2.14 Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets Provisions

A provision is recognized in the statement of profit and loss if, as a result of a past event, the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation that can be estimated reliably, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation. If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows at a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. Where discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognized as a finance cost.

Contingent liabilities and contingent assets

A disclosure for a contingent liability is made when there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that may, but probably will not, require an outflow of resources. Where there is a possible obligation or a present obligation in respect of which the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.

Contingent assets are not recognized in the financial statements. However, contingent assets are assessed continually and if it is virtually certain that an inflow of economic benefits will arise, the asset and related income are recognized in the period in which the change occurs.

Onerous contracts

A provision for onerous contracts is recognised in the statement of profit and loss when the expected benefits to be derived by the Company from a contract are lower than the unavoidable cost of meeting its obligations under the contract. The provision is measured at the present value of the lower of the expected cost of terminating the contract and the expected net cost of continuing with the contract. Before a provision is established, the Company recognises any impairment loss on the assets associated with that contract.

Reimbursement rights

Expected reimbursements for expenditures required to settle a provision are recognised in the statement of profit and loss only when receipt of such reimbursements is virtually certain. Such reimbursements are recognised as a separate asset in the balance sheet, with a corresponding credit to the specific expense for which the provision has been made.

2.15 Revenue recognition:

Ind AS 115 recognizes revenue on transfer of the control of goods or services, either over a period of time or at a point in time, at an amount that the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In order to align with Ind AS 115, the Accounting policy on revenue recognition was reviewed and revised.

The Company primarily earns revenue from Contract research and testing services.

Revenue is recognised upon transfer of control of promised services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expect to receive in exchange for those services.

Revenue from providing services is recognised in the accounting period in which such services are rendered. At contract inception, the Company assesses its promise to transfer services to a customer to identify separate performance obligations. The Company applies judgment to determine whether each service promised to a customer is capable of being distinct, and are distinct in the context of the contract, if not, the promised services are combined and accounted as a single performance obligation. The company allocates the arrangement consideration to separately identifiable performance obligation based on their relative stand-alone selling price or residual method.

In case of fixed-price contracts, the customer pays the fixed amount based on a payment schedule. If the services rendered by the company exceed the payment, a contract asset is recognised. If the payments exceed the services rendered, a contract liability is recognised.

Revenues in excess/short of invoicing are classified as assets/liabilities, as the case may be.

2.16 Dividend and Interest Income

Dividend income is recognised in profit or loss on the date on which the Group's right to receive payment is established.

Interest Income mainly comprises of interest on Margin money deposit with banks relating to bank guarantee and term deposits.

Interest income or expense is recognised using the effective interest method (EIR).

Interest is recognized using the time-proportion method, based on rates implicit in the transactions.

2.17 Borrowing Costs

Borrowing costs are interest and other costs incurred in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing costs directly attributable to acquisition or construction of an asset which necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use are capitalised as part of the cost of that asset. Other borrowing costs are recognised as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.

2.18 Tax Expenses

Income tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. It is recognised in profit or loss except to the extent that it relates to a business combination, or items recognised directly in equity or in Other comprehensive income.

The Company has determined that interest and penalties related to income taxes, including uncertain tax treatments, do not meet the definition of income taxes, and therefore accounted for them under Ind AS 37 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets.

Current tax

Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date. Current income tax relating to items recognised outside the statement of profit and loss is recognised outside the statement of profit and loss (either in OCI or in equity in correlation to the underlying transaction). Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions, where appropriate.

Deferred tax

Deferred tax is provided using the liability method on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and theircarrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.

Deferred tax liabilities and assets are recognized for all taxable temporary differences and deductible temporary differences.

Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilized.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilised.

Unrecognised deferred tax assets are re-assessed at each reporting date and are recognised to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

Deferred tax relating to items recognised outside the statement of profit and loss is recognised outside the statement of profit and loss (either in OCI or in equity in correlation to the underlying transaction).

Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.

