C) Provisions and contingencies
The Company creates provision when there is present obligation as a result of a past events and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. A disclosure for a contingent liability is made when there is possible obligation or a present obligation that may, but probably will not, require an outflow of resources. When there is a possible obligation or a present obligation in respect of which the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.
The assessments undertaken in recognising provisions and contingencies have been made in accordance with Ind AS 37, 'Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets'. The evaluation of the likelihood of the contingent events requires best judgment by management regarding the probability of exposure to potential loss. Should circumstances change following unforeseeable developments, this likelihood could alter.
Provisions are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimate. If it is no longer probable that the outflow of resources would be required to settle the obligation, the provision is reversed.
Contingent assets are not recognised in the financial statements. However, contingent assets are assessed continually and if it is virtually certain that an economic benefit will arise, the asset and the related income are recognised in the period in which the change occurs.
D) Property, plant and equipment
Property, plant and equipment are stated at original cost net of tax/duty credit availed less government grants received to purchase/construct assets, accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. When the significant part of property, plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company derecognises the written down value of replaced parts and recognises the new part with it own associated useful life and it is depreciated accordingly. Likewise, when a major repair and inspection is performed, its cost is recognised in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as replacements, only if recognition criteria are satisfied. All the other repair and maintenance costs are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred.
Depreciation on property, plant and equipment is provided on the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the assets at rates which are higher / lower than the rates specified in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. The life of the assets has been assessed as under based on technical advice, taking into account the nature of the asset, the estimated usage of the asset, the operating conditions of the asset, past history of replacement, anticipated technological changes, manufacturer's warranties and maintenance support etc. The estimated useful lives are as follows:
Useful lives, depreciation method and residual value are reviewed by the management at the end of each reporting period.
Gain and losses on disposals are determined by comparing proceeds with carrying amount of property, plant and equipment. These are included in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
An asset's carrying amount is written down immediately to its recoverable amount if the assets carrying amount is greater than its estimated recoverable amount.
E) Impairment
At the end of each reporting period, the Company reviews the carrying amounts of its property, plant and equipment and intangible assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). When it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs.
I f the recoverable amount of an asset (or cash¬ generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is
recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
When an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or a cash¬ generating unit) is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset (or cash-generating unit) in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised immediately in Statement of Profit and Loss.
Non-financial assets are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which the asset's carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset's fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash inflows which are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or groups of assets (cash-generating units). Non¬ financial assets other than goodwill that suffered an impairment are reviewed for possible reversal of the impairment at the end of each reporting period.
F) Warranty
The estimated liability for assurance type warranty is recorded when products are sold based on management's best estimate. The expense for such warranties is included under customer service expenses (other expenses). These estimates are established using historical information on the nature, frequency and average cost of warranty claims and management estimates regarding possible future incidence based on corrective actions or product failures.The timing of outflows will vary as and when warranty claim will arise.
2.4 Other accounting policies
The other accounting policies applied by the Company in
the preparation of its financial statements are listed as
below.
A) Financial instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities
Financial assets and financial liabilities are
recognised when the Company becomes a party
to the contractual provisions of the relevant instrument. Financial assets are derecognised when the rights to receive benefits have expired or been transferred, and the Company has transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of such financial asset. Financial liabilities are derecognised when the liability is extinguished, that is when the contractual obligation is discharged, cancelled or expires. Purchase or sale of financial assets that require delivery of assets within a time frame established by regulation or convention in the market place (regular way trades) are recognised on the trade date i.e., the date when the Company commits to purchase or sell the asset.
The Company classifies its financial assets in the following measurement categories:
i) those to be measured subsequently either by fair value through Other Comprehensive Income or fair value through profit and loss, and
ii) those measured at amortised cost.
The classification depends on the Company's business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual terms of the cash flows.
For assets measured at fair value, gains and losses will either be recorded in the Statement of Profit and Loss or Other Comprehensive Income. For investments in debt instruments, this will depend on the business model in which the investment is held. For investments in equity instruments, this will depend on whether the Company has made an irrevocable election at the time of initial recognition to account for the equity investment at fair value through Other Comprehensive Income. The Company reclassifies debt investments when and only when its business model for managing those assets changes.
Offsetting financial instruments Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the Balance Sheet where there is a legally enforceable right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. The legally enforceable right must not be contingent on future events and must be enforceable in the normal course of business and in the event of default, insolvency or bankruptcy of the Company or the counterparty.
Measurement
At initial recognition, the Company measures a financial asset at its fair value other than trade receivables which are measured at the transaction price, in the case of a financial asset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Transaction costs of financial assets carried at fair value through profit or loss are expensed in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Financial assets with embedded derivatives are considered in their entirety when determining whether their cash flows are solely payment of principal and interest.
Debt instruments
Subsequent measurement of debt instruments depends on the Company's business model for managing the asset and the cash flow characteristics of the asset. There are three measurement categories into which the Company classifies its debt instruments:
• Amortised cost: Assets (Bank Balances, loans, security deposits and grant receivable) that are held for collection of contractual cash flows where those cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest are measured at amortised cost. A gain or loss on a debt investment that is subsequently measured at amortised cost and is not part of a hedging relationship is recognised in the Statement of Profit and loss when the asset is derecognised or impaired. Interest income from these financial assets is included in finance income using the effective interest rate method.
