(i) Contractual obligations - Refer to note 38(a) for disclosure of contractual commitments for the acquisition of property, plant and equipment.

(ii) Refer to note 41 for disclosure of leases under Ind AS 116.

(iii) Refer to note 17 for details of assets mortgaged.

(iv) The Company has not revalued any property, plant and equipment after initial recognition, during the current year and previous year.

(v) Expenditure incurred towards purchase of assets/ equipments for research and development activities amounts to ? 498 (3103-2024: ? 313).

(vi) As required by Ind AS 36, an assessment of impairment of assets has been carried out and based on such assessment and necessary disclosures are given below:

The Company has identified its reportable segments Pharmaceuticals and Agro Chemicals as separate Cash generating units ('CGUs') for the purpose of impairment testing. Basis the assessment of indicators of impairment, owing to the continous losses in the Agro chemical segment and reduction in the forcasted revenue and free cashflows, the Company has performed an assessment of possible impairment in the Property, plant and equipment of the Agro Chemicals segment.

The recoverable amount of this CGU was based on its value in use, determined by discounting the future cash flows to be generated from the continuing use of the CGU.

The enterprise value is then compared with net book value of CGU to test for impairment.

There are no outstanding trade receivables by directors or other officers of the Company or by firms or private companies in which director is partner or member as at 31-03-2025 and as at 31-03-2024.

Information about the Company’s exposure to credit risks and market risks and impairment losses for trade receivables is included in Note 33.

Transfer of trade receivables

The Company sold with recourse trade receivables to banks. These trade receivables have not been derecognised from the balance sheet, because the Company retains substantially all of the risks and rewards - primarily credit risk. The amount received on transfer has been recognised as a secured bank loan (see Note 17).

The following information shows the carrying amount of trade receivables at the reporting date that have been transferred but have not been derecognised and the associated liabilities.

The Board of Directors at its meeting held on 08 March 2023 had approved the buy-back of fully paid up equity shares of face value of ? 2 each from the eligible equity shareholders of the Company other than the Promoters, the Promoter group and Persons who are in control of the Company, at a price not exceeding ? 700 per equity share (Maximum Buyback Price), payable in cash for an aggregate amount not exceeding ? 2,100 (Maximum Buy-back Size, excluding transaction costs and taxes thereon), from the Open Market route through the stock exchange mechanism under the Companies Act, 2013 and Securities and Exchange Board of India (Buy-back of Securities) Regulations, 2018, as amended ('Buyback Regulations').

The Buy-back commenced on 21 March 2023 and was concluded on 12 May 2023. In this regard, the Company bought back 3,447,295 equity shares, at an average price of ? 609.1712 per equity share resulting in total cash consideration of ? 2,100 (excluding ? 511 towards transaction cost and tax on Buy-back). These equity shares were extinguished as per the records of the depositories. Balance expense towards transaction cost and the tax on buy-back amounting to ? 511 was debited directly to the retained earnings. Further, capital redemption reserve of ? 7 representing the nominal value of shares bought back, was created in accordance with Section 69 of the Companies Act, 2013.

iv. Rights, preferences and restrictions attached to equity shares

The Company has only one class of equity shares having a par value of ?2 per share. Each holder of equity shares is entitled to one vote per share. The Company declares and pays dividend in Indian Rupees. The final dividend proposed by the Board of Directors is subject to the approval of the Shareholders in the ensuing Annual General Meeting. In the event of liquidation of the Company, the holders of equity shares will be entitled to receive the remaining assets of the Company, after distribution of all preferential amounts in proportion of their shareholding.

C Nature and purpose of reserves Securities premium

Securities premium is used to record the premium on issue of shares. The reserve is utilised in accordance with provisions of the Companies Act, 2013.

Capital reserve

Capital reserve was created on amalgamation of certain entities into the Company in the earlier years and the transactions with Shareholders. The Company uses capital reserve for transactions in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013.

