p) Provisions and Contingent Liabilities
Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events, it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation and the amount can be reliably estimated. Provisions are not recognised for future operating losses.
Where there are a number of similar obligations, the likelihood that an outflow will be required in settlement is determined by considering the class of obligations as a whole. A provision is recognised even if the likelihood of an outflow with respect to any one item included in the same class of obligations may be small.
Provisions are measured at the present value of management’s best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period. The discount rate used to determine the present value is a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability.
Provisions for onerous contracts are recognised when the expected benefits to be derived by the Company from a contract are lower than the unavoidable costs of meeting the future obligations under the contract. The provision is measured at the present value of the lower of the expected cost of terminating the contract and the expected net cost of continuing with the contract. Before a provision is established the Company recognizes any impairment loss on the assets associated with that contract.
The Company uses significant judgements to assess contingent liabilities. Contingent liabilities are recognised when there is a possible obligation arising from past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or a present obligation that arises from past events where it is either not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation or a reliable estimate of the amount cannot be made. Contingent assets are neither recognised nor disclosed in the standalone financial statements.
q) Cost Recognition
Costs and expenses are recognised when incurred and have been classified according to their primary nature. The costs of the Company are broadly categorised in Professional & technical outsourcing expenses, employee benefit expenses, purchases of stock-in-trade, depreciation and amortisation, finance cost and other expenses. Professional & technical outsourcing expenses include service and delivery charges including any incidental expenses thereto. Employee costs include employee compensation, allowances paid, contribution to various funds, share based payments and staff welfare expenses. Other expenses majorly include rental, travelling and conveyance, legal and professional fees, marketing and advertising expenses, allowances for expected credit loss and other expenses.
r) Employee benefits
(i) Short-term obligations
Liabilities for wages and salaries, including non-monetary benefits that are expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service are recognised in respect of employees’ services up to the end of the reporting period and are measured at the amounts expected to be paid when the liabilities are settled. The liabilities are presented as current employee benefit obligations in the balance sheet.
(ii) Other long-term employee benefit obligations
The liabilities for earned leave and sick leave are not expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service. They are therefore measured as the present value of expected future payments to be made in respect of services provided by employees up to the end of the reporting period using the projected unit credit method. The benefits are discounted using the market yields at the end of the reporting period that have terms approximating to the terms of the related obligation. Remeasurement as a result of experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in profit or loss.
The obligations are presented as current liabilities in the balance sheet if the entity does not have an unconditional right to defer settlement for at least twelve months after the reporting period, regardless of when the actual settlement is expected to occur.
(iii) Post-employment obligations
The Company operates the following post-employment schemes:
- Defined benefit plans such as Gratuity and Compensated Absences.
- Defined contribution plan such as Provident fund, Superannuation Fund, Pension fund and National Pension system.
Gratuity
The liability or asset recognised in the balance sheet in respect of defined benefit gratuity plans is the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the end of the reporting period less the fair value of plan assets. The defined benefit obligation is calculated annually by actuaries using the projected unit credit method.
The present value of the defined benefit obligation denominated in Rs. is determined by discounting the estimated future cash outflows by reference to market yields at the end of the reporting period on government bonds that have terms approximating to the terms of the related obligation.
The net interest cost is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net balance of the defined benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets. This cost is included in employee benefit expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
Remeasurement gains and losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in the period in which they occur, directly in other comprehensive income. They are included in retained earnings in the Statement of Changes in Equity and in the balance sheet.
Changes in the present value of the defined benefit obligation resulting from plan amendments or curtailments are recognised immediately in profit or loss as past service cost.
Compensated absences
Liability in respect of compensated absences is provided for both encashable leave and those expected to be availed. The Company has defined benefit plans for compensated absences for employees, the liability for which is determined on the basis of an actuarial valuation at the end of the year using projected unit credit method. Any gain or loss arising out of such valuation is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss as income or expense as the case may be.
Accumulated compensated absences, which are expected to be availed within twelve months from the end of the year are treated as short term employee benefits. The obligation towards the same is measured at the expected undiscounted cost of accumulated compensated absences expected to be availed based on the unutilised entitlement at the year end.
