xv Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets
A provision is recognized when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of past events and it
is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of
which a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of obligation. Provisions (excluding gratuity and compensated absences)
are determined based on management's estimate required to settle the obligation at the Balance Sheet date. In case the
time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects the risks specific to the
liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognized as a finance cost.
These are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current management estimates.
Contingent liabilities are disclosed in respect of possible obligations that arise from past events, whose existence would be
confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of
the Company. A contingent liability also arises, in rare cases, where a liability cannot be recognized because it cannot be
measured reliably.
Contingent assets are disclosed in the financial statements.
xvi Borrowing costs
Borrowing costs consist of interest and other ancillary costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds.
Borrowing costs also include exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.
All borrowing costs are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss except:
a) Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition or construction of assets that necessarily takes a substantial
period of time to get ready for its intended use are capitalised as part of the cost of such assets.
b) Expenses incurred on raising long term borrowings are amortised using effective interest rate method over the period
of borrowings.
Investment Income earned on the temporary investment of funds of specific borrowings pending their expenditure on
qualifying assets is deducted from the borrowing costs eligible for capitalisation.
xvii Income
(i) Interest income
The Company recognises interest income using Effective Interest Rate (EIR) on all financial assets subsequently
measured at amortised cost or fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI). EIR is calculated by
considering all costs and incomes attributable to acquisition of a financial asset or assumption of a financial liability
and it represents a rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments/receipts through the expected life of
the financial asset/financial liability to the gross carrying amount of a financial asset or to the amortised cost of a
financial liability.
The Company recognises interest income by applying the EIR to the gross carrying amount of financial assets other
than credit-impaired assets. In case of credit-impaired financial assets regarded as 'stage 3', the Company recognises
interest income on the amortised cost net of impairment loss of the financial asset at EIR. If the financial asset is no
longer credit-impaired, the Company reverts to calculating interest income on a gross basis.
Delayed payment interest (penal interest) levied on customers for delay in repayments/non payment of contractual
cash flows is recognised on realisation.
Interest on financial assets subsequently measured at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL) is recognised at the
contractual rate of interest.
(ii) Dividend income
Dividend income on equity shares is recognised when the Company's right to receive the payment is established,
which is generally when shareholders approve the dividend.
(iii) Rental income
Lease income from operating leases where the Company is a lessor is recognized in income on a straight-line basis over
the lease term unless the receipts are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate
for the expected inflationary cost increases. The respective leased assets are included in the balance sheet based on
their nature.
(iv) Other revenue from operations
The Company recognises revenue from contracts with customers (other than financial assets to which Ind AS 109
'Financial Instruments' is applicable) based on a comprehensive assessment model as set out in Ind AS 115 'Revenue
from contracts with customers'. The Company identifies contract(s) with a customer and its performance obligations
under the contract, determines the transaction price and its allocation to the performance obligations in the contract
and recognises revenue only on satisfactory completion of performance obligations. Revenue is measured at fair value
of the consideration received or receivable.
(a) Fees and commission
The Company recognises service and administration charges towards rendering of additional services to its
loan customers on satisfactory completion of service delivery.
Fees on value added services and products are recognised on rendering of services and products to the
customer.
Distribution income is earned by selling of services and products of other entities under distribution
arrangements. The income so earned is recognised on successful sales on behalf of other entities subject to
there being no significant uncertainty of its recovery.
Foreclosure charges are collected from loan customers for early payment/closure of loan and are recognised
on realisation.
(b) Net gain on fair value changes
Financial assets are subsequently measured at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL) or fair value through
other comprehensive income (FVOCI), as applicable. The Company recognises gains/losses on fair value change
of financial assets measured as FVTPL and realised gains/losses on derecognition of financial asset measured
at FVTPL and FVOCI.
(c) Recoveries of financial assets written off
The Company recognises income on recoveries of financial assets written off on realisation or when the right
to receive the same without any uncertainties of recovery is established.
(v) Taxes
Incomes are recognised net of the Goods and Services Tax, wherever applicable.
xviii Expenditures
(i) Finance costs
Borrowing costs on financial liabilities are recognised using the EIR.
(ii) Fees and commission expenses
Fees and commission expenses which are not directly linked to the sourcing of financial assets, such as commission/
incentive incurred on value added services and products distribution, recovery charges and fees payable for
management of portfolio etc., are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on an accrual basis.
