H) Provision
Provisions are recognised in the balance sheet when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, which is expected to result in an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits which can be reliably estimated. Each provision is based on the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the balance sheet date. Where the time value of money is Significant, provisions are measured on a discounted basis.
Constructive obligation is an obligation that derives from an entity's actions where:
(a) by an established pattern of past practice, published policies or a sufficiently specific current statement, the entity has indicated to other parties that it will accept certain responsibilities and;
(b) as a result, the entity has created a valid expectation on the part of those other parties that it will discharge those responsibilities.
I) Income taxes
Tax expense for the year comprises current and deferred tax. The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from net profit as reported in the statement of profit and loss because it excludes items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and it further excludes items that are never taxable or deductible. The Company's liability for current tax is calculated using tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.
Deferred tax is the tax expected to be payable or recoverable on differences between the carrying values of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit and is accounted for using the balance sheet liability method. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences. In contrast, deferred tax assets are only recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilised.
The carrying value of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.
Deferred tax is calculated at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period when the liability is settled or the asset is realised based on the tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantially enacted by the end of the reporting period. The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the end of the reporting period, to cover or settle the carrying value of its assets and liabilities.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset to the extent that they relate to taxes levied by the same tax authority and there are legally enforceable rights to set off current tax assets and current tax liabilities within that jurisdiction.
Current and deferred tax are recognised as an expense or income in the statement of profit and loss, except when they relate to items credited or debited either in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity.
Deferred tax assets include Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) paid in accordance with the tax laws in India, which is likely to give future economic benefits in the form of availability of set off against future income tax liability. MAT is recognised as deferred tax assets in the Balance Sheet when the asset can be measured reliably and it is probable that the future economic benefit associated with the asset will be realised.
J) Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured, regardless of when the payment is being made. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable net of discounts, taking into account contractually defined terms and excluding taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government. Rental Income is recognised when it is earned and no significant uncertanity exists as to its realisation or collection.
Transaction price is accounted net of GST. Since GST is not received by the company on its own account, rather, it is collected by the Company on behalf of the government. Accordingly, it is excluded from revenue.
Interest Income
Interest income from financial assets is recognised by applying the Effective Interest Rate ('EIR') to the gross carrying amount of financial assets, other than credit-impaired assets and those classified as measured at Fair Value through Profi t or Loss (FVTPL) or Fair Value through Other Comprehensive Income (FVOCI). Interest Income on credit impaired financial assets is recognised by applying the effective interest rate to the net amortised cost (net of provision) of the financial asset.
Dividend Income
Income from dividend is recognised when the Company's right to receive such dividend is established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the entity, the dividend does not represent a recovery of part of cost of the investment and the amount of dividend can be measured reliably.
K) Contributed Equity
Equity shares are classified as equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of new shares or options are shown in equity as a deduction, net of tax, from the proceeds.
L) Exceptional Items
Certain occassions, the size, type, or incidences of the item of income or expenses pertaining to the ordinary activities of the Company is such that its disclosure improves the understanding of the performance of the Company, such income or expenses are classified as an exceptional item and accordingly, disclosed in the financial statements. It includes provision against Standard Assets which is created as per RBI guideline and disclosed under statement of Profit & Loss.
M) Borrowing Costs i^Y\Tt Hi-
Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds including interest expense calculated using the effective interest method, finance charges in respect of assets acquired on finance lease. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.
Borrowings costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those assets, until such time as the assets are substantially ready for the intended use or sale.
N) Cash and Cash Equivalents
For the purpose of presentation in the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand, deposits held at call with financial institutions, other short¬ term highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value, and bank overdrafts. Bank overdrafts are shown within borrowings in current liabilities in the balance sheet.
O) Trade Receivables
Trade receivables are recognised initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less provision for impairment, if any.