Minimum alternate tax (MAT) paid in a year is charged to the statement of profit and loss as current tax for the year. The deferred tax asset is recognised for MAT credit available only to the extent that it is probable that the Company will pay normal income taxduring the specified year, i.e., the yearfor which MAT credit is allowed to be carried forward. In the year in which the Company recognizes MAT credit as an asset, it is created by way of credit to the statement of profit and loss and shown as part of deferred tax asset. The Company reviews the “MAT credit entitlement” asset at each reporting date and writes down the asset to the extent that it is no longer probable that it will pay normal tax during the specified period.

Goods and Service Tax (GST) paid on acquisition of assets or on incurring expenses

When the tax incurred on purchase of assets or services is not recoverable from the taxation authority, the tax paid is recognised as part of the cost of acquisition of the asset or as part of the expense item, as applicable. Otherwise, expenses and assets are recognized net of the amount of taxes paid. The net amount of tax recoverable from, or payable to, the taxation authority is included as part of receivables or payables in the balance sheet.

2.19 Leases

The Company assesses at contract inception whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. That is, if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.

The Company as a lessee

The Company applies a single recognition and measurement approach for all leases, except for short-term leases and leases of low-value assets. The Company recognises lease liabilities to make lease payments and right-of-use assets representing the right to use the underlying assets.

Right-of-use assets

The Company recognises right-of-use assets at the commencement date of the lease (i.e., the date the underlying asset is available for use). Right-of-use assets are measured at cost, less any accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, and adjusted for any remeasurement of lease liabilities.

The cost of right-of-use assets includes the amount of lease liabilities recognised, initial direct costs incurred, and lease payments made at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received.

Right-of-use assets are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term and the estimated useful lives of the assets. If ownership of the leased asset transfers to the Company at the end of the lease term or the cost reflects the exercise of a purchase option, depreciation is calculated using the estimated useful life of the asset.

The right-of-use assets are also subject to impairment. Refer to the accounting policies in section of Impairment of non-financial assets.

Lease liabilities

At the commencement date of the lease, the Company recognizes lease liabilities measured at the present value of lease payments to be made over the lease term. The lease payments include fixed payments (including in-substance fixed payments) less any lease incentives receivable, variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, and amounts expected to be paid under residual value guarantees. The lease payments also include the exercise price of a purchase option reasonably certain to be exercised by the Company and payments of penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease term reflects the Variable lease payments that do not depend on an index ora rate are recognized as expenses (unless they are incurred to produce inventories) in the period in which the event or condition that triggers the payment occurs.

In calculating the present value of lease payments, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date because the interest rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable. After the commencement date, the amount of lease liabilities is increased to reflect the accretion of interest and reduced for the lease payments made. In addition, the carrying amount of lease liabilities is re-measured if there is a modification, a change in the lease term, a change in the lease payments (e.g., changes to future payments resulting from a change in an index or rate used to determine such lease payments) or a change in the assessment of an option to purchase the underlying asset. The Company's lease liabilities are included in Borrowings.

Short-term leases and leases of low-value assets

The Company applies the short-term lease recognition exemption to its short-term leases (i.e., those leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less from the commencement date and do not contain a purchase option). It also applies the lease of low-value assets recognition exemption to leases that are considered to be of low value. Lease payments on short-term leases and leases of low-value assets are recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

2.20 Earnings PerShare Basic earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders (after deducting preference dividends and attributable taxes) by the weighted average numberof equity shares outstanding during the year.

The weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year is adjusted for events such as bonus issue, bonus element in a rights issue, share split, and reverse share split (consolidation of shares) that have changed the number of equity shares outstanding, without a corresponding change in resources.

Diluted earnings pershare

Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the profit (considered in determination of basic earnings per share) after considering the effect of interest and other financing costs or income (net of attributable taxes) associated with dilutive potential equity shares by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per share adjusted for the weighted average number of equity shares that would have been issued upon conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares.