(iii) Taxes
Expenses are recognised net of the Goods and Services Tax, except where credit for the input tax is not statutorily
permitted.
xix Segment reporting
Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the Chief Operating Decision
Maker ("CODM"). The Company's operating businesses are organized and managed separately according to the nature of
services provided, with each segment representing a strategic business unit that offers different markets. The Company
has identified three business segments - Investment & Trading in Shares & Securities, Finance activities & Unallocable.
Unallocable item include income, expenses, assets and liabilities which are not allowed to any reportable business segement.
The segment revenues, results, assets and liabilities include the respective amounts identifiable to each of the segment and
amounts allocated on a reasonable basis. Accordingly, these financial statements are reflective of the information required
by the Ind AS 108 "Operating segments".
xx Provision for standard assets and non-performing assets
The Company makes provision for standard assets and non-performing assets as per Non-Banking Financial Company -
Systemically Important Non-Deposit taking Company and Deposit taking Company (Reserve Bank) Directions, 2016. Provision
for standard assets in excess of the prudential norms, as estimated by the management, is categorised under Provision for
Standard Assets, as General provisions and/or as Gold Price Fluctuation Risk provisions.
xxi Recent accounting pronouncements:
Ministry of Corporate Affairs (“MCA") notifies new standards or amendments to the existing standards under Companies
(Indian Accounting Standards) Rules as issued from time to time. On 12th August, 2024 and 09th September, 2024, MCA
issued the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2024 and Companies (Indian Accounting Standards)
Second Amendment Rules, 2024 introducing following changes:
Ind AS 117 - Insurance Contracts:
Insurance Contracts was introduced and Ind AS 104: Insurance Contracts was withdrawn. This was accompanied with
consequent amendments in other standards.
Ind AS 116 - Leases:
The amendments clarify accounting treatment for a seller-lessee involved in sale and leaseback transactions, and introduced
some related illustrative examples.
The Company has reviewed the new pronouncements and based on its evaluation has determined that it does not have any
significant impact in its financial statements.
Nature and purpose of reserves:
Capital reserve
The company recognises profit and loss on purchase, sale, issue or cancellation of the its own equity instruments to capital
reserve.
Securities premium reserve
Securities premium reserve is used to record the premium on issue of shares. The reserve is utilised in accordance with the provision
of the Companies Act, 2013.
General reserve
The general reserve is used from time to time to transfer profits from retained earnings for appropriation purposes. As the general
reserve is created by a transfer from one component of equity to another and is not an item of other comprehensive income, items
included in the general reserve will not be reclassified subsequently to the statement of profit and loss.
Statutory reserve
No amount is transferred to statutory reserve fund pursuant to sec 45-IC of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934, as company has
incurred loss during the current year.
Retained earnings
Retained earnings are the profits that the Company has earned till date, less any transfers to general reserve, reserve fund in term of
section 45-IC of the Reserve Bank of India Act 1934, any payment of dividends or other distributions paid to shareholders. Retained
earnings is a free reserve available to the Company.
Fair value of equity instruments through OCI
The Company has elected to recognise changes in the fair value of certain investments in equity instruments and other equity
oriented instruments in other comprehensive income and classified under other equity. The Company transfers amounts from this
reserve to retained earnings when the relevant equity securities are derecognised.
Note 32 : Disclosure relating to employee benefits as per Ind AS 19 'Employee Benefits'
Defined benefit obligation
Gratuity
The company provides for the gratuity, a defined benefit retirement plan covering qualifying employees . The plan provides for lump
sum payments to employees upon death while in employment or on separation from employment after serving for the stipulated
period mentioned under The payment of gratuity Act, 1972.
The present value of obligation is determined based on actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method, which recognizes
each period of service as giving rise to additional unit of employee benefit entitlement and measures each unit separately to build
up the final obligation.
Note 36: Segment Reporting
The Company is primarily engaged in the business of financing. All the activities of the company revolve around the main business.
Further, the company does not have any separate geographic segments other than India.
During the year ending 31 March 2025, for management purposes, the company has been organised into two operating segments
based on products and services.
In computing the segment information, certain estimates and assumptions have been made by the management, which have been
relied upon.
The Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) monitors the operating results of its business units separately for making decisions
about resource allocation and performance assessment. Segment performance is evaluated based on operating profits or losses
and is measured consistently with operating profits or losses in the financial statements. However, income taxes are managed on
a entity as whole basis and are not allocated to operating segments.
Note 38 : Financial risk management framework
In the course of its business, the company is exposed to certain financial risks namely credit risk, interest risk, currency risk &
liquidity risk. The company's primary focus is to achieve better predictability of financial markets and seek to minimize potential
adverse effects on its financial performance.
