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Valiant Laboratories Ltd. Notes to Accounts
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You can view the entire text of Notes to accounts of the company for the latest year
Market Cap. (Rs.) 581.69 Cr. P/BV 1.75 Book Value (Rs.) 61.13
52 Week High/Low (Rs.) 141/50 FV/ML 10/1 P/E(X) 0.00
Bookclosure 19/07/2025 EPS (Rs.) 0.00 Div Yield (%) 0.00
Year End :2026-03 

(7) Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent
Assets

(a) Provisions

The Company recognizes a provision when: it has a
present legal or constructive obligation as a result of
past events, it is likely that an outflow of resources will
be required to settle the obligation; and the amount has
been reliably estimated. Provisions are not recognized
for future operating losses. Provisions are reviewed at
each balance sheet and adjusted to reflect the current
best estimates.

(b) Contingent liabilities

Contingent liabilities are disclosed in respect of
possible obligations that arise from past event, whose
existence would be confirmed by the occurrence or
non occurrence of one or more uncertain future events
not wholly within the control of the Company. A
contingent liability also arises, in rare cases, where
a liability cannot be recognised because it cannot be
measured reliably.Contingent liabilities are reviewed
at each balance sheet date

(c) Contingent Assets

A contingent assets is not recognised unless it become
virtually certain that an inflow of economic benefit
will arise. When an inflow of economic benefits
is probable, contingent assets are disclosed in the
financial statements. Contingent assets are reviewed
at each balance sheet date

(8) Revenue Recognition

Ind AS 115 applies, with limited exceptions, to all revenue
arising from contracts with its customers. Ind AS 115
establishes a five-step model to account for revenue arising
from contracts with customers and requires that revenue
be recognised at an amount that reflects the consideration
to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange
for transferring goods or services to a customer. Ind AS
115 requires entities to exercise judgment, taking into
consideration all of the relevant facts and circumstances
when applying each step of the model to contracts with
their customers. It also specifies the accounting for the
incremental costs of obtaining a contract and the costs
directly related to fulfilling a contract.

(a) Sale of goods : Revenue from sale of goods is
recognised when control of the products being sold
is transferred to our customer and when there are
no longer any unfulfilled obligations. Income from
services rendered is recognised based on agreements/
arrangements with the customers as the service is
performed and there are no unfulfilled obligations.
The Company recognises revenue from goods sold
and services rendered at Transaction Price which is

the amount of consideration the Company expects to
be entitled to in exchange for transferring promised
goods or services to a customer, excluding the
amounts collected on behalf of a third party. The
Transaction price is net of discounts, sales incentives,
rebates granted, returns, sales taxes, GST and duties
and any other recoverable taxes

Generally, in case of domestic sales, performance
obligations are satisfied when the goods are dispatched
or delivery is handed over to transporter, revenue
from export of goods is recognised at the time of Bill
of lading or airway bill or any other similar document
evidencing delivery thereof.

(b) Interest Income : Interest income from a financial
asset is recognised when it is probable that the
economic benefits will flow to the Company and the
amount of income can be measured reliably. Interest
income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the
principle outstanding and at the effective interest rate
applicable, which is the rate that exactly discounts
estimated future cash receipts through the expected
life of the financial asset to that asset's net carrying
amount on initial recognition.

(c) Dividend income : Dividend income is recognised
when the right to receive the dividend is established, it
is probable that the economic benefits associated with
the dividend will flow to the entity and the amount of
the dividend can be measured reliably.

(d) Export benefits : Export incentives are recognised as
income when the right to receive credit as per the terms
of the scheme is established in respect of the exports
made and where there is no significant uncertainty
regarding the ultimate collection of the relevant export
proceeds.Such export incentives are recorded as part
of other operating revenue

(e) Contract asset & liabilities : Contract assets are
recognised when there is excess of revenue earned
over billings on contracts, excluding amounts
classified as unbilled receivables (only act of invoicing
is pending) when there is unconditional right to
receive cash and only passage of time is required as
per contractual terms.