Provident fund
The Company’s contribution towards Provident Fund is charged to Standalone statement of profit and loss. Provident fund contributions are made to the Regional Provident Fund Commissioner in accordance with the Employee Provident Fund Rules and are accounted as defined contribution plans and charged to standalone statement of profit and loss.
Superannuation fund
The Company makes defined contribution to the Trust established for the purpose by the Company towards superannuation fund maintained with Life Insurance Corporation of India. The Company has no further obligations beyond its monthly contributions. Contribution made during the year is charged to Statement of Profit and Loss.
Pension Fund
The Company makes defined contribution to a government administered pension fund towards it’s pension plan on behalf of its employees. The Company has no further obligations beyond its monthly contributions. The contribution towards Employee Pension Scheme is charged to Statement of Profit and Loss.
National Pension System
The Company makes defined contribution towards National Pension System for certain employees for which Company has no further obligation. Contributions made during the year are charged to Statement of Profit and Loss.
(iv) Share based payment reserve - Employee stock option plan (ESOP)
The Company operates equity settled employee share based employee settled plan. The fair value of options granted under the ‘NLSL ESOP 2023-0’ is recognised as an employee benefit expenses with a corresponding increase in equity. The total amount to be expensed is determined by reference to the fair value of the options granted:
• including any market performance conditions (e.g., the entity’s share price)
• excluding the impact of any service and non-market performance vesting conditions (e.g. profitability, sales growth targets and remaining an employee of the entity over a specified time period), and
• including the impact of any non-vesting conditions (e.g. the requirement for employees to save or holdings shares for a specific period of time).
The total expense is recognised over the vesting period, which is the period over which all of the specified vesting conditions are to be satisfied. At the end of each period, the entity revises its estimates of the number of options that are expected to vest based on the non-market vesting and service conditions. It recognises the impact of the revision to original estimates, if any, in profit or loss, with a corresponding adjustment to equity.
s) Share capital Equity share capital
Issuance of ordinary shares are recognised as equity share capital in equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issuance of new equity shares are recognised as a deduction from equity, net of any tax effects.
t) Dividends
The final dividend on shares is recorded as a liability on the date of approval by the shareholders and interim dividends are recorded as a liability on the date of declaration by the Company’s Board of Directors.
The Company declares and pays dividends in Indian rupees. Companies are required to pay/distribute dividend after deducting applicable taxes. The remittance of dividends outside India is governed by Indian law on foreign exchange and is also subject to withholding tax at applicable rates.
u) Earnings per share
(i) Basic earnings per share
Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the profit attributable to owners of the Company by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the financial year.
(ii) Diluted earnings per share
Diluted earnings per share adjusts the figures used in the determination of basic earnings per share to take into account:
• the after income tax effect of interest and other financing costs associated with dilutive potential equity shares, and
• the weighted average number of additional equity shares that would have been outstanding assuming the conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares.
v) Critical accounting estimates and judgements
In preparing these financial statements, management has made judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Actual results may differ from these estimates. Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised prospectively. Information about significant areas of estimation/uncertainty and judgements in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effect on the financial statements are as follows:
- measurement of defined benefit obligations: key actuarial assumptions - refer notes 2r and 18.
- measurement of useful life and residual values of property, plant and equipment, and Intangible assets -refer note 2l, 2m and 2n.
- determination of lease term -refer note 2f.
- judgement required to determine grant date fair value technique -refer notes 2r(iv) and 26.
- fair value measurement of financial instruments - refer note 27.
- judgement required to determine probability of recognition of deferred tax assets - refer note 2e.
There are no assumptions and estimation uncertainties that have a significant risk of resulting in a material adjustment within the next financial year.
w) Exceptional items
Exceptional items refer to items of income or expense within the income statement that are of such size, nature or incidence that their separate disclosure is considered necessary to explain the performance for the year.