• Fair value through Other Comprehensive Income (FVTOCI): Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows and for selling the financial assets, where the asset's cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest, are measured at fair value through Other Comprehensive Income (FVTOCI). Movements in the carrying amount are taken through Other Comprehensive Income (OCI), except for the recognition of impairment gains or losses, interest revenue and foreign exchange gains and losses which are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. When the financial asset is derecognised,
the cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in Other Comprehensive Income (OCI) is reclassified from equity to Statement of Profit and Loss and recognised in other gains/ (losses). Interest income from these financial assets is included in other income using the effective interest rate method.
• Fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL): Assets that do not meet the criteria for amortised cost or FVTOCI are measured at fair value through profit or loss. A gain or loss on a debt investment that is subsequently measured at fair value through profit or loss and is not part of a hedging relationship is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss and presented net in the Statement of Profit and Loss within other gains/(losses) in the period in which it arises. Interest income from these financial assets is included in other income.
Trade receivables
Trade receivables are recognised initially at transaction value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method less any expected credit loss.
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash on hand, bank deposits and other short-term highly liquid investments/deposits with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value, and bank overdraft.
Impairment of financial assets The Company recognises loss /allowances using the expected credit loss (ECL) model for the financial assets which are not fair valued through profit or loss. Loss allowance for trade receivables is measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECL as they do not include a significant financial component. For all other financial assets, expected credit losses are measured at an amount equal to the 12-month ECL, unless there has been a significant increase in credit risk from initial recognition in which case those are measured at lifetime ECL. The amount of expected credit losses (or reversal) that is required to adjust the loss allowance at the reporting date to the amount that is required to be recognised is recognised as an impairment gain or loss in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Derecognition of financial assets A financial asset is derecognised only when
- the Company has transferred the rights to receive cash flows from the financial asset or
- retains the contractual rights to receive the cash flows of the financial asset but assumes a contractual obligation to pay the cash flows to one or more recipients.
Where the Company has transferred an asset, the Company evaluates whether it has transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset. In such cases, the financial asset is derecognised. Where the Company has not transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset, the financial asset is not derecognised.
Where the Company has neither transferred a financial asset nor retains substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset, the financial asset is derecognised if the Company has not retained control of the financial asset. Where the Company retains control of the financial asset, the asset is continued to be recognised to the extent of continuing involvement in the financial asset.
Trade and other payables
These amounts represent liabilities for goods and services provided to the Company prior to end of reporting period which are unpaid. The amounts are unsecured and are usually paid based on trade terms.Trade and other payables are presented as current liabilities unless payment is not due within 12 months after the reporting period.They are recognised initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using effective interest method.
Derivative financial instruments The Company holds derivative financial instruments such as foreign exchange forward to mitigate the risk of changes in exchange rates on foreign currency exposures. The counterparty for these contracts is generally a bank. Changes in fair value of derivatives including forward exchange contracts are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Other income
Income from interest on bank deposits is recognised on the time proportion method taking into consideration the amount outstanding and the applicable interest rates.
B) Government grants
Government grants are not recognised until there is reasonable assurance that the Company will comply with the conditions attached to them and the grants will be received.
i) Government grants wherein primary condition is that the Company should purchase, construct or otherwise acquire non-current assets are recognised as deduction from property, plant and equipment and intangible assets in the Balance Sheet and transferred to the Statement of Profit and Loss on a systematic and rational basis over the useful lives of the related assets.
ii) Government grants of industrial promotion subsidy are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a systematic basis over the periods in which the Company recognises related revenue on which grant for taxes are intended to compensate.
iii) Export benefits in respect of Merchandise Exports from India Scheme (MEIS) and Remission of Duties or Taxes on Export Products Scheme (RoDTEP) under Foreign Trade Policy of India are recognised as income in the period in which goods are exported at fair value of consideration received or receivable.
iv) Export benefits arising from duty drawback scheme are recognised on export of goods in accordance with the underlying scheme at fair value of consideration received or receivable.
C) Employee benefits
Employee benefits include salaries, wages, bonus, provident fund, employees' state insurance, gratuity, compensated absences, long term service award and staff welfare expenses.
Defined contribution plans
I n accordance with the provisions of the Employees Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 and The Employee's State Insurance Act, 1948, eligible employees of the Company are entitled to receive benefits with respect to provident fund and employee state insurance, a defined contribution plan in which both the Company and the employee contribute monthly at a determined rate. Company's contribution to provident fund and employees state insurance is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Retirement benefit costs
The Company operates the following schemes:
- Defined benefit plans such as gratuity.
- Defined contribution plans such as provident fund.
Payments to retirement benefit plans are recognised as an expense when employees have rendered service entitling them to the benefit.
Benefits payable to eligible employees of the Company with respect to gratuity, a defined benefit plan is accounted for on the basis of an actuarial valuation as at the Balance Sheet date using projected unit credit method. In accordance with the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972, the plan provides for lump sum payments to vested employees on retirement, death while in service or on termination of employment an amount equivalent to 15 days' basic salary for each completed year of service. Vesting occurs upon completion of five years of service.
Service costs and net interest expense or income is reflected in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Gain or Loss on account of measurements are recognised immediately through Other Comprehensive Income in the period in which they occur.
Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate at the beginning of the period to the net defined benefit liability or asset. Defined benefit costs are categorised as follows:
• service cost (including past service cost, as well as gains and losses on curtailment and settlement);
• net interest expense or income; and
• measurement
The Company presents the first two components of defined benefit costs in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the line item - employee benefits expense.
Short-term employee benefits
The undiscounted amount of short-term employee
benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the
services rendered by employees are recognised during the period when the employees render the service.
