2.05 Provisions and contingencies
The Company recognizes provisions when a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event exists and it is probable that an
outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle such obligation and the amount of such obligation can be reliably
estimated. If the effect of time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate,
the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognized as a finance cost.
A disclosure for a contingent liability is made when there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that may, but probably will not require an
outflow of resources embodying economic benefits or the amount of such obligation cannot be measured reliably. When there is a possible
obligation or a present obligation in respect of which likelihood of outflow of resources embodying economic benefits is remote, no provision or
disclosure is made.
2.06 Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of Cash Flow Statement comprise cash and cheques in hand, bank balances, demand deposits with
banks where the original maturity is three months or less and other short term highly liquid investments.
2.07 Borrowing Cost
Borrowing cost includes interest, amortization of ancillary costs incurred in connection with the arrangement of borrowings and exchange
differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the interest cost. Borrowing costs, if
any, directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready
for its intended use or sale are capitalized, if any. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur.
2.08 Segment Reporting
Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the Board of Directors (BOD) of the Company.
The BOD is responsible for allocating resources and assessing performance of the operating segments of the Company.
2.09 Events after reporting date
Where events occurring after the balance sheet date provide evidence of conditions that existed at the end of the reporting period, the impact of
such events is adjusted within the financial statements. Otherwise, events after the balance sheet date of material size or nature are only
disclosed.
2.10 Property, plant & equipment
Measurement at recognition
An item of property, plant and equipment that qualifies as an asset is measured on initial recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, items of
property, plant and equipment are carried at its cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.
The cost of an item of property, plant and equipment comprises of its purchase price including import duties and other non-refundable purchase
taxes or levies, directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use and the initial estimate of
decommissioning, restoration and similar liabilities, if any. Any trade discounts and rebates are deducted in arriving at the purchase price.
The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year end and
adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.
Depreciation
Depreciation on each part of an item of property, plant and equipment is provided using the straight line method based on the useful life of the
asset as prescribed in Schedule II to the Act. Depreciation is calculated on a pro-rata basis from the date of installation till date the assets are sold
or disposed.
De-recognition
The carrying amount of an item of property, plant and equipment is derecognized on disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected
from its use or disposal. The gain or loss arising from the de-recognition of an item of property, plant and equipment is measured as the
difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the item and is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the
item is derecognized.
2.11 Impairment of non-financial assets
The Company assesses, at each reporting date, whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when
annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset's recoverable amount. An asset's recoverable amount is the
higher of an asset's or cash-generating unit's (CGU) fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. Recoverable amount is determined for an
individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets.
When the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its
recoverable amount.
In assessing the value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects
current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less costs of disposal, recent
market transactions are taken into account. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. These calculations
are corroborated by valuation multiples, quoted share prices for publicly traded companies or other available fair value indicators.
For assets , an assessment is made at each reporting date to determine whether there is an indication that previously recognised impairment
losses no longer exist or have decreased. If such indication exists, the Company estimates the asset's or CGU's recoverable amount. A previously
recognised impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset's recoverable amount
since the last impairment loss was recognised. The reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable
amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognised for the
asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognised in the statement of profit or loss unless the asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case,
the reversal is treated as a revaluation increase.
2.12 Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders (after deducting
attributable taxes) by the weighted-average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. The weighted-average number of equity
shares outstanding during the period is adjusted for events including a bonus issue.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted-
average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
13 Refer Statement of Changes in Equity for detailed movement in other equity balances.
(a) Description of nature and purpose of each reserve:
Statutory reserve
The Company is required to create a reserve in accordance with the provisions of Section 45IC of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934. Accordingly
20% of the profits after tax for the year is transferred to this reserve at the end of every reporting period whenever applicable.
Retained earnings
Retained earnings are the profits that the Company has earned till date, less any transfer to general reserves, dividends and other distributions
made to the shareholders.
Other comprehensive income
This represents the cumulative gains and losses arising on the revaluation of equity instruments measured at fair value through other
comprehensive income, under an irrevocable option, net of amounts reclassified to retained earnings when such assets are disposed off, if any.
Impairment Reserve
Impairment Reserve represents the reserve created pursuant to the per RBI circular dated March 13, 2020 on 'Implementation of Indian
Accounting Standards'. Under the circular, where the impairment allowance under Ind AS 109 is lower than the provisioning required as per
prudential norms on Income Recognition, Asset Classification and Provisioning (including standard asset provisioning) the difference should be
appropriated from the net profit to a separate 'Impairment Reserve'. Withdrawals from this reserve is allowed only after obtaining permission
from the RBI.
