k) Provisions, Contingent liabilities and Contingent Assets
Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events, it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation and the amount can be reliably estimated. Provisions are not recognised for future operating losses.
Provisions are measured at the present value of management's best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period. The discount rate used to determine the present value is a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. The increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as interest expense.
Contingent Liabilities are disclosed in respect of possible obligations that arise from past events but their existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or where any present obligation cannot be measured in terms of future outflow of resources or where a reliable estimate of the obligation cannot be made. The Company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.
Contingent assets usually arise from unplanned or other unexpected events that give rise to the possibility of an inflow of economic benefits to the entity. Contingent assets are not recognised in financial statements since this may result in the recognition of income that may never be realised. However, when the realisation of income is virtually certain, then the related asset is not a contingent asset and is recognised.
l) Revenue recognition
The Company recognises revenue when the amount of revenue can be reliably measured, it is probable that future economic benefits will flow to the Company and specific criteria have been met for each of the Company's activities as described below
Sale of goods
Revenue from sale of goods is recognised when control of the products being sold is transferred to our customers and there are no longer any unfulfilled obligations. The performance obligations in our contracts are fulfilled at the time of dispatch, delivery or upon formal customer acceptance depending on customer terms.
Sale of Services
Sale of Service Income is recognised on rendering of related services.
Sales Return
The Company recognises provision for sales return, on the basis of mutual satisfaction which is measured at the Sales value excluding taxes & duties.
Other operating revenue:
Export Incentives under various schemes are accounted in the year in which right to receive is irrevocably established.
Other revenue:
Interest income is recognized on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the applicable rate of interest.
Interest received on delayed payment is accounted on receipt basis.
Revenue in respect of insurance/other claims, etc., is recognized only when it is reasonably certain that the ultimate collection will be made.
Dividends
Dividends are generally recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss only when the right to receive payment is established.
m) Employee benefits
Short-term obligations
Liabilities for wages and salaries, including non-monetary benefits that are expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service are recognised in respect of employees' services up to the end of the reporting period and are measured at the amounts expected to be paid when the liabilities are settled.
Other long-term employee benefit obligations
The liabilities for earned leave and sick leave that are not expected to be settled wholly within 12 months are measured as the present value of expected future payments to be made in respect of services provided by employees up to the end of the reporting period using the projected unit credit method.
Post-employment obligations
The Company operates the following post-employment schemes:
(a) defined benefit plans such as gratuity; and
(b) defined contribution plans such as provident fund.
Defined Benefit obligations
The liability or asset recognised in the balance sheet in respect of defined benefit gratuity plan is the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the end of the reporting period less the fair value of plan assets. The defined benefit obligation is calculated annually by actuaries using the projected unit credit method as per Requirement of Ind AS -19 - Employee Benefit.
The present value of the defined benefit obligation is determined by discounting the estimated future cash outflows by reference to market yields at the end of the reporting period on government bonds that have terms approximating to the terms of the related obligation.
The net interest cost is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net balance of the defined benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets. This cost is included in employee benefit expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Remeasurement gains and losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in the period in which they occur, directly in other comprehensive income. They are included in retained earnings in the statement of changes in equity and in the balance sheet.
Defined Contribution Plans
Defined Contribution Plans such as Provident Fund, etc., are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred.
Termination benefits
Termination benefits are payable when employment is terminated by the Company before the normal retirement date, or when an employee accepts voluntary redundancy in exchange for these benefits. The Company recognises termination benefits at the earlier of the following dates: (a) when the Company can no longer withdraw the offer of those benefits; and (b) when the Company recognises costs for a restructuring that is within the scope of Ind AS 37 and involves the payment of terminations benefits. In the case of an offer made to encourage voluntary redundancy, the termination benefits are measured based on the number of employees expected to accept the offer. Benefits falling due more than 12 months after the end of the reporting period are discounted to present value.
n) Foreign Currency Transactions:
(i) Functional and presentation currency
The financial statements are presented in Indian rupee (INR), which is Company's functional and presentation currency.
(ii) Transactions and balances
Transactions in foreign currencies are recognised at the prevailing exchange rates on the transaction dates. Realised gains and losses on settlement of foreign currency transactions are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Monetary foreign currency assets and liabilities at the year-end are translated at the year-end exchange rates and the resultant exchange differences are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the dates of the initial transactions.
o) Lessee
As a Lessee
At inception of a contract, the Company assesses whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. A contract is or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.
The Company recognises a Right-of-Use (ROU) asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date. The ROU asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payment made at or before the commencement date, plus any initial direct cost incurred and an estimate of costs to dismantle and remove the underlying asset or to restore the underlying asset or the site on which it is located, less any lease incentive received.