P) Segment Reporting Identification of Segments
The management is of the view that the business of the company predominantly falls within a single primary segment viz "Financial & Related Services" and hence there are no separate reportable segments as per Ind-AS dealing with the segment reporting.
Q) Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share is computed and disclosed using the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive earnings per share is computed and disclosed using the weighted average number of equityand dilutive equity equivalent shares outstanding during the period, except when the results would be anti-dilutive.
R) Contingent Liabilities and Assets
A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognized because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. The company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.
Contingent assets are not recognised in the financial statements, but are disclosed where an inflow of economic benefits is probable.
S) Cash Flow
Cash Flows are reported using Indirect Method, where by profit / (Loss) before tax is adjusted for the effects of transaction of non-cash nature and any deferrals or accruals of past or future cash receipts or payments. The cash flow from operating, investing and financing activities of the company is segregated based on the available information.
37 Defined Benefit Plan - Gratuity
The Gratuity scheme is a final salary defined benefit plan, that provides for lumpsum payment at the time of separation; based on scheme rules the benefits are calculated on the basis of last drawn salary and the period of service at the time of separation and paid as lumpsum. There is a vesting period of 5 years. The defined benefit plan is not funded with any institution like life insurance corporation of India, hence it is regared as unfunded liability.
Description of Risk Exposures :
Valuations are performed on certain basic set of pre-determined assumptions and other regulatory framework which may vary overtime. Thus, the Company is exposed to various risks in providing the above gratuity benefit which are as follows:
i) Interest Rates Risk: The plan exposes the Company to the risk of fall in interest rates. A fall in interest rates will result in an increase in the ultimate cost of providingthe above benefit and will thus result in an increase in the value of the liability (as shown in financial statements).
ii) Liquidity Risk : This is the risk that the Company is not able to meet the short-term gratuity payouts. This may arise due to non-availability of enough cash / cash equivalent to meet the liabilities or holding of liquid assets not being sold in time.
iii) Salary Escalation Risk : The present value of the defined benefit plan is calculated with the assumption of salary increase rate of plan participants in future. Deviation in the rate of increase of salary in future for plan participants from the rate of increase in salary used to determine the present value of obligation will have a bearing on the plan's liability.
iv) Demographic Risk : The Company has used certain mortality and attrition assumptions in valuation of the liability. The Company is exposed to the risk of actual experience turning out to be worse compared to the assumption.
v) Regulatory Risk : Gratuity benefit is paid in accordance with the requirements of the payment of Gratuity Act, 1972 (as amended from time to time). There is a risk of change in regulations requiring higher gratuity payouts (e.g. Increase in the maximum limit on gratuity of Rs. 20,00,000/-.)
39 Financial Risk Management and Policy
The Company's activities expose it to a variety of financial risks, including market risk, credit risk and liquidity risk. The Company continues to focus on a system-based approach to business risk management. The Company's financial risk management process seeks to enable the early identification, evaluation and effective management of key risks facing the business. Backed by strong internal control systems, the current Risk Management System rests on policies and procedures issued by appropriate authorities; process of regular reviews / audits to set appropriate risk limits and controls; monitoring of such risks and compliance confirmation for the same.The Company has exposure to the following risks from financial instruments.
a) Market Risk
b) Credit Risk '
c) Liquidity Risk _
a) Market risk
The Company's business primarily investing in shares, securities and units of Mutual Funds, it exposes it to the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of change in share market conditions. The Company closely monitors the changes in market conditions and select the sales strategies to mitigate its exposure to risk.
i) Interest rate risk _ _
Interest rate risk refers to the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates. The objectives of the Company's interest rate risk management processes are to lessen the impact of adverse interest rate movements on its earnings and cash flows and to minimise counter party risks.
The Company is exposed to interest rate volatilities primarily with respect to its short terms borrowings from financial institution and others. Such volatilities primarily arise due to changes in money supply within the economy and/or liquidity in Non-banking system dueto asset/liability mismatch, poorquality assets etc. of Non-banks. The Company manages such risk by operatingwith Non-banks having superior credit rating in the market as well as financial institutions.