Contract liabilities are recognised when there are
billings in excess of revenues. Contract liabilities relate
to the advance received from customers and deferred
revenue against which revenue is recognised when or
as the performance obligation is satisfied.

(9) Retirement and other employee benefits

The Company recognizes employee benefits as per the

principles laid down in Indian Accounting Standard (Ind

AS) 19 - Employee Benefits, as set out below:

(a) Short-term Employee Benefits

Short-term employee benefits are those which are
due to be settled wholly within twelve months after
the end of the period in which the employees render
the related services. These include salaries, wages,
bonuses, performance incentives, compensated
absences (if expected to be availed within 12 months),
and other non-monetary benefits. The undiscounted
amount of short-term employee benefits is recognized
as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the
period in which the related service is rendered.

(b) Post Employee Benefits

Post Employee benefits plans are classified into
defined benefits plans and defined contribution
plans as under:

(i) Defined Contribution Plans

The Company's contributions to Provident
Fund and other defined contribution plans are
recognized as an expense in the Statement of Profit
and Loss in the period in which the employees
render services. The Company has no further
obligation beyond its monthly contribution.

(ii) Defined Benefit Plans

The Company provides for gratuity, a defined
benefit plan, in accordance with the Payment of
Gratuity Act, 1972. The liability is determined
using the Projected Unit Credit Method, with
actuarial valuations being carried out at the
end of each reporting period. The defined
benefit liability recognized in the balance sheet
represents the present value of the defined
benefit obligation as reduced by the fair value of
plan assets (if any).

Actuarial gains and losses arising from
experience adjustments and changes in actuarial
assumptions are recognized immediately in
Other Comprehensive Income (OCI) and are not
reclassified to profit or loss in subsequent periods.

Past service cost is recognized immediately in
the Statement of Profit and Loss. The net interest
cost is calculated by applying the discount rate to
the net defined benefit liability or asset.

(c) Other Long-term Employee Benefits

The Company's obligation in respect of other long¬
term employee benefits is the amount of future
benefit that employees have earned in return for their
service in the current and prior periods. That benefit
is discounted to determine its present value. Re¬
measurements are recognised in profit or loss in the
period in which they arise

(d) Termination Benefits

Termination benefits are recognised as an expense
when, as a result of a past event, the Company has a
present obligation that can be estimated reliably, and
it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will
be required to settle the obligation.

(e) Actuarial valuation

The liability in respect of all defined benefit plans
and other long term benefits is accrued in the books
of account on the basis of actuarial valuation carried
out by an independent actuary using the Projected
Unit Credit Method. The obligation is measured at the
present value of estimated future cash flows

Remeasurement gains and losses on other long term
benefits are recognised in the Statement of Profit and
Loss in the year in which they arise. Remeasurement
gains and losses in respect of all defined benefit plans
arising from experience adjustments and changes in
actuarial assumptions are recognised in the period
in which they occur, directly in other comprehensive
income. They are included in other equity in the
Statement of Changes in Equity and in the Balance
Sheet. Changes in the present value of the defined
benefit obligation resulting from plan amendments
or curtailments are recognised immediately in profit
or loss as past service cost. Gains or losses on the
curtailment or settlement of any defined benefit plan
are recognised when the curtailment or settlement
occurs. Any differential between the plan assets (for
a funded defined benefit plan) and the defined benefit
obligation as per actuarial valuation is recognised as a
liability if it is a deficit or as an asset if it is a surplus (to
the extent of the lower of present value of any economic
benefits available in the form of refunds from the plan
or reduction in future contribution to the plan).

Past service cost is recognised as an expense in the
Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis
over the average period until the benefits become
vested. To the extent that the benefits are already
vested immediately following the introduction of, or
changes to, a defined benefit plan, the past service cost
is recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit
and Loss. Past service cost may be either positive
(where benefits are introduced or improved) or
negative (where existing benefits are reduced).

10) Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs include interest, other costs incurred
in connection with borrowing and exchange differences
arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent
that they are regarded as an adjustment to the interest cost.
General and specific borrowing costs directly attributable
to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying

assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantial
period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale,
are added to the cost of those assets, until such time as the
assets are substantially ready for their intended use or sale.
All other borrowing costs are recognised in the Statement of
profit and loss in the period in which they are incurred

In determining the amount of borrowing costs eligible for
capitalization during a period, any income earned on the
temporary investment of those borrowings is deducted
from the borrowing costs incurred.

(11) Exceptional items

Exceptional items refer to items of income or expense within
the Statement of Profit and Loss from ordinary activities
which are non-recurring and are of such size, nature or
incidence that their separate disclosure is considered
necessary to explain the performance of the Company.

(12) Taxes

Income tax expense comprises current and deferred tax.
It is recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss except to
the extent that it relates to a business combination, or items
recognised directly in equity or in OCI.

(a) Current Tax

Current tax comprises the expected tax payable or
receivable on the taxable income or loss for the year
and any adjustment to the tax payable or receivable
in respect of previous years. The amount of current
tax payable or receivable is the best estimate of the
tax amount expected to be paid or received after
considering uncertainty related to income taxes, if any.
It is measured using tax rates enacted or substantively
enacted at the reporting date.

Current tax assets and liabilities are offset only if there
is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised
amounts, and it is intended to realise the asset and
settle the liability on a net basis or simultaneously.

(b) Deferred Tax

Deferred tax is recognised in respect of temporary
differences between the carrying amounts of assets
and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the
amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax is
not recognised for

Temporary differences related to freehold land and
investments in subsidiaries, to the extent that the
Company is able to control the timing of the reversal
of the temporary differences and it is probable that
they will not reverse in the foreseeable future; and
taxable temporary differences arising on the initial
recognition of goodwill.

Deferred tax assets are recognised for unused tax
losses, unused tax credits and deductible temporary
differences to the extent that it is probable that future
taxable profits will be available against which they
can be used. Unrecognised deferred tax assets are
reassessed at each reporting date and recognised
to the extent that it has become probable that future
taxable profits will be available against which
they can be used.

Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are
expected to be applied to the period when the asset
is realised or the liability is settled, based on the laws
that have been enacted or substantively enacted by
the reporting date. The measurement of deferred
tax reflects the tax consequences that would follow
from the manner in which the Company expects, at
the reporting date, to recover or settle the carrying
amount of its assets and liabilities.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset only if there
is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised
amounts, and it is intended to realise the asset and
settle the liability on a net basis or simultaneously.

Deferred income tax is not provided on the
undistributed earnings of the subsidiaries where it is
expected that the earnings of the subsidiary will not be
distributed in the foreseeable future.

(13) Leases :

The Company assesses whether a contract contains a
lease, at inception of a contract. A contract is, or contains,
a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use
of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for
consideration. To assess whether a contract conveys the
right to control the use of an identified asset, the Company
assesses whether: (1) the contact involves the use of an
identified asset; (2) the Company has substantially all of the
economic benefits from use of the asset through the period
of the lease; and (3) the Company has the right to direct the
use of the asset.

The right-of-use assets are initially recognised at cost,which
comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for
any lease payments made at or prior to the commencement
date of the lease plus any initial direct costs less any lease
incentives. They are subsequently measured at cost less
accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any.

Right-of-use assets are depreciated from the commencement
date on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term
and useful life of the underlying asset. Right-of-use assets
are tested for impairment whenever there is any indication
that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable.
Impairment loss, if any, is recognised in the Statement of
Profit and Loss

The lease liability is initially measured at amortised cost
at the present value of the future lease payments. The
lease payments are discounted using the interest rate
implicit in the lease or, if not readily determinable, using
the incremental borrowing rates based on information
available as at the date of commencement of the lease. Lease
liabilities are remeasured with a corresponding adjustment
to the related right-of-use asset if the Company changes
its assessment of whether it will exercise an extension or
a termination option. Lease liability and right-of-use asset
have been separately presented in the Balance Sheet and
lease payments have been classified as financing cash flows.