Long-term employee benefits Compensated absences benefits payable to employees of the Company on retirement, death while in service or on termination of employment or separation with respect to accumulated leaves outstanding at the period end are accounted for on the basis of an actuarial valuation as at the Balance Sheet date using projected unit credit method. Measurements as result of experience adjustment and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Long-term service award
Eligible employees are entitled to long term service award, which are in the nature of long term benefit and are estimated based on actuarial valuation as at the Balance Sheet date using projected unit credit method.
D) Income tax
I ncome tax expense represents sum of the current tax and deferred tax. Current tax assets and liabilities are offset where the Company has a legally enforceable right to offset and either intends to settle on a net basis, or to realise the asset and the liability simultaneously.
Current tax
The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the period. Taxable profit differs from 'profit before tax' as reported in the Statement of Profit and Loss because of items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and items that are never taxable or deductible. The Company's current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. Management periodically evaluates position taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulation is subject to interpretation and establishes provision wherever appropriate.
Deferred tax
Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences.
Deferred tax assets are generally recognised for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences can be utilised. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognised if the temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accounting profit amended with effect from April 1, 2023.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.
Deferred tax liabilities and assets are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset is realised, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the end of the reporting period.
The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.
Current and deferred tax for the period Current and deferred tax are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss, except when they relate to items that are recognised in Other Comprehensive Income or directly in equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognised in Other Comprehensive Income or directly in equity, respectively.
=) Leases
The Company recognises right of use assets and lease liabilities for all non cancellable leases with a term of more than twelve months, unless the underlying asset is low value in nature.
Right of use assets are measured at cost comprising the following:
- The amount of the initial measurement of lease liability
- Any lease payment made at or before the commencement date
- Initial direct cost (if any)
Depreciation on right of use assets and finance costs on lease liabilities are recognised as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss over the shorter of the asset's useful life and the lease term on a straight line basis. The lease payments made by the Company under the lease arrangement are adjusted against the lease liabilities.
Payment of cancellable or low value leases are recognised as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term, except where another systematic basis is more representative of the time pattern in which economic benefits from the leased asset are consumed.
For lease liabilities at the commencement date, the Company measures the lease liability at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at that date. The lease payments are discounted using the incremental borrowing rate.
F) Intangible assets
Intangible assets acquired separately Intangible assets mainly representing computer software are acquired separately and are carried at cost less government grants received to purchase/ construct assets, accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Amortisation is recognised on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful life. The estimated useful life and amortisation method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate being accounted for on a prospective basis.
G) Segment reporting
Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM). Managing Director and Chief Financial Officer have been identified as the chief operating decision maker to assess the financial performance and position of the Company and make strategic decisions. The Company identifies operating segments based on the dominant source, nature of risks and returns and the internal organisation and management structure. The operating segments are the segments for which separate financial information is available and for which operating profit / loss amounts are evaluated regularly by the executive management in
deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance.
The accounting policies adopted for segment reporting are in line with the accounting policies of the Company. Segment revenue, segment expenses, segment assets and segment liabilities have been identified to segments on the basis of their relationship to the operating activities of the segment (Refer Note No 34 for reportable segments determined by the Company and segment information presentation).
Revenue, expenses, assets and liabilities which relate to the Company as a whole and are not allocable to segments on reasonable basis are included under unallocated revenue / expenses / assets / liabilities.
H) Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period.
Diluted earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders as adjusted for dividend, interest and other charges to expense or income relating to the dilutive potential equity shares, by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period as adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares. Potential equity shares are deemed to be dilutive only if their conversion to equity shares would decrease the net profit per share from continuing ordinary operations. Potential dilutive equity shares are deemed to be converted as at the beginning of the period, unless they have been issued at a later date. Dilutive potential equity shares are determined independently for each period presented.
I) Dividends
Provision is made for the amount of any dividend declared, being appropriately authorised and no longer at the discretion of the Company, on or before the end of the reporting period but not distributed at the end of the reporting period.
J) Customs duty
Customs duty (including GST) payable on stocks lying with customs or in bonded warehouses as at the Balance Sheet date is accrued and included in the valuation of closing stock. Payment of customs duty is deferred till clearance of goods.
K) Insurance claims
I nsurance claims are accounted for on the basis of claims admitted and to the extent that there in no uncertainty in receiving the claims.
L) Foreign currency transactions and translations
I tems included in the financial statements are measured using the currency of primary economic environment in which the Company operates. The Company's functional currency is ' as Company operates primarily in India.
Foreign currency transactions are recorded on initial recognition in the functional currency using the exchange rate at the date of transaction. At each Balance Sheet date foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing exchange rate. Exchange difference that arise on settlement of monetary items or on reporting at each balance sheet date of the Company's monetary items at the closing rate are recognised as income or expense in the period in which they arise. Translation differences on assets and liabilities carried at fair value are reported as part of fair value gain or loss.
M) Borrowing costs
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those assets, until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use or sale. Investment Income earned on temporary investment of specific borrowing pending their expenditure on qualifying assets is deducted from the borrowing costs eligible for capitalisation.
All other borrowing costs are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they are incurred.
(v) Changes to share capital:
The Company increased the authorised share capital from 115,000,000 equity shares to 1,500,000,000 equity shares of ' 10 each, which was approved by the Board of Directors in their meeting and shareholders in their extraordinary general meeting held on October 17, 2024 and October 18, 2024 respectively.
The Board of Directors of the Company, at its meeting held on October 17, 2024 also approved the issuance of five bonus shares for every one share held by the shareholders of the Company, which was approved by the shareholders in extra¬ ordinary general meeting held on October 18, 2024. The date of allotment of bonus shares was November 18, 2024.