The following table demonstrates the sensitivity to a reasonably possible change in interest rates on that portion of loans and borrowings affected. With all other variables held constant, the Company's profit before tax is affected through the impact on floating rate borrowings, as follows:
ii) Price risk
Investments in the mutual fund schemes are measured at fair value. Accordingly, these do not pose any significant price risk. b) Credit risk
Credit risk is the risk that counterparty will not meet its obligations leading to a financial loss. The Company has its policies to limit its exposure to credit risk arisingfrom outstanding receivables. Management regularly assess the credit quality of its customer's basis which, the terms of payment are decided. Credit limits are set for each customer which are reviewed on periodic intervals.
The risk relating to trade receivables is shown under note no 5.
Loans to Others:
The credit worthiness of the counter party is evaluated by the management on an ongoing basis and is considered to be good.
Investment in mutual funds:
The investment in mutual funds, are entered into with credit worthy fund houses. The credit worthiness of these counter parties are evaluated by the management on an on-going basis and is considered to be good. The Company does not expect any losses from these counter parties.
Cash and Cash equivalents:
Credit risk from balances with banks is managed by the Company in accordance with the company's policy. Investment of surplus funds are made in mainly in mutual funds with good returns and within approved credit ratings.
Unquoted Investments:
The cost of unquoted investments approximate the fair value because there is a range of possible fair value measurements and the cost represents estimate of fair value within that range.
Notes:
Debt service coverage ratio, Interest service coverage ratio. Current ratio, Long term debt to working capital. Bad debts to Accounts receivable ratio. Current liability ratio, Debtors turnover. Inventory turnover and Operating margin ratio is not applicable to the Company. m
49 The Company does not have any Benami Property. Further there are no proceedings initiated or are pending against the Company for holding any Benami Property under the Prohibition of Benami
Property Transaction Act., 1988 and rules made there under. _
50 The Company does not have transactions with any Struck off Company's during the year.
51 The Company has not traded or invested in Crypto Currency or virtual Currency during the financial year.
52 The Company has not advanced or loaned or invested funds to any other person(s) or entity(s) including foreing entities (intermediaries) with the understanding that the intermediaries shall:
a. Directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities in any manner what so ever by or on behalf of the Company (ultimate beneficiaries); or
b. Provide any guarantee,security or the like to or on behalf of the ultimate beneficiaries.
53 The Company has not received any fund from any person(s) or entity(s), including foreign entities ( funding party) with understanding ( whether recorded in writing or otherwise) that the Company will:
a. Directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner what so ever by or on behalf of the funding party ( ultimate beneficiaries); or
b. Provide any guarantee,security or the like on behalf of the ultimate beneficiaries.
54 The Company has not done any such transaction which is not recorded in the books of accounts that has been surrendered or disclosed as income during the year in the Tax assesments under the
Income Tax Act.,1961 _
55 The Company has not been declared as a willful defaulter by any Bank or Financial Institution or Government or any Government Authority.
56 The Company has not filed any scheme of arrangements in terms of Section 230 to 237 of the Companies Act., 2013 with any competent Authority.
57 The Previous Years Figures has been regrouped /rearranged whenever necessary to confirm to the current year presentation.
For and on behalf of the Board of Directors
As per our separate report attached of even date.
Sd/- Sd/-
For DAS & PRASAD Sushil Patwari Sunil Ishwarlal Patwari
Chartered Accountants (DIN: 00023980) (DIN: 00024007)
Firm Regn No. 303054E Chairman Managing Director
Sd/-
(CA Pramod Kumar Agarwal) Sd/- Sd/-
Partner Sanjeev Kumar Agarwal Ms. Bhawana
Membership No. 056921 Chief Financial Officer CompanySecretary
(Mem No.A65985)
Place : Kolkata Date: May 28, 2025
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