Capital redemption reserve

The Company had purchased its own shares and as per the provision of the applicable laws, a sum equal to the nominal value of the shares so purchased is required to be transferred to the capital redemption reserve. The Company uses capital redemption reserve for transactions in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013.

General reserve

The Company generally appropriates a portion of its earnings to the general reserve to be used for contingencies. These reserves are freely available for use by the Company.

Fair value through Other comprehensive income (FVOCI)

The Company has elected to recognise the change in fair value of certain investments in equity shares in other comprehensive income. These changes are accumulated within the FVOCI equity instruments reserve within equity. The Company transfers amounts from this reserve to retained earnings when the relevant equity instruments are derecognised.

Retained earnings

Retained earnings mainly represent all current and prior year profits as disclosed in the statement of profit and loss and other comprehensive income pertaining to remeasurement gains/(losses) arising from the actuarial valuation of the defined benefit plan less dividend distribution. The expense towards transaction cost and the tax on buy-back amounting to ? Nil (31-032024: ? 484) has been debited directly to the retained earnings.

(i) Working capital loans (secured) represents cash credit and bills discounted with various banks. These working capital loans are secured by joint pari-passu first charge on all the current assets and property, plant and equipment of:

i) Land admeasuring 17.19 acres comprised in survey no. 70 of village Nandikonda, Mandal Peddavoora, District Nalgonda in the State of Telangana together with all buildings and structures thereon and all plant and equipment attached to the earth.

ii) House/premise bearing municipal no. 8-2-120/112/A/33 and 8-2-120/112/A/32 in plot no.100 admeasuring 1,166 sq. yards with all its building and fixed assets situated at Road No.2, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad - 500034."

(ii) Working capital loans (unsecured) represents overdraft facility and bills discounted with various banks.

(iii) The rate of interest applicable was in the range of 4.155% to 9.30% p.a (31-03-2024: 3.84% to 8.90% p.a) for secured and unsecured working capital loan.

(iv) Information about the Company’s exposure to interest rate, foreign currency and liquidity risks is included in Note 33.

(v) Quarterly statements of current assets filed by the Company with banks or financial institutions are in agreement with the books of account.

(vi) The Company does not have any charges or satisfaction which is yet to be registered with Registrar of Companies beyond the statutory period.

(vii) The Company has not availed any specific borrowing during the year.

(viii) There were no delay/default in repayment of dues or delays in payment of interest to banks.

(a) Gratuity

The Company has subscribed to a group gratuity scheme of Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC). Under the said policy, the eligible employees are entitled for gratuity upon their resignation, retirement or in the event of death in lumpsum after deduction of necessary taxes up to a maximum limit of ?2. Liabilities in respect of the Gratuity Plan are determined by an actuarial valuation, based upon which the Company makes contributions to the Gratuity Fund. The defined benefit plans expose the Company to actuarial risk, interest rate risk and investment risk etc.

Interest Rate Risk: The plan exposes the Company to the risk of fall in interest rates. A fall in interest rates will result in an increase in the ultimate cost of providing the above benefit and will thus result in an increase in the value of liability.

Liquidity Risk: This is the risk that the Company is not able to meet the short-term gratuity payouts. This may arise due to non availability of enough cash/cash equivalent to meet the liabilities or holding of illiquid assets not being sold in time.

Investment Risk: The probability or likelihood of occurrence of losses relative to the expected return on any particular investment.

The Gratuity plan is administered through Group Gratuity Scheme with Life Insurance Corporation of India ('LIC'). Every employee who has completed five years or more of service gets a gratuity on departure at 15 days salary (last drawn salary) for each completed year of service or part thereof in excess of six months.

The Company has determined that, in accordance with the terms and conditions of the gratuity plan, and in accordance with statutory requirements (including minimum funding requirements) of the plan of the relevant jurisdiction, the present value of refund or reduction in future contributions is not lower than the balance of the total fair value of the plan assets less the total present value of obligations. As such, no decrease in the defind benefit asset is necessary at 31 March 2025 (31 March 2024: no decrease in defined benefit asset). Project unit credit method has been used for valuation.

