The loan, amounting to Rs. 1,250 lakhs was borrowed from the Subsidiary company Adita Bio Sys Private Limited. The loan is repayable after 5 years from the date of loan. The loan carries interest at the rate of 12% payable at the time of repayment of the loan.

The Company's principal financial liabilities comprise borrowings, trade and other payables. The main purpose of these financial liabilities is to finance the Company's operations. The Company's principal financial assets include loans, trade and other receivables, cash and cash equivalents and other bank balances that derive directly from its operations. The Company also holds investment in its subsidiaries.

The carrying amounts of trade receivables, trade payables and cash and bank balances are considered to be the same as their fair values, due to their short-term nature. The difference between carrying amounts and fair values of bank deposits, other financial assets, other financial liabilities and borrowings subsequently measured at amortised cost is not significant in each of the years presented.

28. Financial risk management objectives and policies

The possible risk to the Company is financial risk such as Market Risk (Interest Rate Risk, fluctuation in foreign exchange rates and price risk), credit risk and liquidity risk. The general risk management program of the Company focuses on the unpredictability of the financial markets and attempts to minimize their potential negative influence on the financial performance of the Company. The Company continuously reviews its risk exposures and takes measures to limit it to acceptable levels. The Board of Directors have the overall responsibility for the establishment and oversight of the Company's risk management framework.

Market risk

Market risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market prices. Market risk comprises three types of risk i.e. interest rate risk, foreign currency risk and other price risk. Financial instruments of the Company affected by market risk include borrowings and deposits. The company does not hold any financial instruments which have market risk.

Price risk

The Company does not have any investments which are classified in the balance sheet either as fair value through OCI or at fair value through profit or loss. Hence, the Company is not exposed to any price risk.

Credit risk

Credit risk is the risk arising from credit exposure to customers and the counterparty will default on its contractual obligations.

The Company has adopted a policy of only dealing with creditworthy customers/ corporates to minimise collection losses. Credit Control team assesses the credit quality of the customers, their financial position, past experience in payments and other relevant factors. Advance payments are obtained from customers in banquets, as a means of mitigating the risk of financial loss from defaults.

The carrying amount of trade and other receivables, advances to suppliers, cash and short-term deposits and interest receivable on deposits represents company's maximum exposure to the credit risk. No other financial asset carries a significant exposure with respect to the credit risk. Deposits and cash balances are placed with Schedule Commercial banks.

An impairment analysis is performed at each reporting date on an individual basis for major clients. In addition, a large number of minor receivables are assessed for impairment collectively. The maximum exposure to credit risk at the reporting date is the carrying value of each class of financial assets.

Financial instruments and cash deposits

Credit risk from balances with banks and financial institutions is managed by the Company's treasury department in accordance with the Company's policy.

Liquidity risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will have difficulty in raising the financial resources required to fulfil its commitments.

Liquidity risk is held at low levels through effective cash flow management. Cash flow forecasting is performed internally by rolling forecasts of the Company's liquidity requirements to ensure that it has sufficient cash to meet operational requirements, to fund scheduled capex and debt repayments and to comply with the terms of financing documents.

Defined benefit plans

The Company provides for gratuity to employees as per the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972. Under the gratuity plan, every employee who has completed at least five years of service gets a gratuity on departure @ 15 days of last drawn salary for each completed year of service. The level of benefits provided depends on the member's length of service and salary at retirement age.

Risk exposure

These defined benefit plans typically expose the Company to actuarial risks as under:

Actuarial Risk:

It is the risk that benefits will cost more than expected. This can arise due to one of the following reasons:

Adverse Salary Growth Experience: Salary hikes that are higher than the assumed salary escalation will result into an increase in Obligation at a rate that is higher than expected.

Variability in mortality rates: If actual mortality rates are higher than assumed mortality rate assumption than the Gratuity Benefits will be paid earlier than expected. Since there is no condition of vesting on the death benefit, the acceleration of cashflow will lead to an actuarial loss or gain depending on the relative values of the assumed salary growth and discount rate.

Variability in withdrawal rates: If actual withdrawal rates are higher than assumed withdrawal rate assumption than the Gratuity Benefits will be paid earlierthan expected. The impact of this will depend on whether the benefits are vested as at the resignation date.

Investment Risk:

For funded plans that rely on insurers for managing the assets, the value of assets certified by the insurer may not be the fair value of instruments backing the liability. In such cases, the present value of the assets is independent of the future discount rate. This can result in wide fluctuations in the net liability or the funded status if there are significant changes in the discount rate during the intervaluation period.

Liquidity Risk:

Employees with high salaries and long durations or those higher in hierarchy, accumulate significant level of benefits. If some of such employees resign/retire from the company, there can be strain on the cashflows.

Market Risk:

Market risk is a collective term for risks that are related to the changes and fluctuations of the financial markets. One actuarial assumption that has a material effect is the discount rate. The discount rate reflects the time value of money. An increase in discount rate leads to decrease in Defined Benefit Obligation of the plan benefits & vice versa. This assumption depends on the yields on the corporate/government bonds and hence the valuation of liability is exposed to fluctuations in the yields as at the valuation date.

Legislative Risk:

Legislative risk is the risk of increase in the plan liabilities or reduction in the plan assets due to change in the legislation/regulation. The government may amend the Payment of Gratuity Act thus requiring the companies to pay higher benefits to the employees. This will directly affect the present value of the Defined Benefit Obligation and the same will have to be recognized immediately in the year when any such amendment is effective.

31. Segment Reporting

The management has assessed the identification of reportable segments in accordance with the requirements of Ind AS 108 'Operating Segment' and believes that the Company has only one reportable segment namely "Contract Research and Manufacturing Services".

32. Capital management

The Company's policy is to maintain strong capital base so as to maintain investor, creditor and market confidence and to sustain future development of business.

The Company manages its Capital structure through a balanced mix of debt and equity. The Company's capital structure is influenced by the changes in the regulatory frameworks, government policies, available options of financing and impact of the same on liquidity position.

The Company includes within net debt, interest bearing loans and borrowings, less cash and cash equivalents. The Company monitors capital using a gearing ratio, which is net debt divided by total capital plus net debt.