Capital Reserve
The Company recognises profit and loss on purchase, sale, issue or cancellation of the Company's own equity instruments to Capital Reserve.
22 (c) Contingent Liability
The company has provided following securities to Central Bank of India for various credit facilities sanctioned upto a maximum amount of Rs. 25.38 Crores
(Previous Year Rs. 25.38 Crores) to Aditya Translink Pvt. Ltd. :-
i) Corporate Guarantee of Rs. 7.69 Crores (Previous Year Rs. 7.69 Crores)
ii) Equitable Mortgage on its office premises at Kolkata as collateral security.
22 (d)
Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the Board of Directors (BOD) of the Company. The BOD is
responsible for allocating resources and assessing performance of the operating segments of the Company. The Company is in a single business segment
(primary segment) of giving loans and making investments. There is only one geographical segment (secondary segment).
22 (e) The Company has not complied with some of the provisions of the Regulations and Guidelines prescribed under the Securities and Exchange Board of India
Act, 1992 and the trading of the shares have been suspended by Bombay Stock Exchange.
22 (f) As per the requirement in terms of Paragraph 19 of the Master Direction- Non - Banking Financial Company - Non- Systemically Important Non- Deposit
taking Company (Reserve Bank) Directions, 2016, Schedule to The Balance Sheet has been attached vide "Annexure - I".
Note-1
During the year the Risk Weighted Assets has been increased substantially due to increase in loans and the borrowings of the company
have also increased significantly, which led to an decrease in both Tier-I Capital. This resulted in decrease in Tier-I CRAR.
Note-2
During the year the company has increased the impairment reserve in compliance with guidelines of Reserve Bank of India and Risk
Weighted Assets has also been increased substantially due to funding of Loans. This resulted in increase in Tier-II CRAR.
Note-3
During the year the company has increased the loan portfolio, on the other hand borrowings has also increased which resulted in increase
in Liquidity coverage ratio.
(b) Detailed Explanation of ratios
A Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets Ratio (CRAR)
This ratio is calculated by dividing the total capital by Risk-Weighted Assets. Total Capital includes Tier-I and Tier-II Capital.
However, NBFC-ND with asset size less than Rs. 500 crore, are exempted from the requirement of maintaining CRAR and complying
with Credit Concentration Norms
(ii) The Company does not have any Benami property, where any proceeding has been initiated or pending against the Company for holding
any Benami property.
(iii) The Company does not have any transactions with struck off Companies.
(iv) The company has complied with the number of layers prescribed under clause (87) of section 2 of the Act read with Companies (Restriction
on number of Layers) Rules, 2017.
(v) (i) The Company has not advanced or given loan or invested funds to any other person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities
(Intermediaries) with the understanding that the Intermediary shall:
a. directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the company
(Ultimate Beneficiaries) or
b. provide any guarantee, security or the like to or on behalf of the UlEmate Beneficiaries.
(vi) The Company has not received any fund from any person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities (Funding Party) with the understanding
(whether recorded in writing or otherwise) that the company shall:
a. directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the company
(Ultimate Beneficiaries) or
b. provide any guarantee, security or the like to or on behalf of the UlEmate Beneficiaries.
(vii) The Company does not have any such transaction which is not recorded in the books of accounts that has been surrendered or disclosed as
income during the year in the tax assessments under the Income Tax Act, 1961 (such as, search or survey or any other relevant provisions
of the Income Tax Act, 1961.
(viii) The Company has not traded or invested in Crypto currency or Virtual Currency during the financial year.
(ix) The company has not been declared as willful defaulter by any bank or financial institution or other lender.
(x) There are no charges or satisfaction yet to be registered with ROC beyond the statutory period.
(xi) Other than the above disclosures, the remaining other disclosures as prescribed in Amended Division III of Schedule III read with section
129 of Companies Act 2013 are either NIL or Not Applicable to the company for the current period.
The Company is a Non-Banking Financial Company registered with the Reserve Bank of India. On account of it's business activities it is
exposed to various financial risks associated with financials products such as credit or default risk, market risk, interest rate risk, liquidity
risk and inflationary risk. However, the Company has a robust financial risk management system in place to identify, evaluate, manage
and mitigate various risks associated with its financial products to ensure that desired financial objectives are met. The Company's senior
management is responsible for establishing and monitoring the risk management framework within its overall risk management
objectives and strategies, as approved by the Board of Directors. Such risk management strategies and objectives are established to
identify and analyse potential risks faced by the Company, set and monitor appropriate risk limits and controls, periodically review the
changes in market conditions and assess risk management performance. Any change in Company's risk management objectives and
policies needs prior approval of it's Board of Directors.