The following tables sets out the status of the gratuity plan and the reconciliation of opening and closing balances of the present value and defined benefit obligation:

The salary growth indicated above is the Company's best estimate of an increase in salary of the employees in future years, determined considering the general trend in inflation, seniority, promotion, past experience and other relevant factors such as demand and supply in employment market etc.

Attrition rate indicated above represents the Company's best estimates of employee turnover in future (other than on account of retirement, death or disablement) determined considering various factors such as nature of business, retention policy, industry factors, past experience etc.

Assumption regarding mortality are based on published statistics and mortality tables by Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India.

Although the analysis does not take account of the full distribution of cash flows expected under the plan, it does provide an approximation of the sensitivity of the assumptions shown.

There are no changes in the methods and assumptions used in preparing the sensitivity analysis from the previous year. "

(ix) Expected contribution

The expected contributions for defined benefit plan for the next financial year will be in line with the contribution for the current year and is expected by the Management to be ? 433 (31-03-2024: ? 417).

(xi) The weighted average duration of the defined benefit plan obligation at the end of the reporting period is 7 years (Previous year: 11 years).

(b) Compensated absences:

The accrual for unutilised leave is determined for the entire available leave balance standing to the credit of the employees at the year-end. The value of such leave balances that are eligible for carry forward, is determined by an actuarial valuation as at the end of the year and is charged to the statement of profit and loss. The actual liability towards leave obligations as at 31-03-2025 is ? 557 (31-03-2024: ? 480). Expense recognised in the standalone statement of profit and loss under employee benefit expense is ? 157 (31-03-2024: ? 107).

Attrition rate indicated above represents the Company's best estimates of employee turnover in future (other than on account of retirement, death or disablement) determined considering various factors such as nature of business, retention policy, industry factors, past experience etc.

Assumption regarding mortality are based on published statistics and mortality tables by Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India.

(a) Defined contribution plan:

The Company makes contributions, determined as a specified percentage of employee salaries, in respect of qualifying employees towards provident fund and employee state insurance schemes which are defined contribution plans. The Company has no obligations other than to make the specified contributions. The contribution to provident fund and employee state insurance schemes charged to the statement of profit and loss is ? 318 (31-03-2024: ? 274).

(b) Refer note 20 for details of provision for employee benefits.

* As per Indian tax laws, companies are liable for a Minimum Alternate Tax (“MAT” tax) when current tax, as computed under the provisions of the Income-tax Act, 1961 (“Tax Act”), is determined to be below the MAT tax computed under section 115JB of the Tax Act. The excess of MAT tax over current tax is eligible to be carried forward and set-off in the future against the current tax liabilities over a period of 15 years.

The Company offsets tax assets and liabilities only if it has a legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets and current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority.

Significant management judgement is required in determining provision for income-tax, deferred income tax assets and liabilities and recoverability of deferred income tax assets. The recoverability of deferred income tax assets is based on estimates of taxable income by each jurisdiction in which the relevant entity operates and the period over which deferred income tax assets will be recovered.

The Company did not recognise deferred tax assets of ? 2,564, primarily on MAT credit entitlement, because it is not probable that foreseeable future taxable profit will be available against which the Company can use the benefits therefrom after taking into consideration the tax holiday units/ benefits available including financial projections, business plans and the availability of sufficient taxable income. The above MAT credit expires at various dates ranging from Assesment year 2029 through 2039.

(F) The Company has established the comprehensive system of maintenance of information and documents as required by the transfer pricing legislation under Sections 92-92F of the Income-tax Act, 1961. Since the law requires existence of such information and documentation to be contemporaneous in nature, the Company is in the process of updating the documentation for the international transactions and specified domestic transactions entered into with associated enterprises during the financial year and expects such records to be in existence latest by 31 October 2025 as required by law. The management confirms its international transaction are at arms' length price so that aforesaid legislation will not have any impact on the financial statements, particularly on the amount of tax expense and that of provision for taxation.