The ROU asset is subsequently depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date to the earlier of the end of the useful life of the ROU asset or the end of the lease term. The estimated useful lives of ROU assets are determined on the same basis as those of Property, Plant and Equipment. In addition, the ROU asset is periodically reduced by impairment losses, if any, and adjusted for certain remeasurements of the lease liability.
The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the Company's incremental borrowing rate. Generally, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate.
Short-term leases and leases of low-value assets
The Company has elected not to recognise right-to-use assets and lease liabilities for short-term lease that have a lease term of 12 months or less and leases of low-value assets. The Company recognises the lease payments associated with these leases as expenses on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
p) Income taxes
The income tax expense or credit for the period is the tax payable on the current period's taxable income based on the applicable income tax rate adjusted by changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities attributable to temporary differences and to unused tax losses.
Deferred income tax is provided in full, using the liability method on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amount in the financial statement. Deferred income tax is determined using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantially enacted by the end of the reporting period and are excepted to apply when the related deferred income tax assets is realised or the deferred income tax liability is settled.
Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences and unused tax losses, only if, it is probable that future taxable amounts will be available to utilise those temporary differences and losses.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities and when the deferred tax balances relate to the same taxation authority. Current tax assets and tax liabilities are off set where the Company has a legally enforceable right to offset and intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
Current and deferred tax is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case, the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.
q) Earnings Per Share Basic earnings per share
Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing:
• the profit attributable to owners of the Company
• weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the financial year, adjusted for bonus elements in equity shares issued during the year and excluding treasury shares.
Diluted earnings per share
Diluted earnings per share adjusts the figures used in the determination of basic earnings per share to take into account:
• the after income tax effect of interest and other financing costs associated with dilutive potential equity shares, and
• the weighted average number of additional equity shares that would have been outstanding assuming the conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares.
r) Cash Flow Statement
The Cash Flow statement is prepared by the “Indirect method” set out in Ind AS-7 on “Cash Flow Statement" and presents the cash flows by operating, investing and financing activities of the Company. Cash and cash Equivalent presented in the cash flow statement consist of cash on hand and demand deposits with banks.
s) Impairment of Assets:
The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an indication that a non-financial asset may be impaired based on internal/external factors. An asset is treated as impaired when the carrying cost of asset exceeds its recoverable Value. An impairment loss is charged to the statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which an asset is identified as impaired. The impairment loss recognized in earlier accounting period is reversed if there has been a change in the estimate of recoverable amount. After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.
t) Exceptional items
Exceptional items are disclosed separately in the financial statements where it is necessary to do so to provide further understanding of the financial performance of the company. These material items of income or expense have to be shown separately due to their nature or incidence.
18.1 Nature and purpose of reserves Capital reserve
Capital Reserve will be utilised in accordance with provisions of the Act.
Capital Redemption Reserve
Capital Redemption Reserve represents reserve created during buy back of Equity Shares and it is a nondistributable reserve.
General Reserve
General Reserve has been created by transfer out of profits generated by the Company and is available for distribution to shareholders.
Retained Earnings
Retained earnings are the profits that the Company has earned till date including effect of remeasurement of defined benefit obligations less any transfers to general reserve, dividends or other distributions paid to shareholders. Retained Earnings is a free reserve available to the Company.
42. Financial Instruments - Fair Values & Risk Management 42.1. Accounting Classifications & Fair Value Measurements
The fair values of the financial assets and liabilities are measured at the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties, other than in a forced or liquidation sale.
All financial instruments are initially recognized and subsequently re-measured at fair value or amortized cost as described below :
1. Fair values of cash and short term deposits, trade and other short term receivables, trade payables, other current liabilities, short term loans from banks and other financial institutions approximate their carrying amounts largely due to short-term maturities of these instruments.
2. Financial instruments with fixed and variable interest rates are evaluated by the Company based on parameters such as interest rates and individual credit worthiness of the counterparty. Based on the evaluation, allowances are taken to account for the expected losses of these receivables.
The company uses the following hierarchy for determining and disclosing the fair values of financial instruments by valuation technique:
Level 1 : Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 : Inputs other than the quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly.
Level 3 : Input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.
42.2 Financial Risk Management
The Company's Board of Directors has overall responsibility for the establishment and oversight of the company's risk management framework. The company's risk management policies are established to identify and analyse the risks faced by the company, to set appropriate risk limits and controls and to monitor risks. Risk management policies and systems are reviewed regularly to reflect changes in market conditions and the company's activities.