Ind AS 116 requires lessees to determine the lease term
as the non-cancellable period of a lease adjusted with
any option to extend or terminate the lease, if the use of
such option is reasonably certain. The Company makes an
assessment on the expected lease term on a lease-by-lease
basis and thereby assesses whether it is reasonably certain
that any options to extend or terminate the contract will
be exercised. In evaluating the lease term, the Company
considers factors such as any significant leasehold
improvements undertaken over the lease term, costs
relating to the termination of the lease and the importance
of the underlying asset to Company's operations taking
into account the location of the underlying asset and the
availability of suitable alternatives. The lease term in future
periods is reassessed to ensure that the lease term reflects
the current economic circumstances

4) Foreign Currency Transactions:

(a) Functional and presentation currency

The functional currency of the Company is the Indian
rupee. These financial statements are presented
in Indian rupees

(b) Transactions and balances

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the
functional currency using the exchange rates at the
dates of the transactions. Foreign exchange gains
and losses resulting from the settlement of such
transactions and from the translation of monetary
assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies
at balance sheet date exchange rates are generally
recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss.

Non-monetary items that are measured at fair
value in a foreign currency are translated using the
exchange rates at the date when the fair value was
determined. Translation differences on assets and
liabilities carried at fair value are reported as part of
the fair value gain or loss. For example, translation
differences on nonmonetary assets such as equity
investments classified as FVOCI are recognised in
other comprehensive income (OCI)

(15) Government Grants :

Government grants are recognised at their fair value where
there is a reasonable assurance that the grant will be received
and the Company will comply with all attached conditions

Government grants relating to the purchase of property,
plant and equipment are included in non current liabilities
as deferred income and are credited to the statement of
profit and loss on a straight line basis over the expected life
of the related assets and presented within other income.

Government grants relating to income are deferred and
recognised in the statement of profit and Loss over the
period necessary to match them with the costs that they are
intended to compensate and presented within other income.

(16) Earnings Per Share :

(a) Basic earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing: the
profit attributable to owners of the Company by the
weighted average number of equity shares outstanding
during the financial year, adjusted for bonus elements
in equity shares issued during the year.

(b) Diluted earnings per share

Diluted earnings per share adjusts the figures used
in the determination of basic earnings per share to
take into account

The after income tax effect of interest and other
financing costs associated with dilutive potential
equity shares, and

The weighted average number of additional equity
shares that would have been outstanding assuming
the conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares

(17) Fair Value Measurement

The company measures financial instruments, such as,
derivatives at fair value at each balance sheet date. Fair
value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or
paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between
market participants at the measurement date. The fair
value measurement is based on the presumption that the
transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes
place either: -

In the principal market for the asset or liability, or - In the
absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous
market for the asset or liability The principal or the most
advantageous market must be accessible by the Company.

The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using
the assumptions that market participants would use
when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market
participants act in their economic best interest.

A fair measurement of a non financial assets takes into
account a market participant's ability to generate economic
benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by
selling it to another market participant that would use the
asset in its highest and best use.

The company use valuation techniques that are appropriate in
the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to
measure fair value, maximizing the use of relevant observable
inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs.

All Assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured
or disclosed in the financial statements are categorized
within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based
on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value
measurement as a whole :-

Level 1 - Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active
markets for identical assets or liabilities

Level 2 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level
input that is significant to the fair value measurement is
directly and indirectly observable.

Level 3 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level
input that is significant to the fair value measurement is
directly and indirectly unobservable.

For assets and liabilities that are recognized in the balance
sheet on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether
transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by
re assessing categorization (based on the lowest level input
that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole)
at the end of each reporting period.

For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has
determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of
the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability
and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.

L8) Events after the reporting period

Events after the reporting period are those events,
favourable and unfavourable, that occur between the end

of the reporting period and the date when the financial
statements are approved by the Board of Directors in case of
a company, and, by the corresponding approving authority
in case of any other entity for issue.