The Company’s financial liabilities comprise of borrowings from banks, trade payables and other financial liabilities. The main purpose of these financial liabilities is to finance the Company’s operations. The Company’s principal financial assets include loans, trade receivables, other financial assets, cash and cash equivalents and other bank balances that derive directly from its operations. The Company also holds certain investments in entities other than in subsidiaries.

The fair value of cash and cash equivalents, other bank balances, trade receivables, loans, investment in quoted and unquoted debentures and bonds, borrowings, trade payables, other financial assets and other financial liabilities approximate their carrying amount largely due to the nature of these instruments. The Company's loans have been contracted at market rates of interest. Accordingly, the carrying value of such loans approximate fair value.

B. Measurement of fair values

Valuation technique and significant unobservable inputs

Level 1: The fair value of the quoted equity investments are based on market price at the reporting date.

Level 3: The Investments measured at fair value and falling under fair value hierarchy Level 3 are valued on the basis of valuation reports provided by valuers with the exception of certain investments, where the impact of fair valuation of investment is considered as insignificant and hence carrying value and fair value is considered as same. The valuers have considered discounted cashflow method for the purpose of valuation of investments. The significant unobservable inputs involved are primarily growth rate, discount rate and terminal growth rate. The relationship of significant unobservable value and fair value is as follows:

the estimated fair value will increase/(decrease) if the expected growth rate and terminal rate increases/(decreases); the estimated fair value will (decrease)/increase if the expected discount rate increases/(decreases)"

33. Financial risk management

The Board of Directors of the Company has overall responsibility for the establishment and deployment of risk management framework. The Board of Directors have adopted a Risk Policy, which empowers the management to access and monitor the risk management parameters along with action taken and the same is updated to Board of Directors.

The Company’s risk management policies are established to identify and analyse the risks being faced by the Company, to set appropriate risk limits and controls and to monitor risks and adherence to limits. Risk management policies and systems are reviewed regularly to reflect changes in market conditions and the Company’s activities. The Company, through its training and management standards and procedures, aims to maintain a disciplined and constructive control environment in which all employees understand their roles and obligations.

The Audit Committee of the Company oversees how management monitors compliance with the Company’s risk management policies and procedures, and reviews the adequacy of the risk management framework in relation to the risk faced by the Company. The Audit Committee is assisted in its oversight role by internal audit. Internal audit undertakes both regular and adhoc reviews of risk management controls and procedures, the result of which are reported to the Audit Committee.

A. Market risk:

Market risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market prices. Market risk comprises two types of risks: interest rate risk and currency risk. Financial instruments affected by market risk include borrowings, deposits, loans, trade receivables and trade payables.

i. Interest rate risk

Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates. The Company's entire borrowings carried at amortised cost are variable rate instruments and are subject to fluctuation because of a change in market interest rates. The Company considers the impact of fair value interest rate risk on variable rate borrowings as not material.

ii. Foreign currency risk:

Foreign currency risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of an exposure will fluctuate because of changes in foreign exchange rates. The Company is exposed to currency risk to the extent that there is mismatch between the currencies in which sales, purchase are denominated and the respective functional currencies of the Company. The Company exposure to the risk of changes in foreign exchange rates relates primarily to the Company’s operating activities.

Foreign currency sensitivity

A reasonably possible strengthening (weakening) of the Indian Rupee against various foreign currencies at 31 March would have affected the measurement of financial instruments denominated in foreign currencies and affected equity and profit or loss by the amounts shown below. This analysis assumes that all other variables, in particular interest rates, remain constant and ignores any impact of forecast sales and purchases.

Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the Company if a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations, and arises principally from the Company’s receivables from customers and loans given. Credit risk arises from cash held with banks and financial institutions, as well as credit exposure to clients, including outstanding accounts receivables. The maximum exposure to credit risk is equal to the carrying value of the financial assets. The objective of managing counterparty credit risk is to prevent losses in financial assets. The Company assesses the credit quality of the counterparties, taking into account their financial position, past experience and other factors.