Following items are evaluated for disclosure as exceptional items:
a) Business Combination: Impact of one-time accounting policy alignment / unusual write off / impairment of assets arising as a result of business combination, including transaction cost.
b) Fair valuation gains on business combination.
c) Reassessment / Change in life of asset (in case of re-evaluation of business/product, impact of all assets specific to that business/ product to be considered for applying the threshold).
d) Disputed regulatory / tax levies including tax rate change having retrospective impact (other than impact on account of restatement of deferred tax asset / liability for tax rate change) - only impact for the past periods to be disclosed as exceptional.
e) Provision for other than temporary diminution in the value of non-current investment.
f) Shareholders’ dispute settlement arising out of merger / acquisition transactions.
g) Write-downs of inventories to net realisable value or of property, plant and equipment to recoverable amount, as well as reversals of such write-downs.
h) Restructurings of the activities of an entity and reversals of any provisions for the costs of restructuring.
In case of other significant item of income or expense, not covered above, the same would be evaluated on a case to case basis for disclosure under exceptional items.
x) Recent Accounting Pronouncements New and Amended Standards
The Company applied for the first-time certain standards and amendments, which are effective for annual periods beginning on or after April 01,2025. The Company has not early adopted any standard, interpretation or amendment that has been issued but is not yet effective.
(i) Amendments to Ind AS 21 - Lack of exchangeability - The amendments do not have any material impact on the Company’s financial statements.
(ii) Amendments to Ind AS 1 - Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non-current and Non-current Liabilities with Covenants -
The amendments do not have any impact on the Company’s financial statements.
(iii) Other Standards not applicable to the company:
(a) Amendments to Ind AS 7 and Ind AS 107 - Supplier Finance Arrangements
(b) International Tax Reform—Pillar Two Model Rules - Amendments to Ind AS 12
Footnotes for Nature and Purpose of Reserves
(i) Capital Reserve
Capital reserve represents the reserve created on pursuant to scheme of arrangement.
(ii) Securities Premium Account
The amount represents the additional amount shareholders paid for their issued shares that was in excess of the par value of those shares. The same can be utilised for the items specified under section 52 of Companies Act, 2013.
(iii) Share Based Payment Reserve
Share Based Payment Reserve is used to record the fair value of equity settled share based payment transaction with employees. The amounts recorded in share options outstanding account are transferred to securities premium, upon exercise of stock options, and transferred to retained earnings on account of stock options not exercised by employees.
(iv) Retained Earnings
Retained earnings are the profit/(loss) that the Company has earned/incurred till date, less any transfers to dividends or other distribution paid to shareholders. Retained Earnings include re-measurement loss/(gain) on defined benefit plans, net of taxes that will not be reclassified to statement of profit and loss.
Trade receivables are non-interest bearing and are generally on terms of 30 - 90 days. A sum of Rs. 0.85 Million (Previous year Rs. 0.29 Million) is recognised as allowance for expected credit loss (net of reversal) on trade receivables during the year.
Unbilled revenues are billed in a terms of 30 - 90 days. A sum of Rs. Nil (Previous year Rs. Nil) is recognised as allowance for expected credit loss (net of reversal) on unbilled revenue during the year.
During the year ended March 31, 2026, the Company recognized revenue of Rs. 9.38 Million (Previous year Rs. 34.65 Million) arising from opening contract liability (deferred revenue and advance from customer).
A receivables is right to consideration that is unconditional upon passage of time.
The Company classifies amounts due from customer but not billed as unbilled revenue or contract assets depending on whether the company has unconditional right to receive the sale consideration.
If only the passage of time is required before receipt of consideration is due, the amounts are classified as unbilled revenue under other financial assets. Otherwise, such amounts are classified as contract assets under other current assets.
A contract liability arises when there is excess billing over the revenue recognized and advances received from customers as per Contractual terms.
d. Performance obligation and remaining performance obligation
The remaining performance obligation disclosure provides the aggregate amount of the transaction price yet to be recognized as at the end of the reporting period and an explanation as to when the Company expects to recognize these amounts in revenue. Applying the practical expedient as given in Ind AS 115, the Company has not disclosed the remaining performance obligation related disclosures for contracts where the revenue recognized corresponds directly with the value to the customer of the entity’s performance completed to date, typically those contracts where invoicing is on time-and-material and unit of work-based contracts. Remaining performance obligation estimates are subject to change and are affected by several factors, including terminations, changes in the scope of contracts, periodic revalidations, adjustment for revenue that has not materialized and adjustments for currency fluctuations.
