Qualifying assets are assets that
necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale.
Investment income earned on the temporary investment of specific borrowings pending their expenditure on
qualifying assets is deducted from the borrowing costs eligible for capitalization. Other borrowing costs are
expensed in the period in which they are incurred.
2.18 Employee Benefits
Employee benefits consist of Short-Term Employment benefits such salary, bonus, commission etc, and
contribution to employees' state insurance, provident fund, gratuity fund and compensated absences.
Post-employment benefit plans Defined Contribution Plans Contributions to defined contribution schemes
such as Company's provident fund contribution is made to a government administered fund and charged as
an expense to the Statement of Profit and Loss. The above benefits are classified as Defined Contribution
Schemes as the Company has no further defined obligations beyond the monthly contributions.
2.19 Earnings per share (EPS)
Basic EPS is computed by dividing the profit or loss attributable to the equity shareholders of the Company
by the weighted average number of Ordinary shares outstanding during the year. Diluted EPS is computed by
adjusting the profit or loss attributable to the ordinary equity shareholders and the weighted average number
of ordinary equity shares, for the effects of all dilutive potential Ordinary shares.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements:
The Ministry of Corporate Affairs [MCA] notifies new standards or amendments to the existing standards
under Companies [Indian Accounting Standards] Rules as issued from time to time. During the year ended
31st March, 2025 MCA has notified amendments to Ind AS 116 - Leases relating to sale and lease back
transactions, applicable from April 1, 2024. The Company has reviewed the new amendments and based on
evaluation there is no significant impact on its financial statements.
On 07th May, 2025 MCA notifies the amendments to Ind AS 21 - Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates.
These amendments aim to provide clearer guidance on assessing currency exchangeability and estimating
exchange rates when currencies are not readily exchangeable.
The amendments are effective for the year beginning 1st April, 2025. The Company has reviewed the new
amendments and based on evaluation there is no significant impact on its financial statements.
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