Trade and other receivables:

The Company’s exposure to credit risk is influenced mainly by the individual characteristics of each customer. The demographics of the customer, including the default risk of the industry and country in which the customer operates, also has an influence on credit risk assessment. Credit risk is managed through credit approvals, establishing credit limits and continuously monitoring the creditworthiness of customers to which the Company grants credit terms in the normal course of business.

As per simplified approach, the Company makes provision of expected credit losses on trade receivable using a provision matrix to mitigate the risk of default payment and make appropriate provision at each reporting date wherever required.

The Company has one customer who contributed more than 10% of the Company's total revenue during the current year and previous year. The revenue from such major customer(s) during the year is ? 26,862 (31-03-2024: ?18,283) and the outstanding amount as at 31-03-2025 amounts to ? 7,308 (31-03-2024: ?6,409).

Other financial assets:

Other financial assets primarily consists of cash and cash equivalents and deposits. Credit risk on cash and cash equivalents and deposits with banks and financial institutions are generally low as the said deposits have been made with the banks and financial institutions who have been assigned high credit rating by international and domestic credit rating agencies.

Investments in other than subsidiaries are strategic investments in the normal course of business of the Company. Loans to related parties are given for business purposes. The Company reassesses the recoverability of loans periodically. Interest recoveries from these loans are regular and there is no interest receipt defaults.

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will encounter difficulty in meeting the obligations associated with its financial liabilities that are settled by delivering cash or another financial asset. The Company’s approach to managing liquidity is to ensure, as far as possible, that it will have sufficient liquidity to meet its liabilities when they are due, under both normal and stressed conditions, without incurring unacceptable losses or risking damage to the Company’s reputation.

Management monitors rolling forecasts of the Company’s liquidity position and cash and cash equivalents on the basis of expected cash flows. The Company takes into account the liquidity of the market in which the entities operates. In addition, the Company’s liquidity management policy involves projecting cash flows in major currencies and considering the level of liquid assets necessary to meet these, monitoring balance sheet liquidity ratios against internal and external regulatory requirements and maintaining debt financing plans.

The Company's principal sources of liquidity are the cash flows generated from operations. The Company has no longterm borrowings and believes that the working capital loan is sufficient for its current requirements. Accordingly, no liquidity risk is perceived.

Maturities of financial liabilities

The tables below analyse the Company’s financial liabilities into relevant maturity groupings based on their contractual maturities for all non-derivative financial liabilities. The amounts disclosed in the table are the contractual undiscounted cash flows. Balances due within 12 months equal their carrying balances as the impact of discounting is insignificant.

34. Capital management

The Company’s objective when managing capital is to safeguard the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern in order to provide returns for shareholders and benefits for stakeholders. The Company also proposes to maintain an optimal capital structure to reduce the cost of capital. Hence, the Company may adjust any dividend payments, return capital to shareholders or issue new shares. Total capital is the total equity as shown in the Standalone Balance Sheet. Currently, the Company primarily monitors its capital structure on the basis of gearing ratio. Management is continuously evolving strategies to optimise the returns and reduce the risks. It includes plans to optimise the financial leverage of the Company.

(d) The Company during the year have declared a total interim dividend of INR 6 per share for INR 2 per share which is paid to the related parties in accordance with their shareholding as of the record date. For Promoter shareholder list, refer note 15(vi). Further, the Company has not brought back any shares from the related parties during the current or previous year.

37. Segment reporting

The Company has presented segment information in the consolidated financial statements which are presented in the same financial report. Accordingly, in terms of paragraph 3 of Ind AS 108 'Operating Segments' no disclosures related to segment are presented in these standalone financial statements.

The Company is contesting the above demand including few land related claims and the management believes that its position will likely be upheld in the appellate process and no expenses has been accrued in the standalone financial statements for the demand raised/ show cause notice received as the ultimate outcome of these proceedings will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's standalone financial statements. Pending resolution of the aforesaid respective proceedings, it is not practicable for the Company to estimate the timing of cash outflows, if any, in respect of the above.