Notes:
i) Interest expense relating to lease liabilities are included in finance cost (Refer Note No 22).
ii) Depreciation charge of right of use asset are included in depreciation and amortisation expense (Refer Note No 23).
iii) Expense relating to short-term and low value leases are included in other expenses as rent (Refer Note No 24).
iv) The Company does not have any leases with variable lease payments.
v) The total cash outflow for leases including interest and short term leases amounting to ' 2,073.44 Millions (March 31, 2025: ' 1,839.50 Millions).
vi) Extension and termination options are included in a number of property and equipment leases across the Company. These are used to maximise operational flexibility in terms of managing the assets used in the Company's operations. The majority of extension and termination options held are exercisable only by the Company and not by the respective lessor.
vii) Refer Note No 32 for contractual commitments on lease liabilities.
The fair value of financial instruments that are not traded in an active market is determined using valuation techniques which maximise the use of observable market data and rely as little as possible on entity-specific estimates. If significant inputs required to fair value an instrument are observable, the instrument is included in Level 2.
Level 3: Inputs for the assets or liabilities that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).
I f one or more of the significant inputs is not based on observable market data, the instrument is included in level 3. This is the case with listed instruments where market is not liquid and for unlisted instruments.
The fair value of trade receivables, loans, cash and cash equivalents, other financial assets and trade payables (including capital creditors) are considered to be equal to the carrying amounts of these items due to their short - term nature.
(ii) Customer service expenses include consumption of spares aggregating to ' 1,233.14 Millions (March 31, 2025: ' 1,240.74 Millions) and indirect expenses (including expenses related to service and call centres) aggregating to ' 550.36 Millions (March 31, 2025: ' 522.81).
(iii) It includes sitting fees and commission amounting to ' 19.49 Millions (March 31, 2025'3.75 Millions) paid to Non-executive non-independent director and independent directors [Also Refer Note No 28(b)].
NOTE 25 : FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND RISK MANAGEMENT Recognition and initial measurement
A) At initial recognition, the Company measures a financial asset (excluding trade receivables which do not contain a significant financing component) at its fair value plus, in the case of a financial asset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset.Transaction costs of financial assets carried at fair value through profit or loss are expensed in profit or loss.
Subsequent measurement
All financial assets and liabilities of the Company (other than derivative assets / liabilities ) are subsequently measured at amortised cost.
B) Fair value hierarchy
Fair value of the financial instruments is classified in various fair value hierarchy based on the following three levels:
Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active market for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2: Inputs other than quoted price including within level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).
Valuation technique used to determine fair value:
Specific valuation techniques used to value financial instruments include:
- the fair value of forward foreign exchange contracts is determined using forward exchange rates at the Balance Sheet date.
- the fair values for security deposits (assets and liabilities) were calculated based on present values of cash flows and the discount rates used were adjusted for counterparty or own credit risk. They are classified as level 3 fair values in the fair value hierarchy due to the inclusion of unobservable inputs including counterparty credit.
C) Risk management
Financial risk management
The Company's activities expose it to various risks such as market risk, liquidity risk and credit risk. This section explains the risks, which the Company is exposed to and how it manages those risks.
Market risk
i) Foreign exchange risk
Foreign currency risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of an exposure will fluctuate because of changes in foreign exchange rates. The Company is mainly exposed to foreign exchange risk on the US Dollar.
The purpose of foreign exchange risk management is to provide the foundation of stable business operations by minimising the uncertainty and volatility of foreign exchange gains and losses from foreign exchange rate fluctuations.
The Company has its own foreign exchange policy through which the Company minimises the exposure to foreign exchange risk by netting off foreign exchange assets and liabilities from general operating activities. The Company considers foreign exchange risk hedges against its remaining exposure with derivative financial instruments and scrutinises changes in foreign exchange exposure and the results of hedging activities on a monthly basis. Speculative foreign exchange trading is prohibited.
Refer Note No 36 for the details on derivative instruments and unhedged foreign currency exposure.
The Company's credit period generally ranges from 0-30 days. Considering the large number of customers to which the Company sells, the credit risk in trade receivables is not concentrated in a single / few customers. The Company has performed an analysis of historical bad debts and has used the provision matrix approach to determine expected credit loss (ECL) on such receivablesThe expected credit loss on trade receivables as at March 31, 2026 and March 31, 2025 is determined to be not material.
D) Capital management
Risk management
The Company's objectives when managing capital is to safeguard their ability to continue as a going concern, so that they can
continue to provide returns for shareholders and benefits for other stakeholders.
The Company monitors capital on the basis of the following gearing ratio:
Interest rate risk
The Company is not exposed to significant interest rate risk as at the respective reporting dates.
Credit risk
Credit risk arises from the possibility that the counterparty will default on its contractual obligations resulting in financial loss to the Company. To manage this, the management periodically analyses historical bad debts and ageing of accounts receivable. The Company has secured the credit risk against the trade receivables through credit insurance.
E) Liquidity risk
The liquidity risk encompasses any risk that the Company cannot fully meet its financial obligations. To manage the liquidity risk, cash flow forecasting is performed by finance team. The Company's finance team monitors rolling forecasts for the Company's liquidity requirements to ensure it has sufficient cash to meet operational needs and so that the Company does not breach borrowing limits or covenants (where applicable) on any of its borrowing facilities.