Two types of events can be identified:

(a) those that provide evidence of conditions that existed
at the end of the reporting period (adjusting events
after the reporting period); and

(b) those that are indicative of conditions that arose after
the reporting period (non-adjusting events after the
reporting period).

(19) Recent Pronouncements

Ministry of Corporate Affairs ("MCA") notifies new
standard or amendments to the existing standards under
Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules as issued
from time to time

MCA has notified amendments to Ind AS 1 - Presentation
of Financial Statements (classification of liabilities as current
or non-current, including liabilities with covenants), Ind
AS 12 - Income Taxes (International Tax Reform - Pillar
Two Model Rules), Ind AS 21 - The Effects of Changes in
Foreign Exchange Rates (Lack of Exchangeability), and Ind
AS 7 - Statement of Cash Flows and Ind AS 107 - Financial
Instruments: Disclosures (Supplier Finance Arrangements),
effective from 1 April 2025. The Company has reviewed
these amendments and based on its evaluation, has
determined that they do not have any impact on the
standalone financial statements.

(20) Previous Year

Previous Year's figures are regrouped / rearranged
wherever required.

Footnotes:

1 Working capital facilities from banks as at March 31, 2026 amounting to H Nil (P.Y - Nil) were secured by a first pari passu
charge on the stock of raw materials, finished goods, stock in process, consumable stores ,book debts of the Company &
Immovable Property - Factory Land & Building at L-13 , L-28 , L-28PT , L-29 and L-30 at MIDC Tarapur.

2 The Company do not have any charges or satisfaction which is yet to be registered with ROC beyond the statutory period.

3 There are no material differences between the quarterly statements of stock filed by the company with banks and the
books of accounts.

4 The Company has not been declared as a wilful defaulter by any bank or financial institution or other lender in accordance
with the guidelines on wilful defaulters issued by the Reserve Bank of India.

A. Defined benefit plans

(i) Post-employment benefits (Gratuity)

The company provides for gratuity for employees in India as per the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972. Employees who are in
continuous service for a period of 5 years are eligible for gratuity. The amount of gratuity payable on retirement/termination
is the employees last drawn basic salary per month computed proportionately for 15 days salary multiplied for the number
of years of service. The gratuity plan is a funded plan and the company makes contributions to recognized funds in India.
The company maintains a target level of funding to be maintained over a period of time based on estimations of expected
gratuity payments.

29 Employee Benefits Expenses (Contd..)

Aforesaid post-employment benefit plans typically expose the Company to actuarial risks such as: investment risk, interest
rate risk, salary risk and longevity risk.

(i) Investment risk: The present value of the defined benefit plan liability is calculated using a discount rate determined
by reference to government bond yields. If the return on plan asset is below this rate, it will create a plan deficit.

(ii) Interest risk: A decrease in the bond interest rate will increase the plan liability. However, this will be partially offset
by an increase in the value of plan's debt investments.

(iii) Salary risk: The present value of the defined benefit plan liability is calculated by reference to the future salaries of plan
participants. As such, an increase in salary of the plan participants will increase the plan's liability.

(iv) Longevity risk: The present value of the defined benefit plan liability is calculated by reference to the best estimate of
the mortality of plan participants both during and after their employment. An increase in the life expectancy of the plan
participants will increase the plan's liability.

Details of defined benefit obligations and plan assets (Gratuity)

The amounts recognised in the balance sheet and the movements in the net defined benefit obligation over the year

are as follows :

29 Employee Benefits Expenses (Contd..)

(ii) The sensitivity analysis presented above may not be representative of the actual change in the projected benefit
obligation as it is unlikely that the change in assumptions would occur in isolation of one another as some of the
assumptions may be correlated.

(iii) Furthermore, in presenting the above sensitivity analysis, the present value of the projected benefit obligation
has been calculated using the projected unit credit method at the end of the reporting period, which is the same
method as applied in calculating the projected benefit obligation as recognised in the balance sheet.

(iv) There was no change in the methods and assumptions used in preparing the sensitivity analysis from prior years.

(v) The Company has contributed H 2.25 lakhs (PY H 2.06 lakhs ) to defined benefit plan obligations funds for the year
ended March 31, 2026.

