h. Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets

Provisions are recognised when present obligations as a result of a past event wilt probably lead to an outflow
of economic resources and amounts can be estimated reliably. Timing or amount of the outflow may still be
uncertain. A present obligation arises when there is a presence of a legal or constructive commitment that has
resulted from past events, for example, legal disputes or onerous contracts. Provisions are not recognised for
fumre operating losses.

Provisions arc measured at the estimated expenditure required to settle the present obligation, based on the most
reliable evidence available at the reporting date, including the risks and uncertainties associated with the present
obligation Provisions are discounted to their present values, where the time value of money is material.

Any reimbursement that the Company can be virtually certain to collect from a third party with respect to the
obligation is recognised as a separate asset. However, this asset may not exceed the amount of the related

provision

All provisions arc reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimate.

In those cases where the possible outflow of economic resources as a result of present obligations is considered
improbable or remote, no liability is recognised
Contingent liability is disclosed for:

• Possible obligations which will be confirmed only by future events not wholly within the control of the
Company or

Ý Present obligations arising from past events where it is not probable that an outflow of resources will
be required to settle the obligation or a reliable estimate of the amount of die obligation cannot be
made.

Contingent assets are not recognised. However, when inflow of economic benefits is probable, related asset is
disclosed.

i. Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity
shareholders (after deducting attributable taxes) by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding
during the period The weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period is adjusted for
events including a bonus issue.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to
equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted tor
the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares. Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit
or loss for the Period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares
outstanding during the period.

2.3 Material accounting judgements, estimates and assumptions

When preparing the financial statements management undertakes a number of judgments, estimates and
assumptions about recognition and measurement of assets, liabilities, income and expenses.

The actual results are likely to differ from the judgments, estimates and assumptions made by management, and
will seldom equal the estimated results.

Information about significant judgments, estimates and assumptions that have the most significant effect on
recognition and measurement of assets, liabilities, income and expenses are discussed below:

Significant judgments:

(i) Evaluation of indicators for impairment of assets

The evaluation of applicability of indicators of impairment of assets requires assessment of several external
and internal factors which could result in deterioration of recoverable amount of the assets.

(ii) Recognition of deferred tax assets

The extent to which deferred tax assets can be recognised is based on an assessment of the probability of
the future taxable income against which the deferred tax assets can be utilised.

(iii) Contingent liabilities

The Company is the subject of certain legal proceedings which arc pending in various jurisdictions Due to
the uncertainty' inherent in such matters, it is difficult to predict the final outcome of such matters The
cases and claims against the Company often raise difficult and complex factual and legal issues, which arc
subject to many uncertainties, including but not limited to the facts and circumstances of each particular
ease and claim, the jurisdiction and the differences in applicable law In the normal course of business
management consults with legal counsel and certain other experts on matters related to litigation and taxes.
The Company accrues a liability when it is determined that an adverse outcome is probable and the amount
of the loss can be reasonably' estimated.

Sources of estimation uncertainty

(t) Useful lives of Property, plant and equipment

The assessment of useful lives of property, plant and equipment requires judgment. Depreciation is charged
to the Statement of profit and loss based on these useful lives. This assessment requires estimation of the
period over which the Company will benefit from these assets.

Management review's its estimate of the useful lives of depreciable/amortisable assets at each reporting date,
based on the expected utility of the assets. Uncertainties in these estimates relate to technical and economic
obsolescence that may change the utility of plant and equipments.

(ii) Recoverability of advances/receivables

At each balance sheet date, based on historical default rates observed over expected life, the management
assesses the expected credit loss on outstanding receivables and advances.

j) Recent accounting pronouncements

Ministry of Corporate Affairs (“MCA”) notifies new standard or amendments to the existing standards
under Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules as issued from time to time. For the Year ended
31 March 2025, MCA has not notified any new standards or amendments to the existing standards applicable
to the Company.