The aggregate value of performance obligations that are completely or partially unsatisfied as at March 31,2026 and March 31,2025, other than those meeting the exclusion criteria mentioned above, is Rs. 1.99 Million and Rs. 5.79 Million respectively.
Risk exposure
Through its defined benefit plans, the Company is exposed to a number of risks, the most significant of which are market volatility, changes in inflation, changes in interest rates, rising longevity, changing economic environment, regulatory changes etc. The Company ensures that the investment positions are managed within an asset-liability matching framework that has been developed to achieve investments which are in line with the obligations under the employee benefit plans. Within this framework, the Company’s asset-liability matching objective is to match assets to the obligations by investing in securities to match the benefit payments as they fall due.
The Company actively monitors how the duration and the expected yield of the investments are matching the expected cash outflows arising from employee benefit obligations. The Company has not changed the processes used to manage its risks from previous periods. Investments are well diversified, such that failure of any single investment should not have a material impact on the overall level of assets.
26 Share Based Payment
(a) Employee Stock Option Plan
The Company operates time based and equity settled share based plan. Pursuant to Scheme of Arrangement, with respect to the stock options granted already by the Transferor Company prior to the Effective Date to its employees or that of its subsidiaries (irrespective of whether they are employees of the Transferor Company or its subsidiaries or become employees of the Transferee Company or its subsidiaries pursuant to this Scheme) under the Existing ESOP Scheme, and upon the Scheme becoming effective, all such option holders (whether the options granted to such option holders are vested or not) shall also be issued the stock options by the Transferee Company under the New ESOP Scheme, in accordance with the share entitlement ratio of 1:1 as per the Scheme.
During the year 2023-24, NIIT Learning Systems Limited ESOP 2023-0 is established pursuant to the Composite Scheme of Arrangement between NIIT Limited (“NIIT”) and NIIT Learning Systems Limited (“NLSL”) and their respective shareholders and creditors (“Composite Scheme”), as approved by Hon’ble National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT), Chandigarh Bench vide its Order dated May 19, 2023. This plan is solely to provide NLSL stock options to NIIT Option Grantees, who hold unexercised NIIT stock options as on the Effective Date of the Composite Scheme i.e., May 24, 2023.
The Company, on January 31, 2024 has approved the institution of new ‘Employee Stock Option Plan 2024’ (“ESOP 2024” “Plan”), to cover all eligible employees of the Company and its holding/subsidiaries (existing and future) with an objective to reward them for their performance as well as to attract and retain talent in the Company. The Company has granted Stock Options under this Plan on July 01, 2024 and July 01,2025.
27 Fair value measurements
(i) Fair value hierarchy
To provide indication about the reliability of the inputs used in determining fair value, the Company has classified its financial instruments into the three levels prescribed under the accounting standard explained below:
Level 1: Level 1 hierarchy includes financial instruments measured using quoted prices. This includes listed equity instruments, traded bonds and mutual funds that have quoted price. The fair value of all equity instruments (including bonds) which are traded in the stock exchanges is valued using the closing price as at the reporting period. The mutual funds are valued using the closing net asset value.
Level 2: The fair value of financial instruments that are not traded in an active market (for example foreign exchange forward contracts) is determined using valuation techniques which maximize the use of observable market data and rely as little as possible on entity-specific estimates. If all significant inputs required to fair value an instrument are observable, the instrument is included in level 2.
Level 3: If one or more of the significant inputs is not based on observable market data, the instrument is included in level 3. This is the case for unlisted equity securities, contingent consideration and indemnification asset included in level 3.
(ii) Valuation technique used to determine fair value
Specific valuation techniques used to value financial instruments include:
- The use of quoted market prices for similar instruments.
- The fair value of forward foreign exchange contracts is determined using Mark to Market Valuation by the respective bank at the balance sheet date.
- The fair value of the remaining financial instruments is determined using discounted cash flow analysis.