(vi) Expected return on assets is determined by multiplying the opening fair value of the plan assets by the expected
rate of return determined at the start of the annual reporting period, taking account of expected contributions &
expected settlements during the reporting period.

(vii) The Weighted Average Duration of the Plan works out to 8 years.

(viii) Asset Liability matching strategy:

The money contributed by the Company to the Gratuity fund to finance the liabilities of the plan has to be
invested. The trustees of the plan have outsourced the investment management of the fund to an insurance
Company. The insurance Company in turn manages these funds as per the mandate provided to them by the
trustees and the asset allocation which is within the permissible limits prescribed in the insurance regulations.
Due to the restrictions in the type of investments that can be held by the fund, it is not possible to explicitly follow
an asset liability matching strategy. There is no compulsion on the part of the Company to fully prefund the
liability of the Plan.

(ii) Other long-term employee benefots

Annual Leave and Sick Leave assumptions

The liability towards compensated absences (annual leave and sick leave) for the year ended 31st March, 2026 based on
actuarial valuation carried out by using Projected Accrued Benefit Method resulted in liability of H 11.60 lakhs.

B. Defined contribution plans

Provident Fund

The company has certain defined contribution plans. Contributions are made to provident fund for employees at the rate of 12%
of basic salary as per regulations. The contributions are made to registered provident fund administered by the government. The
obligation of the company is limited to the amount contributed and it has no further contractual nor any constructive obligation.
The expense recognized during the period towards defined contribution plan are H 16.53 lakhs (PY H 15.26 lakhs).

C. On November 21, 2025, the Government of India notified provisions of the Code on Wages, 2019, the Industrial Relations Code,
2020, the Code on Social Security, 2020 and the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020, ('Labour Codes')
which consolidate twenty-nine existing labour laws into a unified framework governing employee benefits during employment
and post-employment. The Labour Codes, amongst other things introduces changes, including a uniform definition of wages and
enhanced benefits relating to leave. The Company has assessed the financial implications of these changes which has resulted in
increase in gratuity liability arising out of past service cost and increase in leave liability. Considering the impact arising out of
an enactment of the new legislation is an event of non-recurring nature, the Company has presented this incremental amount as
"Contribution to Provident Fund" under "Employee Benefit Expenses" in the Condensed Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss
for the year ended March 31, 2026. The Company continues to monitor the developments pertaining to Labour Codes and will
evaluate impact if any on the measurement of the employee benefits liability

Fair value hierarchy

Level 1 : Hierarchy includes financial instruments measured using quoted prices. This includes listed equity instruments and mutual
funds that have quoted price. The mutual funds are valued using the closing NAV.

Level 2 : The fair value of financial instruments that are not traded in an active market is determined using valuation techniques which
maximise the use of observable market data and rely as little as possible on entity-specific estimates. If all significant inputs required
to fair value an instrument are observable, the instrument is included in level 2.

Level 3 : If one or more of the significant inputs is not based on observable market data, the instrument is included in level 3. This is the
case for unlisted equity securities etc. included in level 3.

This section explains the judgements and estimates made in determining the fair values of the financial instruments that are (a)
recognised and measured at fair value and (b) measured at amortised cost and for which fair values are disclosed in the financial
statements. To provide an indication about the reliability of the inputs used in determining fair value, the group has classified its
financial instruments into the three levels prescribed under the accounting standard. An explanation of each level followed is given in
the table above.

38 Financial risk management objectives and policies

The Company's Board of Directors has overall responsibility for the establishment and oversight of the Company's Risk Management
framework. The Board has established the Risk Management Committee, which is responsible for developing and monitoring the
Company's Risk Management policies. The Committee reports regularly to the Board of Directors on its activities.