42.2.1. Credit Risk Management
Credit risk is the risk that a counterparty will not meet its obligations under a financial instrument or customer contract, leading to a financial loss. The carrying amount of following financial assets represents the maximum credit exposure.
Trade Receivables
Trade receivables are non-interest bearing. To manage credit risk in respect of trade receivables, the Company periodically assesses the financial reliability of customers, taking into account the financial condition, current economic trends and ageing of accounts receivable. Individual risk limits are set accordingly.
The requirement of impairment of trade receivable is analysed as each reporting date. Based on historic default rates and overall credit worthiness of customers, management believes that no impairment allowance is required in respect of outstanding trade receivables as on 31st March, 2024.
42.2.2 Liquidity Risk
Liquidity Risk is defined as the risk that the company will not be able to settle or meet its obligations on time or at reasonable price. The Company's treasury department is responsible for liquidity, funding as well as settlement management. In addition, processes and policies related to such risks are overseen by senior management. Management monitors the company's net liquidity position through rolling forecast on the basis of expected cash flows.
42.2.4 Interest Rate Risk
Interest rate risk is the risk that fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates. In order to optimize the company's position with regards to the interest income and interest expenses and to manage the interest rate risk, treasury performs a comprehensive corporate interest rate risk management by balancing the proportion of fixed rate and floating rate financial instruments in its total portfolio. The Company does not have any borrowings with floating interest rate as on 31st March, 2024.
42.2.5 Commodity Price Risk
Principal Raw Material for company's products is Crushed Bone and Lime. Company sources its raw material requirements from domestic markets. Domestic market price generally remains in line with international market prices. Volatility in bone prices, currency fluctuation of rupee vis a vis other prominent currencies coupled with demand-supply scenario in the world market affect the effective price of bone and Lime. Company effectively manages availability of material as well as price volatility through well planned procurement and inventory strategy and also through appropriate contracts and commitments.
Sensitivity Analysis
The table below summarises the impact of increase/decrease in prices of Crushed Bone and Lime by ' 1 per kg on profit for the period.
54 The Parliament of India has approved the Code on Social Security, 2020 (the Code) which may impact the contributions by the Company towards provident fund, gratuity and ESIC. The Ministry of Labour and Employment has released draft rules for the Code on November 13, 2020. Final rules are yet to be notified. The Company will assess the impact of the Code when it comes into effect and will record related impact, if any.
55 The Company evaluates events and transactions that occur subsequent to the Balance Sheet date prior to the approval of the financial statements to determine the necessity for recognition and/or reporting of any of these events and transactions in the Financial Statements. As of 30th April, 2024 there was no subsequent event to be recognised or reported that are not already disclosed elsewhere in these Financial Statements.
56 The Company does not hold any benami property as defined under the Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Act, 1988 (45 of 1988) and the rules made thereunder. No proceeding has been initiated or pending against the company for holding any benami property under the Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Act, 1988 (45 of 1988) and the rules made thereunder.
57 The Company does not have any transactions with companies struck off.
58 The Company does not have any charges or satisfaction, which is yet to be registered with ROC beyond the statutory period.
59 The Company has not traded or invested in crypto currency or virtual currency during the financial year.
60 The Company does not have any such trasaction which is not recorded in the books of accounts that has been surrendered or disclosed as income during the year in the tax assessments under the Income Tax Act, 1961 (Such as, search or survey or any other relevant provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961).
61 The Company have not advanced or loaned or invested funds to any other person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities (Intermediaries) with the understanding that the Intermediary shall:
(a) directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the company (Ultimate Beneficiaries) or
(b) provide any guarantee, security or the like to or on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.
62 The Company have not received any fund from any person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities (Funding Party) with the understanding (whether recorded in writing or otherwise) that the Company shall:
(a) directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Funding Party (Ultimate Beneficiaries) or
(b) provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.
63 Previous year's figures have been regrouped/re-arranged/recasted, wherever necessary, so as to make them comparable with current year's figures.
As per our attached report of even date For and on behalf of the Board
For Mahendra N. Shah & Co.
Chartered Accountants Viren C. Mirani Ashwini Agarwal
FRN 105775W Chairman & Managing Director (DIN: 00362480)
(DIN: 00044901) Vaibhav S. Pittie
Shefali V. Mirani (DIN: 07643342)
Executive Director Malay M.Khimji
Chirag M. Shah (Din: 03107547) (DIN: 00402675)
Partner Tanaya T. Daryanani Bharati A.Mongia
Mem. No.: 045706 Company Secretary (DIN: 01858267)
Place : Ahmedabad Mem. No. A37181 Directors
Date : 30th April, 2024 Place : Mumbai
Date : 30th April, 2024 Vishakha H. Purohit
Chief Financial Officer
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