(ii) The Company is contesting certain process and product patent infringement cases filed against it by the innovators in the ordinary course of business. A few of these cases pertain to products already launched by the Company in the market. These cases are pending before different authorities / courts and most of the claims involve complex issues. The outcome from these claims are uncertain due to a number of factors involved in legal trial such as stage of the proceedings and the overall length and extent of pre-trial discovery; the entitlement of the parties to an action to appeal a decision; clarity as to theories of liability; damages and governing law; uncertainties in timing of litigation; and the possible need for further legal proceedings to establish the appropriate amount of damages, if any. Often, these issues are subject to uncertainties and therefore the probability of a loss, if any, being sustained and an estimate of the amount of any loss is difficult to ascertain. Consequently, for a majority of these claims, it is not possible to make a reasonable estimate of the expected financial effect, if any, that will result from ultimate resolution of the proceedings. Further, at present, the management does not expect such liabilities to be significant.

(iii) The Company has reviewed all its pending litigations and proceedings and has adequately provided for where provisions are required and disclosed as contingent liabilities where applicable, in its standalone financial statements. The Company does not expect the outcome of these proceedings to have a materially adverse effect on its financial position.

39. The Company does not have any long-term contracts including derivatives for which there are any material foreseeable losses.

As at balance sheet date, the Company is not exposed to future cash flows for extension / termination options, residual value guarantees and leases not commenced to which lessee is committed.

The Company does not face a significant liquidity risk with regard to its lease liabilities as the current assets are sufficient to meet the obligations related to lease liabilities as and when they fall due.

The Company has taken certain rented premises on lease with contract terms within one year. These leases are short-term in nature and the Company has elected not to recognise right-of-use-assets and lease liabilities for these assets. The Company has incurred following expenses relating to short-term leases for which the recognition exemption has been applied (Refer note 29).

(ii) No funds have been advanced or loaned or invested (either from borrowed funds or share premium or any other sources or kind of funds) by the Company to or in any other person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities ("Intermediaries") with the understanding, whether recorded in writing or otherwise, that the Intermediary shall lend or invest in party identified by or on behalf of the Company (Ultimate Beneficiaries).

(iii) The Company has not received any fund from any person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities (Funding Party) with the understanding (whether recorded in writing or otherwise) that the company shall:

(a) directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Funding Party (Ultimate Beneficiaries) or

(b) provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.

(iv) The aggregate amount of revenue expenditure incurred by the Company during the year on Research and Development and shown in the respective heads of account is ? 3,235 (31-03-2024:? 2,541).

(v) The Company does not have any transaction which is not recorded in the books of account and has been surrendered or disclosed as income during the current year or previous year in the tax assessments under the Income-tax Act, 1961 (such as, search or survey or any other relevant provisions of the Income-tax Act, 1961).

(vi) There are no proceeding initiated or pending against the Company as at 31-03-2025 and as at 31-03-2024 under Prohibition of Benami Property Transactions Act, 1988 (as amended in 2016).

(vii) The Company is not declared as a wilful defaulter by any bank or financial institution or other lenders.

(viii) Compliance with number of layers of companies prescribed under clause (87) of Section 2 of the Companies Act, 2013 read with Companies (Restriction on number of Layers) Rules, 2017 is not applicable.

(ix) The Company has not entered into any scheme of arrangement which has an accounting impact on current or previous financial year.

(x) The Company has not traded or invested in Crypto currency or Virtual currency during the current year and previous year.

(xi) There are no loans or advances in the nature of loans that are granted to promoters, directors, KMP's and related parties (as defined under the Companies Act, 2013) either severally or jointly with any other person, that are:

a) repayable on demand; or

b) without specifying any terms or period of repayment\

The loan to subsidiaries are given for general business purpose. The said loan carries an interest rate of 5% p.a. (3103-2024: 5% p.a.).