2.21 Segment reporting

The Company is engaged in the in "Clinical "Research Services and the same constitutes a single reportable business segment as per Ind AS 108.

2.22 Share capital

Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of equity shares are recognised as a deduction from equity. Income tax relating to transaction costs of an equity transaction is accounted for in accordance with Ind AS 12.

2.23 Significant accounting judgements, estimates, and assumption

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with Ind AS requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. These estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experiences and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised and in any future periods affected. In particular, the areas involving critical estimates or Judgment are:

Determining the lease term of contracts with renewal and termination options

The Company determines the lease term as the noncancellable term of the lease, together with any periods covered by an option to extend the lease if it is reasonably certain to be exercised, or any periods covered by an option to terminate the lease, if it is reasonably certain not to be exercised. The Company has several lease contracts that include extension and termination options. The Company applies judgement in evaluating whether it is reasonably certain to exercise the option to renew or terminate the lease. That is, it considers all relevant factors that create an economic incentive for it to exercise either the renewal or termination. After the commencement date, the Company reassesses the lease term if there is a significant event or change in circumstances that is within its control and affects its ability to exercise or not to exercise the option to renew or to terminate. Furthermore, the periods covered by termination options are included as part of the lease term only when they are reasonably certain not to be exercised.

Property, plant and equipment

The depreciation of property, plant and equipment is derived on determining an estimate of an asset's expected useful life and the expected residual value at the end of its life. The useful lives and residual values of Company's assets are determined by management at the time of acquisition of asset and is reviewed periodically, including at each financial year end. The lives are based on historical experience with similar assets as well as anticipation of future events, which may impact their life.

Impairment of financial and non-financial assets

Significant management judgement is required to determine the amounts of impairment loss on the financial and nonfinancial assets. The calculations of impairment loss are sensitive to underlying assumptions.

Tax provisions and contingencies

Significant management judgement is required to determine the amounts of tax provisions and contingencies. Deferred tax assets are recognised for unused tax losses and MAT credit entitlements to the extent it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which these losses and credit entitlements can be utilized. Significant management judgement is required to determine the amount of deferred tax assets that can be recognized, based upon the likely timing and the level of future taxable profits together with future tax planning strategies.

Defined benefit plans

The cost of the defined benefit plan and the present value of the obligation are determined using actuarial valuation. An actuarial valuation involves various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future salary increases and mortality rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date.

The parameter most subject to change is the discount rate. In determining the appropriate discount rate for plans operated in India, the management considers the interest rates of government bonds where remaining maturity of such bond correspond to expected term of defined benefit obligation.

The mortality rate is based on publicly available mortality tables. Those mortality tables tend to change only at interval in response to demographic changes. Future salary increases and gratuity increases are based on expected future inflation rates.

Fair value measurement of financial instruments

When the fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities recorded in the balance sheet cannot be measured based on quoted prices in active markets, their fair value is measured using internal valuation techniques. The inputs to these models are taken from observable markets where possible, but where this is not feasible, a degree of judgement is required in establishing fair values. Judgements include considerations of inputs such as liquidity risk, credit risk and volatility. Changes in assumptions about these factors could affect the reported fair value of financial instruments.

Note points for loans

Machinery Loan of Rs.260.64 Lakhs from Karur Vysya Bank repayable in 74 monthly installments commenced from 22 January 2019 interest rate @ 10.50%.

Covid Loan of Rs. 250.00 Lakhs from Karur Vysya Bank repayable in 37 monthly installments commenced from 05 November2021 interest rate @ 8.20%

Covid Loan of Rs. 175.00 Lakhs from Karur Vysya Bank repayable in 38 monthly installments commencing from 05 April 2024 interest rate @ 8.15%.

Cash credit from KVB Bank is primarly secured by hypothecation of entire current assets of the company both present and future.

Machinery and Covid Loans from KVB Banks are primarly secured by hypothecation of machinery/asset procured against bankfinance.

Car loan of Rs. 30.06 Lakhs from HDFC Bank repayable in 48 monthly installments commenced from 07 September2023 interest rate @ 8.80%..