The management has assessed that fair value of all other financial assets and liabilities including cash and cash equivalents, bank balances other than cash and cash equivalents, other investments, trade receivables, other financial assets, trade payables and other financial liabilities, approximate their carrying amounts largely due to short-term maturities of these instruments.
28 Financial Risk Management
The Company’s principal financial liabilities, other than derivatives, comprise borrowings, trade and other payables. The main purpose of these financial liabilities is to finance the Company’s operations and to provide guarantees to support its operations. The Company’s principal financial assets include trade and other receivables, and cash and short-term deposits that derive directly from its operations.
The Company is exposed to market risk, credit risk and liquidity risk. The Company’s senior management oversees the management of these risks. The Company’s senior management is supported by a financial risk committee that advises on financial risks and the appropriate financial risk governance framework for the Company. The finance committee provides assurance to the Company’s senior management that the Company’s financial risk activities are governed by appropriate policies and procedures and that financial risks are identified, measured and managed in accordance with the Company’s policies and risk objectives. All derivative activities for risk management purposes are carried out by specialist teams that have the appropriate skills, experience and supervision. It is the Company’s policy that no trading in derivatives for speculative purposes may be undertaken. The Board of Directors reviews and agrees policies for managing each of these risks, which are summarised below:
(A) Credit risk
Credit risk refers to the risk of default on its obligation by the counter party resulting in a financial loss. The maximum exposure to the credit risk at the reporting date is primarily from trade receivables (net) amounting to Rs. 1,221.60 Million as of March 31,2026 (Previous year Rs. 1,093.90 Million), unbilled revenue (net) amounting to Rs. 76.01 Million as of March 31,2026 (Previous year Rs. 152.79 Million) and security
(B) Liquidity risk
Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will encounter difficulty in meeting its obligations associated with financial liabilities. The Company’s principal sources of liquidity are cash and cash equivalents and the cash flow that is generated from operations. The Company has working capital limits from banks. However, the Company believes that the working capital is sufficient to meet its current requirements. Accordingly, no liquidity risk is perceived.
(C) Market risk
Market risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market prices. Market risk comprises three types of risk: interest rate risk, foreign currency risk and other price risk, such as equity price risk and commodity risk. Financial instruments affected by market risk include deposits, investments measured at FVTPL and derivative financial instruments.
(i) Interest rate risk
Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates.
(ii) Foreign currency risk
The Company operates internationally and is exposed to foreign exchange risk arising from foreign currency transactions, primarily with respect to the USD, GBP, EUR, CAD, and AUD. Foreign exchange risk arises from future commercial transactions and recognised assets and liabilities denominated in a currency that is not the company’s functional currency. The Company evaluates its exchange rate exposure arising from these transactions and enters into foreign exchange forward contracts to hedge forecasted cash flows denominated in foreign currency and mitigate such exposure.
29 Capital management
The primary objective of the management of the Company’s capital structure is to maintain an efficient mix of debt and equity in order to achieve a low cost of capital, while taking into account the desirability of retaining financial flexibility to pursue business opportunities and adequate access to liquidity to mitigate the effect of unforeseen events on cash flows to maximise the shareholder value. Management also monitors the return on equity.
The Board of directors regularly review the Company’s capital structure in light of the economic conditions, business strategies and future commitments.
For the purpose of the Company’s capital management, capital includes issued share capital, securities premium, all other reserves and debt. Debt includes lease liabilities and borrowings.
During the financial year, no significant changes were made in the objectives, policies or processes relating to the management of the Company’s capital structure.
b) Guarantees
i. Bank Guarantees issued to VAT Authorities outstanding at the end of the year Rs. 20.01 Million (Previous year Rs. 20.01 Million).
ii. Corporate Guarantee issued to ICICI Bank UK for availing working capital limit on behalf of NIIT Limited, UK up to GBP 4.20 Million (Previous year GBP 4.20 Million), Amount Outstanding at the end of the year is Rs. Nil (Previous year Rs. Nil).
iii. Corporate Guarantee issued to ICICI Bank UK for availing working capital limit on behalf of NIIT Ireland Limited, up to EUR 3.15 Million (Previous year EUR 3.15 Million), Amount Outstanding at the end of the year is Rs. Nil (Previous year Rs. Nil).