For other financial assets, the Company considers the probability of default upon initial recognition of assets and whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk on an ongoing basis through each reporting period. To assess whether there is significant increase in credit risk, the Company does reasonable analysis of counterparty's financial capability based on following information :
(i) Actual or expected significant adverse changes in business;
(ii) Financial or economic conditions that are expected to cause a significant change to the counterparty's ability to meet its obligation;
(iii) Significant increase in credit risk and other financial instruments of the same counterparty;
(iv) Significant changes in the value of collateral supporting the obligation or in the quality of third party guarantees or credit enhancements.
The expected credit loss on security deposits, bank balances / deposits and government grants has been determined to be immaterial.
Maturities of financial liabilities
The tables below analyse the entity's financial liabilities into relevant maturity groupings based on their contractual maturities for:
i) All non-derivative financial liabilities, and
ii) Derivative financial liabilities
The amounts disclosed in the table are the contractual undiscounted cash flows. Balances due within 12 months equal their carrying balances as the impact of discounting is not significant.
NOTE 26 (B) : DEFERRED TAX
In assessing the realisability of deferred income tax assets, management considers whether some portion or all of the deferred income tax assets will not be realised. The ultimate realisation of deferred income tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which the temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversals of deferred income tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Based on the level of historical taxable income and projections for future taxable income over the periods in which the deferred income tax assets are deductible, management believes that the Company will realise the benefits of those deductible differences. The amount of the deferred income tax assets considered realisable, however, could be reduced in the near term if estimates of future taxable income during the carry forward period are reduced.
NOTE 27 : DISCLOSURE AS REQUIRED BY INDIAN ACCOUNTING STANDARDS (IND AS) 19 EMPLOYEE BENEFITS
a) Defined contribution plans
The Company makes Provident Fund and Employees' State Insurance contributions to defined contribution plans for qualifying employees. Under the Scheme, the Company is required to contribute a specified percentage of the payroll costs to registered provident fund and employee state insurance administered by government. The Company recognised ' 322.36 Millions (March 31, 2025 : ' 308.67 Millions) for Provident Fund contributions and Employees' State Insurance contributions in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The contributions payable under these plans by the Company are at the rates specified in the rules of the respective schemes.
b) Defined benefit plans
The Company offers various employee benefit schemes to its employees. Benefits payable to eligible employees of the Company with respect to defined benefit plan are accounted on the basis of an actuarial valuation determined using projected unit credit method as at the Balance Sheet date.
The plan assets of the Company are managed by Life Insurance Corporation of India, ICICI Prudential Life Insurance, India First Life Insurance Company Limited and Birla Sun Life Insurance Company Limited to fund obligations of the Company with respect to its gratuity plan which is being administered by LG Electronics India Limited Employee Group Gratuity Fund. The categories of plan assets as a percentage of total plan assets is based on information provided by Life Insurance Corporation of India, ICICI Prudential Life Insurance, India First Life Insurance Company Limited and Birla Sun Life Insurance Company Limited with respect to their investment pattern for group gratuity fund for investments managed in total for several other companies.
The discount rate is based on the prevailing market yields of Government of India securities as at the end of each of the years
presented for the estimated term of obligations.
The estimate of future salary increases considered, takes into account the inflation, seniority, promotion, increments and
other relevant factors.
Through its defined benefit plans, the Company is exposed to a number of risks, the most significant of which are detailed below:
A) Asset volatility- The plan liabilities are calculated using a discount rate set with reference to bond yields; if plan assets underperform this yield, this will create a deficit. Most of the plan asset investments are in fixed income securities with high grades and in government securities. These are subject to interest rate risk and the fund manages interest rate risk with derivatives to minimise risk to an acceptable level. A portion of the funds are invested in equity securities and in alternative investments which have low correlation with equity securities. The equity securities are expected to earn a return in excess of the discount rate and contribute to the plan deficit. The Company has a risk management strategy where the aggregate amount of risk exposure on a portfolio level is maintained at a fixed range. Any deviations from the range are corrected by rebalancing the portfolio. The Company intends to maintain the above investment mix in the continuing years.
B) Changes in bond yields - A decrease in bond yields will increase plan liabilities, although this will be partially offset by an increase in the value of the plans' bond holdings.
C) Inflation risks - In the defined plans, the payment is not linked to inflation, so this is a less material risk.
D) Life expectancy - The increases in life expectancy will result in an increase in the plans' liabilities. This is particularly significant where inflationary increases result in higher sensitivity to changes in life expectancy.
E) Withdrawals - Actual withdrawals proving higher or lower than assumed withdrawals and change of withdrawal rates at subsequent valuations can impact plan's liability.
1) Refer Note No 25(E) for working capital facility secured by letter of support from the Holding company.
2) Refer Note No 31(B) for contingent liability in relation to royalty payable to related party.
*The gratuity compensated absences and long term service award are computed for all employees in aggregate based on the actuarial valuation carried out for the Company as a whole. Accordingly the amount related to key managerial personnel has not been separately identified and disclosed.
Terms and conditions of transactions with related parties - All related party transactions entered during the year were in the ordinary course of the business and are on arm's length basis. All outstanding receivable balances are unsecured and repayable in cash. Further, no loss allowances were made against such balances.
i) Based on the interpretation of the provisions of applicable Acts and in respect of other legal cases, the Company is of the opinion that the above demands are likely to be deleted or substantially reduced and accordingly no additional provision has been made.
ii) Excludes show cause notices replied by the Company. The Company has not yet heard back from the appropriate authorities in the matter and is of the view that same are not contingent in nature.