The financial risks are managed in accordance with the company's risk management policy which has been approved by its board
of directors
Market risk
Market risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flow of financial instruments will fluctuate due to changes in the market
variables such as interest rates, foreign exchange rates and equity prices. The company do not have any exposure to foreign
exchange rate.
Interest rate risk
The company uses a mix of cash and borrowings to manage the liquidity & fund requirements of its day-to-day operations. Further,
certain interest bearing liabilities carry variable interest rates.
The interest rate profile of the company's interest-bearing financial instruments as reported to the management of the company
is as follows:
Currency risk:
Currently company does not have transaction in foreign currencies and hence the company is not exposed to currency risk.
Price risk:
The Company is exposed to equity price risk arising from investments held by the company and classified in the balance sheet either
as fair value through OCI or at fair value through profit or loss. To manage its price risk arising from investment in equity securities,
the company diversifies its portfolio. Diversification of the portfolio is done in accordance with the limits set by the company. The
majority of the company's equity investments are listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) or the National Stock Exchange (NSE)
in India.
Profit for the period would increase/decrease as a result of gains/losses on exchange traded funds equity securities classified as
fair value through profit or loss, if any. Other components of equity would increase/decrease as a result of gain/losses on equity
securities classified as fair value through other comprehensive income.
Credit risk
Credit risk is the risk of financial loss arising out of a customer or counterparty failing to meet their repayment obligations to the
company. The company assesses the credit quality of all financial instruments that are subject to credit risk.
Classification of financial assets under various stages :
"The company classifies its financial assets in three stages having the following characteristics:
Stage 1: unimpaired and without significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition on which a 12 month allowance for ECL
is recognised;
Stage 2: a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition on which a lifetime ECL is recognised;
Stage 3: objective evidence of impairment, and are therefore considered to be in default or otherwise credit impaired on which a
lifetime ECL is recognised."
Financial instruments were not subjected to simplified ECL approach under Ind AS 109 'Financial Instruments' and accordingly were
not subject to sensitivity of future economic conditions.
Liquidity risk
Liquidity is defined as the risk that the company will not be able to settle or meet its obligations on time or at a reasonable price.
The company's management is responsible for liquidity, funding as well as settlement management. In addition, processes and
policies related to such risks are overseen by senior management. Management monitors the company's net liquidity position
through rolling forecasts on the basis of expected cash flows.
Note 38 : Financial risk management framework (continued)
"The company measures financial instruments at fair value at each balance sheet date. Fair value is the price that would be received
to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The
fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:
• In the principal market for the asset or liability, or
• In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability
The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the company. The fair value of an asset or a liability is
measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market
participants act in their economic best interest.
A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant's ability to generate economic benefits
by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest
and best use."
The company has not disclosed the fair values for financial instruments for other financial assets, loans, trade receivables, cash and
cash equivalents, bank balances other than cash & cash equivalents, Trade payables, borrowings and financial liabilities because
their carrying amounts are reasonable approximation of their fair values.
(ii) Fair value hierarchy
"Fair value hierarchy explains the judgement and estimates made in determining the fair values of the financial instruments
that are -
a) recognized and measured at fair value
b) measured at amortized cost and for which fair values are disclosed in the financial statements."
To provide an indication about the reliability of the inputs used in determining fair value, the company has classified its
financial instruments into the three levels prescribed under the accounting standard.
Level 1 - Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
Level 2 - Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly
(i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices)
Level 3 - Inputs for the assets or liabilities that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs)
The company's objectives when managing capital are to safeguard their ability to continue as a going concern, so that they can
continue to provide returns for shareholders and benefits for other stakeholders, and maintain an optimal capital structure to reduce
the cost of capital.
The capital structure of the company is based on management's judgement of the appropriate balance of key elements in order to
meet its strategic and day-to-day needs. We consider the amount of capital in proportion to risk and manage the capital structure
“Owned fund" means paid up equity capital, preference shares which are compulsorily convertible into equity, free reserves, balance
in share premium account and capital reserves representing surplus arising out of sale proceeds of asset, excluding reserves created
by revaluation of asset, as reduced by accumulated loss balance, book value of intangible assets and deferred revenue expenditure,
if any.
“Outside liabilities" means total liabilities as appearing on the liabilities side of the balance sheet excluding 'paid up capital' and
'reserves and surplus', instruments compulsorily convertible into equity shares within a period not exceeding 10 years from the
date of issue but including all forms of debt and obligations having the characteristics of debt, whether created by issue of hybrid
instruments or otherwise, and value of guarantees issued, whether appearing on the balance sheet or not.