(I) Credit risk
A lender bears the risk that the borrower may default in the payment of contractual interest or principal on its debt obligations, or both.
The entity continuously monitors defaults of customers and other counterparties and incorporates this information into its credit risk
controls.
Financial instruments
The Company lends to borrowers with a good credit score . Investments and loans are reviewed by the Board of Directors on a regular
basis.
(II) Market risk:
Market risk is a form of systematic risk associated with the day-to-day fluctuation in the market prices of shares and securities and such
market risk affects all securities and investors in the same manner. These daily price fluctuations follows its own broad trends and cycles
and are more news and transaction driven rather than fundamentals and many a times, it may affect the returns from an investment.
Market risks majorly comprises of two types - interest rate risk and other price risk, such as equity price risk and commodity risk. Financial
instruments affected by market risks include borrowings and investments.
Interest rate risk
Interest rate risk is a type of systematic risk that particularly affects fixed rate debt instruments like bonds and debentures. The value of
the fixed-rate debt instruments generally decline due to rise in interest rates and vice versa. The rationale is that a bond is a promise of a
future stream of payments; an investor will offer less for a bond that pays-out at a rate lower than the rates offered in the current
market. A rising interest rate scenario also affects the Company's interest expenditure on borrowed funds.
The Company monitors the interest rate scenarios on a regular basis and accordingly takes investments decisions as whether to invest in
fixed rate debt instruments, shares and securities at a particular point of time. Further, the Company's borrowings are short-term in
nature and carry a fixed rate of interest and the company is in a position to pass on the rise in interest rates to its borrowers.
(III) Liquidity risk:
Liquidity refers to the readiness of the Company to sell and realise its financial assets. Liquidity risk is one of the most critical risk factors
for Companies which is into the business of investments in shares and securities. It is the risk of not being able to realise the true price of
a financial asset, or is not being able to sell the financial asset at all because of non-availability of buyers. Unwillingness to lend or
restricted lending by Banks and Financial Institutions may also lead to liquidity concerns for the entities.
The Company maintains a well-diversified portfolio of investments in shares and securities . A dedicated team of market experts are
monitoring the markets on a continuous basis, which advises the management for timely purchase or sale of securities.
(IV) Inflationary risk:
Inflationary or purchasing power risk refers to the variation in investor returns caused by inflation. It is the risk that results in increase of
the prices of goods and services which results in decrease of purchasing power of money, and likely negatively impact the value of
investments. The two important sources of inflation are rising costs of production and excess demand for goods and services in relation
to their supply. Inflation and interest rate risks are closely related as interest rates generally go up with inflation.
The Company closely monitors the inflation data and analyses the reasons for wide fluctuations thereof and its effect on various sectors
and businesses. The main objective is to avoid inflationary risk and accordingly invest in securities and debt instruments that provides
higher returns as compared to the inflation in long-term.
25 (e) Capital management
For the purpose of Company's capital management, capital includes issued equity share capital, other equity reserves and borrowed
capital less cash and cash equivalents. The primary objective of capital management is to maintain an efficient capital structure to reduce
the cost of capital, support corporate expansion strategies and to maximize shareholder's value.
The entity manages its capital structure and makes adjustments in light of changes in economic conditions and the requirements of the
financial covenants. To maintain or adjust the capital structure, the entity may adjust the dividend payment to shareholders, return
capital to shareholders or issue new shares. The entity monitors capital using a gearing ratio, which is net debt divided by total capital
plus net debt. The entity's policy is to keep an optimum gearing ratio. The entity includes within net debt, interest bearing loans and
borrowings less cash and cash equivalents.
Note-29 Previous year figures have been regrouped/reclassified, where necessary, to conform to this year's classification.
As per our report of even date annexed herewith
For and on behalf of the Board
For SRB & Associates
Chartered Accountants
FRN:310009E
Sunil Shah Suvabrata De Madhumita Tapader
Partner Managing Director Director
M. NO: 052841 DIN - 07911004 DIN - 07126692
UDIN:24052841BKAQFG4537
Place: Kolkata Sanjiv Kumar Agarwal Prity Agarwal
Dated: 29.05.2024 CFO Company Secretary
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