Hi) 11 is not practical for the Company to estimate the timing of cash outflows, if any in respect of the above, pending resolution of the respective proceedings.
iv) During the year ended March 31, 2019, the Company had evaluated the impact of the Supreme Court Judgment in case of “Vivekananda Vidyamandir And Others Vs The Regional Provident Fund Commissioner (II) West Bengal'' and the related circular (Circular No. C-I/1(33)2019/Vivekananda Vidya Mandir/284) dated March 20, 2019 issued by the Employees' Provident Fund Organisation in relation to non-exclusion of certain allowances from the definition of "basic wages" of the relevant employees for the purposes of determining contribution to provident fund under the Employees' Provident Funds & Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952. In the assessment of the management which was supported by legal advice, the aforesaid matter was not likely to have a significant impact and accordingly, no provision has been made in the Financial Statements.
v) Amounts are as per demand order and include penalty and interest, wherever applicable.
(B) Contingency on advance pricing agreement of royalty
The Company had accrued royalty expense and paid ' 4,596.58 Millions for the year ended March 31, 2026 (' 4,546.10 Millions for the year ended March 31, 2025) to its holding company, i.e., LG Electronics Inc., Republic of Korea, for the use of technology and brand name. The royalty was determined in accordance with the revised license agreement dated July 27, 2017, effective from April 01, 2016, as amended from time to time, between the Company and its holding company.
The revised license agreement also provided for additional payment of royalty, which was contingent upon the approval of the application dated March 28, 2018 for Advance Pricing Agreement ('APA') filed with the income-tax authorities in India and the Republic of Korea. The period of APA expired on March 31, 2023 and thereafter an application for extension was filed on March 31, 2023 covering the financial years 2023-24 to 2027-28. The possible obligation arising from additional royalty payments based on the aforesaid revised license agreement amounting to ' 67,436.64 Millions was disclosed as contingent liability as at March 31, 2024.
On May 8, 2024, the Company and its holding company, filed a Mutual Agreement Procedure ('MAP') application with the respective Competent Authority of India and the Republic of Korea, under Article 25(1) of the comprehensive agreements between India and the Republic of Korea to resolve the consequences of double taxation arising from certain transfer pricing tax adjustments made by the tax authority of the Republic of Korea on the holding company.
The Company entered into an addendum on November 18, 2024 to the aforesaid revised license agreement, aligning its royalty obligation to the amount accrued and paid for the respective years and updated its APA application accordingly. The Company withdrew the APA extension application dated March 31, 2023 through its filing with the Income-tax authority in India on November 20, 2024. Pursuant to the addendum dated November 18, 2024 and pending approval of the MAP application, the contingent liability determined as of March 31, 2025 was ' 3,153.00 Millions.
Consequent to agreeing to the terms of a draft Mutual Agreement as shared by the Tax Authorities of India, the Company received a draft Advance Pricing Agreement ('APA') on August 21, 2025 covering a period of nine years from April 01, 2014 to March 31, 2023.
On January 05, 2026, the Company entered into and concluded the APA with the Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT).
Pursuant to the conclusion of the APA:
- Contingent liabilities relating to Mutual Agreement Procedure (MAP) amounting to ' 3,153.00 Millions, has been reduced to Nil.
- Contingent liabilities relating to certain other transfer pricing related matters covered under the APA have been reduced by ' 1,724.38 Millions.
- Amounts of ' 894.84 Millions payable to, and ' 856.25 Millions receivable from, LG Electronics Inc., arising from secondary adjustment provisions in compliance with the applicable transfer pricing regulations in India, have been recognised in the Financial Statements for the year ended March 31, 2026. (Also Refer Note No 7, Note No 15 and Note No 28)
- The Company has agreed to pay tax expenses aggregating to ' 223.59 Millions (including applicable interest of ' 46.47 Millions) which has been recognised in the Financial Statements for the year ended March 31, 2026.
(ii) The Company is setting-up its third manufacturing facility ("facility") in the Sri City, Tirupati, in the state of Andhra Pradesh with projected investment of ' 50,010.00 Millions. This proposal has received the requisite approvals from the Government of Andhra Pradesh. The aforesaid facility is expected to become operational by the year ending March 31, 2027, initially focusing on the manufacturing of Air Conditioners and Air Conditioner compressors followed by the manufacturing of Washing Machines and Refrigerators in the forthcoming years. The Company has executed agreements for factory design and construction, as well as for installation and commissioning of supporting infrastructure. Based on the agreements executed, the total capital commitment other than disclosed in (i) above, till March 31, 2026 amounts to ' 19,635.91 Millions (March 31, 2025'10,931.67 Millions).
NOTE 33 : EXPENDITURE ON CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR)
Section 135(5) of the Companies Act, 2013 read with the Companies (Corporate Social Responsibility Policy) Rules, 2014, requires that the board of directors of every eligible Company, shall ensure that the Company spends, in every financial year, at least 2% of the average net profits of the Company made during the three immediately preceding financial years, in pursuance of its Corporate Social Responsibility Policy. The details of CSR expenditure incurred are as follows:
NOTE 34 : SEGMENT REPORTING
The Company has identified two reportable business segments as primary segments: Home appliances and air solution division and Home entertainment division. These segments have been identified and reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision maker (CODM).
The main products that each business segment manufactures and/or sells are as follows:
Business segments:
- Home appliances and air solution division: Air Conditioners, Refrigerators, Microwave Ovens, Washing Machines, Dishwasher, Vacuum Cleaners, Compressors, Ceiling Fan, Water Purifiers and Air Purifiers.
- Home entertainment division: Televisions (Flat panel, Signage, Projectors, Monitor TV etc,), Audio Visual, Monitors, Security Camera, and Personal computers.
Notes:
(a) Figures in brackets relate to the previous year.