1. Capital ratio = adjusted net worth/risk weighted assets, calculated as per applicable RBI guidelines.
2. The company is registered under the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 as systematically important non-deposit accepting,
hence these ratios are generally not applicable.
b. Relation with struck off Companies
(i) Company does not have any transactions with companies struck off under section 248 of the Companies Act, 2013
or section 560 of Companies Act, 1956.
c. Other information:
(i) Details of benami property held
No proceedings have been initiated on or are pending against the Company for holding Benami Property under the
Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Act, 1988 (45 of 1988) and Rules made thereunder.
(ii) Wilful defaulter
The Company has not been declared wilful defaulter by any bank or financial institution or government or any
government authority.
(iii) Registration of charges or satisfaction with Registrar of Companies (ROC)
The Company has no satisfaction of charges which are pending to be filed with ROC
(iv) Compliance with number of layers of companies
The Company is in compliance with respect to layers of companies.
(v) Compliance with approved scheme(s) of arrangements
The Comapny has not entered into any scheme of arrangement which has an accounting impact on current or previous
financial year.
(vi) Undisclosed income
There is no income surrendered or disclosed as income during the current or previous year in the tax assessments
under the Income Tax Act, 1961, that has not been recorded in the books of account of Company.
(vii) Details of crypto currency or virtual currency
The Company has not traded or invested in crypto currency or virtual currency during the current or previous year.
(viii) Title deeds of immovable properties not held in name of the company
All the title deeds of immovable properties are held in the name of company.
(ix) Capital work in progress (CWIP) and Intangible asset:
The Company does not have any Intangible asset under development or Capital work in Progress
Note 43 : Corporate social responsibility
As per Section 135 of the companies Act 2013, Company, meeting the applicability threshold, needs to spend at least 2% of
its average net profit for the immediately preceding three financial years on corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities.
The CSR activities of the company is generally carried out through charitable organisations, where funds are allocated by the
Company. These organisations carry out the CSR activities as specified in the schedule VII of the companies Act, 2013 on behalf
of the Company.
Note 44 : The Company has not advanced or loaned or invested (either from borrowed funds or share premium or any other sources
or kind of funds) to or in any other person or entity, including foreign entities (“Intermediaries"), with the understanding, whether
recorded in writing or otherwise, that the Intermediary shall, whether, directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities
identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Company (“Ultimate Beneficiaries") or provide any guarantee, security
or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.
Further, the Company has not received any funds from any person or entity, including foreign entities (“Funding Parties"), with the
understanding, whether recorded in writing or otherwise, that the Company shall, whether, directly or indirectly, lend or invest in
other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Funding Party (“Ultimate Beneficiaries") or
provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.
1.4 Intra group Exposures:
The Company has investment in group companies as disclosed in Note 5 of the notes to financial statements as at March
31, 2025 and March 31, 2024.
1.5 Unhedged foreign currency exposure: Nil
2 Related Party Disclosure: Refer Note 35
3 Disclosure of Complaints:
There are no complaints received by the Company from customers and from the Offices of Ombudsman during the year
ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024.
Note 47 : The Code on Social Security, 2020 (Code) relating to employee benefits during employment and post- employment benefits
has received Presidential assent in September 2020. The Code has been published in the Gazette of India. However, the date on
which the Code comes into effect has not been notified. The Company will assess the impact of the Code when it comes into effect
and will record any related impact in the period of the Code becomes effective.
Note 48 : Other additional information's as per Schedule III part II is either nil or not applicable to the company.
Note 49 : As on 31 March 2025 and 31 March 2024, the Company did not have any long term contracts including derivative
contracts for which there were any material foreseeable losses.
Note 50 : For the year ended 31 March 2025 and 31 March 2024, the Company is not required to transfer any amount to the
investor Education & protection fund as required under section 125 of Companies Act 2013.
Note 51 : The Company Secretary appointed by the Company has resigned prior to the board meeting. Hence the financial statement
could not be signed by the Company Secretary.
Note 52 : The standalone financial statements were approved by the Audit Committee and Board of Directors on 30 May 2025.
Note 53 : Previous year's figures have been regrouped where necessary to confirm to this year's classification.
For and on behalf of the Board of Directors
Sd/- Sd/-
Sunil Goyal Manoj Singrodia
Managing Director Director
DIN : 00503570 DIN : 01501529
Sd/-
Suresh Kumawat
Chief Financial Officer
Place : Mumbai
Date : May 30, 2025
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