iv. Corporate Guarantee issued to ICICI Bank UK of EUR 15.75 Million to secure term loan on behalf of NIIT (Ireland) Limited (Previous year EUR Nil), Amount of term loan outstanding at the end of the year EUR 13.85 Million (Previous year EUR Nil).
v. Corporate Guarantee issued to ICICI Bank Newyork branch of USD 10.50 Million to secure term loan on behalf of NIIT (USA) Inc, USA (Previous year USD Nil), Amount of term loan outstanding at the end of the year USD 7.30 Million (Previous year USD Nil).
31 Capital and Other Commitments
(a) Estimated amount of contracts to be executed on capital account (net of advances) as at March 31,2026 Rs. 0.39 Million (Previous year Rs. 4.44 Million) for purchase of property, plant and equipment.
(b) For commitments related to lease arrangements, Refer note 6.
32 Segment Information
The Company is engaged in providing Education & Training Services in a single segment. Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chief Financial Officer (CFO) of the Company are considered as Chief Operating Decision Makers (CODM) who evaluates the performance and allocates resources based on the analysis of performance of the Company as a whole. Its operations are, therefore, considered to constitute a single segment in the context of Ind AS 108 - ‘Operating Segments’.
As per Ind AS 108 - Operating Segments, where the financial report contains both the consolidated financial statements of a parent as well as the parent’s separate financial statements, segment information is required only in the consolidated financial statements. Accordingly, no segment information is disclosed in these Standalone financial statements of the Company.
37 Additional Regulatory Information
i. There are no immovable properties included in Property Plant and Equipment, whose title deeds are not held in the name of the Company.
ii. The Company has not revalued its Property, Plant and Equipment (including Right of use assets) and intangible assets during the year ended March 31,2026.
iii. The Company does not have any Benami property, where any proceeding has been initiated or pending against the Company for holding any Benami property under the Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Act, 1988 and rules made thereunder.
iv. The Company has not been declared wilful defaulter by any bank or financial institution or government or other lender.
v. Relationship with Struck off Companies
vi. The Company does not have any transaction which is not recorded in the books of accounts that has been surrendered or disclosed as income during the year in the tax assessments under the Income Tax Act, 1961.
vii. The Company has not traded or invested in cryptocurrency transactions during the financial year and there is no balance as at year end.
viii. Audit Trail
The Company has used an accounting software, certain other software and a third party software for maintaining its books of account which has a feature of recording audit trail (edit log) facility and the same has operated throughout the year for all relevant transactions recorded in the software:
a. two Certain Software - additional feature added during the year and the feature of recording audit trail (edit log) facility has been operated w.e.f. July 21,2025 and July 24, 2025.
b. third-party Software - audit trail feature is not available at database level throughout the year.
Further no instance of audit trail feature being tampered with was noted in respect of accounting software and certain other software where the audit trail has been enabled.
Additionally, the audit trail of relevant prior years has been preserved by the Company as per the statutory requirements for record retention, to the extent it was enabled and recorded in those respective years. Preservation of audit trail for third-party software at application level exist for six months as at March 31,2026.
ix) Server backup
The Company has kept proper books of account as required by law except backup of the books of accounts relating to a third-party software in electronic mode has not been maintained on servers physically located in India.
x) The Company has not been sanctioned working capital limits in excess of Rs. 50 Million in aggregate from banks during the year on the basis of security of current assets of the Company. The quarterly returns / statements filed by the Company with such banks are in agreement with the books of accounts of the Company. The sanctioned working capital limit as on March 31, 2026 is Rs. 48 Million.
xiii) The Company has not advanced or loaned or invested funds to any other person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities (Intermediaries) with the understanding that the Intermediary shall:
(a) Directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the company (Ultimate Beneficiaries) or
(b) Provide any guarantee, security or the like to or on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries
xiv) The Company has not received any fund from any person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities (Funding Party) with the understanding (whether recorded in writing or otherwise) that the Company shall:
(a) Directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Funding Party (Ultimate Beneficiaries) or
(b) Provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.
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