(b) Administrative and corporate expenses, interest expense and interest income, unallocable other income and provision for tax have not been allocated to reportable segments. Consequently, segment wise net profit has not been disclosed.
(c) Unallocable other income has not been measured and reported segment wise as these components are not realistically allocable and identifiable.
(d) Unallocable corporate expenses include expenses such as depreciation, employee remuneration and benefits, administrative and other expenses which are not directly related to the specific segments.
(e) Unallocable assets include property, plant and equipment, intangible assets, cash and cash equivalents, deferred tax assets, Unallocable loans and advances and other current assets which are not directly related to the specific segments.
(f) Capital expenditure pertains to additions made to property, plant and equipment during the year and movement in capital work in progress during the year.
Dues to Micro and Small Enterprises have been determined to the extent such parties have been identified on the basis of information collected by the Management.
NOTE 36 : DETAILS ON DERIVATIVES INSTRUMENTS AND UNHEDGED FOREIGN CURRENCY EXPOSURE
The following derivative positions are open as at March 31, 2026. These transactions have been undertaken to act as economic hedges for the Company's exposures to various risks in foreign exchange markets.
Forward exchange contracts which are not intended for trading or speculative purposes but for hedge purposes required at the settlement date of certain payables and receivables.
NOTE 37 : GOVERNMENT GRANTS
a) I n terms of the Infrastructure & Industrial Investment Policy, 2012 as notified by the Pradeshiya Industrial & Investment Corporation of Uttar Pradesh Limited ('PICUP'), the Company has received claim approval for availing incentive with respect to the sales made for products eligible under the aforementioned policy which have been manufactured and sold in the state of Uttar Pradesh. The Company is eligible for the subsidy provided the additional fixed capital investment of the Company is not less than ' 5,000 Millions made over a period of five years commencing from January 01, 2015 to December 31, 2019. The industrial promotion subsidy is restricted to 80% of the State Goods and Service Tax ('SGST') payable after utilisation of the GST input tax credit calculated on the increased eligible turnover in proportion to the existing investment in factory situated at Greater Noida in the state of Uttar Pradesh.
Pursuant to fulfillment of the above stated criteria, the Company has recognised incentive aggregating to ' 124.68 Millions for the year ended March 31, 2026 (March 31, 2025: ' 692.98 Millions) (Included in Note No. 18) which pertains to the eligible sale of products manufactured and sold in the state of Uttar Pradesh during the year ended March 31, 2026. The outstanding balance of claims receivable as at March 31, 2026 aggregating to ' 240.26 Millions (March 31, 2025: ' 340.15 Millions) has been included in government grant recoverable in Note No. 7.
b) I n the prior years, the Company was availing sales tax exemption in the State of Uttar Pradesh. Pursuant to an amendment in the Uttar Pradesh Values Added Tax Act, 2008, the Company is required to deposit with the VAT authorities, the amount of VAT collected from the dealers and thereafter file a refund claim for the VAT deposited.
The outstanding balance of claims receivable as at March 31, 2026 aggregating to ' 155.54 Millions (March 31, 2025: ' 155.54 millions) has been included in government grant recoverable in Note No. 7.
The Company believes it has good case on merits for the recoverability of the same. Based on legal opinion obtained by the Company, the Company has taken up matter with appropriate forum and is pending resolution.
c) On January 16, 2025 the Government of Maharashtra, Directorate of Industries has issued eligibility certificate for Mega (expansion) Unit under Electronics Policy - 2016 and Package Schemes of Incentive - 2013.
As per the eligibility certificate investment of ' 7,057.41 Millions for the period November 01, 2017 to October 30, 2024 is approved under Mega category. Pursuant to this approval, the Company is entitled to get the incentive of ' 7,057.41 Millions in the form of SGST refund, electricity duty exemption, stamp duty exemption, refund of employees contribution to Employees provident fund, power tariff subsidy and exemption from payment of property tax. The period to claim the incentive amount is from May 01, 2025 to April 30, 2040 subject to and overall annual limit of ' 470.50 Millions.
The Company has recorded claim aggregating to ' 431.29 Millions for the year ended March 31, 2026 (March 31, 2025: Nil Million).The outstanding balance of claims receivable as at March 31, 2026: ' 431.29 Millions (March 31, 2025: Nil Million) has been included in government grant recoverable in Note No. 7.
d) I n terms of the package scheme of incentive 2007 as notified by the Government of Maharashtra, the Company received another eligibility certificate for availing industrial promotion subsidy under the status of mega project involving expansion by way of fixed capital investment in the existing project at its factory at Ranjangaon, Pune. The Company is eligible for the subsidy provided the additional fixed capital investments of the Company is not less than ' 5,000 Millions made over a period of five years commencing from April 1, 2011 to March 31, 2016. The industrial promotion subsidy is restricted to the lower of 75% of the fixed capital investment and 50% of VAT deposited with the Government of Maharashtra on the increased turnover calculated in proportion to the existing investment in factory at Ranjangaon.
The Company has recorded claim aggregating to ' 5.71 Millions for the year ended March 31, 2026 (March 31, 2025: ' 531.26 Millions). The outstanding balance of claims receivable as at March 31, 2026 aggregating to ' 1,035.38 Millions (March 31, 2025: ' 1,522.13 Millions) has been included in government grant recoverable in Note No. 7.
e) Export benefit recoverable includes Duty Drawback Scheme wherein relief of duties suffered on the inputs used in the manufacture of products which are exported is allowed to the Company, the Merchandise Exports from India Scheme (MEIS) under Foreign Trade Policy of India (FTP 2015-20) which provides incentive in the form of duty credit scrip to the exporter to compensate for loss on payment of duties and, the Remission of Duties or Taxes on Export Products Scheme (RoDTEP) allowed to neutralize duties and taxes suffered on the inputs used in the manufacture of products which are exported in a freely convertible foreign currency.