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the Ind AS financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, as below, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:

Level 1: Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

Level 2: Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable

Level 3: Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.

The Company's principal financial liabilities comprise borrowings, trade and other payables. The main purpose of these financial liabilities is to finance the Company's operations. The Company’s principal financial assets include investments, trade and other receivables, cash and cash equivalents, bank balances, security deposits and derivatives that are out of regular business operations.

The Company is exposed to market risk, credit risk and liquidity risk. The Company's senior management oversees the management of these risks. The Company's risk management is carried out by a treasury department under policies approved by the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors provides written principles for overall risk management, as well as policies covering specific areas, such as foreign exchange risk, interest rate risk, credit risk, use of derivative financial instruments and non-derivative financial instruments, and investment of excess liquidity.

(a) Market risk

Market risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows of a financial instrument that will fluctuate because of changes in market prices. Market risk comprises three types of risk i.e. interest rate risk, currency risk and other price risk, such as commodity risk. Financial instruments affected by market risk include borrowings, derivatives financial instruments and trade payables.

i. Interest rate risk

Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of the Company's financial instruments will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates. The Company's exposure to the risk of changes in market interest rate relates primarily to the Company's borrowings with floating interest rates. The following table demonstrates the sensitivity to a reasonably possible change in interest rates on borrowings affected. With all other variables held constant, the Company's profit before tax is affected through the impact on floating rate borrowings, without considering impact of derivatives not designated as hedges, as follows:

ii. Foreign currency risk

Foreign currency risk is the risk that the fair value or future cashflows of an exposure will fluctuate because of changes in foreign exchange rates. The Company's exposure to the risk of changes in foreign exchange rates relates primarily to the Company’s foreign currency borrowings and trade payables. The summary of derivative instruments and unhedged foreign currency exposure is as below:

(b) Credit risk

Credit risk is the risk of loss that may arise on outstanding financial instruments if a counterparty default on its obligations. The Company's exposure to credit risk arises majorly from trade and other receivables. Other financial assets like security deposits and bank deposits are mostly with government authorities and scheduled banks and hence, the Company does not expect any credit risk with respect to these financial assets.

Trade and other receivables

The Company’s exposure to credit risk is influenced mainly by the individual characteristics of each customer. The demographics of the customer, including the default risk of the industry and country in which the customer operates, also has an influence on credit risk assessment. Credit risk is managed through credit approvals, establishing credit limits and continuously monitoring the creditworthiness of customers to which the Company grants credit terms in the normal course of business.

Investments

The Company limits its exposure to credit risk by generally investing in liquid securities and only with counterparties that have a good credit rating. The Company does not expect any losses from nonperformance by these counter-parties, and does not have any significant concentration of exposures to specific industry sectors or specific country risks.

Details of financial assets-not due, pastdueand impaired

None of the Company's cash equivalents, including term deposits with banks, were past due or impaired as of 31 March 2023. The Company's credit period for trade and other receivables payable by its customers generally ranges from 30-90 days.

c) Liquidity risk

The Company's objective is to maintain optimum levels of liquidity to meet its cash and collateral requirements at all times. The Company relies on a mix of borrowings and excess operating cash flows to meet its needs for funds. The current committed lines of credit are sufficient to meet its short to medium/long term expansion needs. The Company monitors rolling forecasts of its liquidity requirements to ensure it has sufficient cash to meet operational needs while maintaining sufficient headroom on its undrawn committed borrowing facilities at all times so that the Company does not breach borrowing limits or covenants (where applicable) on any of its borrowing facilities.

The table below summarises the maturity profile of the Company's financial liabilities on undiscounted

basis:

Reasons:

1. Decrease in Current Borrowings as compared to last year.

2. Decrease in loss as compared to last year.

3. Loss reported in current financial year is lesser when compared to loss in previous financial year.

4. Decrease in average inventory in the current year resulted in increase in Inventory Turnover ratio along with increase in turnoverwhen compared to previous financial year.