The Company's financial assets comprise mainly of investments, cash and cash equivalents, other balances with banks, trade receivables
and other receivables and financial liabilities comprise mainly of borrowings, trade payables and other payables

The Company's activities expose it to market risk, liquidity risk and credit risk. The Company's overall risk management focuses on the
unpredictability of financial markets and seeks to minimise potential adverse effects on the financial performance of the Company. The
Company uses derivative financial instruments, such as cross currency swaps and interest rate swaps to hedge foreign currency risk
and interest rate risk exposure . Derivatives are used exclusively for hedging purposes and not as trading or speculative instruments.

A. Market Risk

Market risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market
prices. Market risk comprises three types of risks: interest rate risk and currency risk. Financial instruments affected by market
risk include borrowings, investments, trade payables, trade receivables

(i) Interest rate risk

Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows of the financial instruments will fluctuate due to changes
in market interest rates.

38 Financial risk management objectives and policies (Contd..)

(ii) Foreign currency risk

Foreign currency risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of an exposure will fluctuate because of changes in
foreign exchange rates. The Company transacts in several currencies and consequently the Company is exposed to foreign
exchange risk through its sales outside India and purchases from overseas suppliers in various foreign currencies. The
exchange rate between the Indian rupee and foreign currencies has changed substantially in recent years and may fluctuate
substantially in the future. Consequently, the results of the Company's operations are affected as the rupee appreciates
/ depreciates against these currencies. Foreign currency exchange rate exposure is partly balanced by purchase of raw
materials and services in the respective currencies.

As at the end of the reporting period, the carrying amounts of the material foreign currency denominated monetary assets
and liabilities are as follows:

B. Credit risk

Credit risk is the risk that counterparty will not meet its obligations under a financial instrument or customer contract, leading to
a financial loss. The Company is exposed to credit risk from its operating activities, primarily for trade receivables and deposits
with banks and other financial assets. The Company ensures that sales of products are made to customers with appropriate
creditworthiness. Outstanding customer receivables are regularly monitored by the management. An impairment analysis is
performed at each reporting date on an individual basis for major customers. Credit risk on cash and cash equivalents is limited
as the Company generally invest in deposits with banks.

Refer footnotes (d) below note no. 8 for ageing of trade receivables and movement in credit loss allowance.

C. Liquidity Risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company may not be able to meet its financial obligations without incurring unacceptable losses.
The objective of liquidity risk management is to maintain sufficient liquidity and ensure that funds are available for use as per
requirements. The Company has obtained fund and non-fund based working capital lines from various banks. Furthermore, the
Company have access to undrawn lines of committed borrowing/facilities. The Company invests its surplus funds in bank fixed
deposits and in mutual funds, which carry no or low market risk. The company consistently generates sufficient cash flows from
operations or from cash and cash equivalents to meet its financial obligations including lease liabilities as and when they fall due.

40 Additional regulatory information required by schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013

(a) The Company does not have any benami property held in its name. No proceedings have been initiated on or are pending
against the Company for holding benami property under the Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Act, 1988 (45 of 1988) and Rules
made thereunder.

(b) The Company does not have any transactions or relationships with any companies struck off under Section 248 of the Companies
Act, 2013 or Section 560 of the Companies Act, 1956.

(c) The Company has complied with the requirement with respect to number of layers as prescribed under section 2(87) of the
Companies Act, 2013 read with the Companies (Restriction on number of layers) Rules, 2017.

(d) Utilisation of borrowed funds and share premium:

(i) The Company has not advanced or loaned or invested funds to any other person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities
(Intermediaries) with the understanding that the Intermediary shall:

- Directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of
the Company (Ultimate Beneficiaries) or

- Provide any guarantee, security or the like to or on behalf of the ultimate beneficiaries.

40 Additional regulatory information required by schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013 (Contd..)

(ii) The Company has not received any fund from any person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities (Funding Party) with
the understanding (whether recorded in writing or otherwise) that the Company shall:

- directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of
the Funding Party (Ultimate Beneficiaries) or

- provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the ultimate beneficiaries.

(e) There is no income surrendered or disclosed as income during the year in tax assessments under the Income Tax Act, 1961
(such as search or survey), that has not been recorded in the books of account.

(f) The Company has not traded or invested in crypto currency or virtual currency during the year.


 
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