The Company has recorded claim aggregating to ' 315.76 Millions for the year ended March 31, 2026 (March 31, 2025: ' 352.16 Millions) (Included in Note No.18).
The outstanding balance of claims receivable as at March 31, 2026 aggregating to ' 106.64 Millions (March 31, 2025: ' 125.78 Millions) has been included in government grant recoverable in Note No. 7.
f) I n terms of the package scheme of incentive scheme 2012 as notified by the Government of India, the Company received eligibility certificate for availing industrial promotion incentive under the status of modified special incentive package scheme involving expansion by way of fixed capital investment in the existing project at its factory at Ranjangaon, Pune and Surajpur, Noida. The Company is eligible for the incentive provided the additional fixed capital investments of the Company is not less than 25% of existing fixed capital investment made over a period of 10 years. The industrial promotion incentive is restricted to the 25% of fixed capital investment.
The Company has recorded claim aggregating to ' 477.18 Millions for the year ended March 31, 2026 (March 31, 2025: ' 593.12 Millions).
g) The Company is setting-up its third manufacturing facility ("facility") in Sri City, Tirupati, in the state of Andhra Pradesh with projected investment of ' 50,010.00 Millions.The required approvals have been received from the Government of Andhra Pradesh vide G.O. MS. No. 77 dated November 26, 2024, granting a special incentive package to the Company in the form of providing fiscal and other incentives which are subject to compliance with relevant Government Policy.
The recognition and measurement of the aforesaid incentives in the financial statements shall be based on fulfillment of the prescribed conditions and in accordance with the applicable accounting standards.
NOTE 40 : ADDITIONAL REGULATORY INFORMATION REQUIRED BY SCHEDULE III OF THE COMPANIES ACT, 2013
NOTE 38 : TRANSFER PRICING
The Company has established a comprehensive system for maintenance of information and documents as required by the transfer pricing legislation under Sections 92-92F of the Income Tax Act, 1961 and has documented transfer pricing benchmarking study upto the year ended March 31, 2025. Since the law requires contemporaneous transfer pricing documentation, the Company is in the process of updating the documentation in respect of international transactions entered into with the associated enterprises during the year ended March 31, 2026, and expects such records to be in existence on or before the due date prescribed under the law. The management is of the opinion that the international transactions entered are at arm's length and that the aforesaid transfer pricing legislation is not expected to have any material impact on the Financial Statements.
(i) Details of benami property held
No proceedings have been initiated on or are pending against the Company for holding benami property under the Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Act, 1988 (45 of 1988) and Rules made thereunder.
(ii) Borrowing secured against current assets
The Company does not have borrowings from banks and financial institutions on the basis of security of current assets.
(iii) Willful defaulter
The Company has not been declared willful defaulter by any bank or financial institution or government or any government authority.
(iv) Relationship with struck off Companies
The Company does not have any relationship with any struck off Company.
(v) Compliance with number of layers of companies
The Company has not invested in any other company during the current financial year or previous financial year and does not have any investment in any other company as at March 31, 2026 and March 31, 2025. Hence, the compliance with respect to the number of layers prescribed under clause 87 of Section 2 of the Companies Act, 2013 read with the Companies (Restriction on number of Layers) Rules, 2017 is not applicable to the Company.
(vi) Compliance with approved scheme(s) of arrangements
The Company has not entered into any scheme of arrangement which has an accounting impact on current financial year or previous financial year.
(vii) Utilisation of borrowed funds and share premium
A) The Company has not advanced or loaned or invested funds to any other person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities (Intermediaries) with the understanding that the Intermediary shall:
a. Directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Company (Ultimate Beneficiaries) or
b. Provide any guarantee, security or the like to or on behalf of the ultimate beneficiaries.
B) The Company has not received any fund from any person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities (Funding Party) with the understanding (whether recorded in writing or otherwise) that the Company shall:
a. Directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Funding Party (Ultimate Beneficiaries) or
b. Provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the ultimate beneficiaries.
(viii) Undisclosed income
There is no income surrendered or disclosed as income during the current financial year or previous financial year in the tax assessments under the Income Tax Act, 1961, that has not been recorded in the books of account.
(ix) Details of crypto currency or virtual currency
The Company has not traded or invested in crypto currency or virtual currency during the current financial year or previous financial year.
(x) Valuation of Property, plant and equipment, right-of-use assets, and intangible asset
The Company has not revalued its property, plant and equipment (including right-of-use assets) or intangible assets or both during the current or previous year.
NOTE 41 : On November 21, 2025, the Government of India notified four labour codes: the Code on Wages, 2019; Industrial Relations Code, 2020; Code on Social Security, 2020; and Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020, thereby consolidating 29 labour laws. The Ministry of Labour & Employment also issued draft Central Rules and FAQs to facilitate impact assessment.
Based on the best available information and guidance from the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, the Company recognised an incremental impact of ' 124.50 Millions towards gratuity and compensated absences in the Financial Statements for the year ended March 31, 2026, primarily due to the revised wage definition.
The Company will continue to monitor the finalisation of Central and State Rules and further Government clarifications and will record any additional impact, as and when required.
NOTE 42:SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
There are no subsequent events that have occurred after the reporting period till the date of approval of the Financial Statements.
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