5. I ncrease in average trade receivables in the current year.

6. Decrease in average trade payables in current year.

7. Loss reported in current financial year is lesser when compared to loss in previous financial year.

8. Decrease in loss before interest and taxes.

42. Other statutory information

1. The Company does not have any Benami property, where any proceeding has been initiated or pending against the Company for holding any Benami property.

2. The Company does not have any transactions with struck off companies.

3. The Company does not have any charges or satisfaction which is yet to be registered with ROC beyond the statutory period.

4. The Company has not traded or invested in Crypto currency or Virtual Currency during the financial year.

5. The Company has not advanced or loaned or invested funds to any other person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities (Intermediaries) with the understanding that the Intermediary shall

a) directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the company (Ultimate Beneficiaries) or

b) provide any guarantee, security orthe like to or on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.

6. The Company has not received any fund from any person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities (Funding Party) with the understanding (whether recorded in writing or otherwise) that the Company shall

a) directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Funding Party (Ultimate Beneficiaries) or

b) provide any guarantee, security orthe like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.

7. The Company has not entered in to any transaction which is not recorded in the books of accounts that has been surrendered or disclosed as income during the year in the tax assessments under the Income Tax Act, 1961 (such as, search or survey or any other relevant provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961).

8. The Company has not been declared as willful defaulter by any bank or financial institution or other lender.

9. The Company has complied with the number of layers prescribed under clause (87) of section 2 of the Act read with the Companies (Restriction on numberof Layers) Rules, 2017.

10. No Scheme of Arrangements has been approved by the Competent Authority in terms of sections 230 to 237 of the Companies Act, 2013, during the year.

11. The Company does not have any borrowings from banks or financial institutions against security of its current assets.

43. Capital Management

For the purpose of the Company’s capital management, capital includes issued equity capital, convertible preference shares, securities premium and all other equity reserves attributable to the equity holders of the parent. The primary objective of the Company's capital management is to maximise the shareholder value.

The Company manages its capital structure and makes adjustments in light of changes in economic conditions and the requirements of the financial covenants. To maintain or adjust the capital structure, the Company may adjust the dividend payment to shareholders, return capital to shareholders or issue new shares. The Company monitors capital using a gearing ratio, which is net debt divided by total capital plus net debt. The Company includes within net debt, interest bearing loans and borrowings, less cash and cash equivalents, excluding discontinued operations.

44. Leases

The Company has lease contracts for buildings. The leases generally have lease terms between 2 to 4 years. The Company's obligations under its leases are secured by the lessor's title to the leased assets. Generally, the Company is restricted from assigning and sub-leasing the leased assets. There lease contracts that include extension and termination options, which are further discussed below.

The Company also has certain leases with lease terms of 12 months or less and leases with low value. The Company applies the 'short-term lease’ and 'lease of low-value assets' recognition exemptions for these leases.

Refer Note 3 for details of carrying amounts of right-of-use assets recognised and the movements during the year. Set out below are the carrying amounts of lease liabilities (included under interest-bearing borrowings) and the movements during the year:

45. Previous period/year figures have been regrouped/re-classified wherever necessary, to conform to current period’s classification in order to comply with the requirements of the amended Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013.

As per our report of even date attached for and on behalf of the Board of Directors

for PAVULURI & Co JEEVAN SCIENTIFIC TECHNOLOGY LIMITED

Chartered Accountants

Firm Regn No:012194S Sd/- Sd/-

K. Krishna Kishore M Snigdha

Sd/- Vice Chairman & Managing Director CEO & Executive Director

CA. N. RAJESH DIN: 00876539 DIN: 08934860

Partner

Membership No: 223169 Sd/- Sd/-

UDIN: 24223169BKATCU2805 K Jeevan Krishna Kodati Krishna Sainadh

Executive Director & Chief Financial Officer Company Secretary

Place: Hyderabad DIN: 08207809 M.No:A69904

Date: 30-05-2024