Contingent liabilities
A contingent Liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the company or a present obligation that is not recognized because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.
Borrowing Cost
Borrowing costs includes interest, amortization of ancillary costs incurred in connection with the arrangement of borrowings and exchange differences arising from Foreign Currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the interest cost.
Borrowing costs, if any, directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur.
P. Earnings per Share
The company reports basic earnings per share in accordance with Ind AS-33 "Earning per Share". Basic earnings per share have been computed by dividing net profit after tax by weighted average number of shares outstanding for the year.
Q. Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents for the purposes of cash flow statement comprise cash at bank and in hand and short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less and other short term highly liquid investment.
R. Other comprehensive income Under Ind AS
All items of income and expense recognized in a period should be included in profit or loss for the period, unless a standard requires or permits otherwise. Items of income and expense that are not recognized in profit or loss but are shown in the statement of profit and loss as ‘other comprehensive income’ includes remeasurements of defined benefit plans and fair value gains or (losses) on FVTOCI. The concept of other comprehensive income did not exist under previous GAAP.
S. Employee benefits
a) Short-term obligations
Liabilities for wages and salaries, including non-monetary benefits that are expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service are recognized in respect of employees services up to the end of the reporting period and are measured at the amounts expected to be paid when the liabilities are settled. The liabilities are presented as current employee benefit obligations in the balance sheet.
b) Other long-term employee benefit obligations
The liabilities for earned leave are not expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service. They are therefore measured as the present value of expected future payments to be made in respect of services provided by employees up to the end of the reporting period using the projected unit credit method. The benefits are discounted using the market yields at the end of the reporting period that have terms approximating to the terms of the related obligation. Re-measurements as a result of experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
The obligations are presented as current liabilities in the balance sheet if the entity does not have an unconditional right to defer settlement for at least twelve months after the ' reporting period, regardless of when the actual settlement is expected to occur.
c) Post-employment obligations
The Company operates the following postemployment schemes:
- Defined benefit plans such as gratuity, and
- Defined contribution plans such as provident fund and superannuation Fund Defined Benefit Plans
The liability or asset recognized in the balance sheet in respect of defined benefit gratuity plans is the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the end of the reporting period less the fair value of plan assets. The defined benefit obligation is calculated annually by actuaries using the projected unit credit method.
The present value of the defined benefit obligation denominated in INR is determined by discounting the estimated future cash outflows by reference to market yields at the end of the reporting period on government bonds that have terms approximating to the terms of the related obligation. The benefits which are denominated in currency other than INR, the cash flows are discounted using market yields determined by reference to high-quality corporate bonds that are denominated in the currency in which the benefits will be paid, and that have terms approximating to the terms of the related obligation.
The net interest cost is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net balance of the defined benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets. This cost is included in employee benefit expense in the statement of profit and loss.
Re-measurement gains and losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognized in the period in which they occur, directly in other comprehensive income.
They are included in retained earnings in the statement of changes in equity and in the balance sheet.
Re-measurements are not reclassified to profit and loss in the subsequent periods.
Changes in the present value of the defined benefit obligation resulting from plan amendments or curtailments are recognized immediately in profit or loss as past service cost.
Defined Contribution Plans
The Contribution towards provident fund, ESIC, pension fund and Social Security Funds for certain employee’s is made to the regulatory authorities where the Company has no further obligations. Such benefits are classified as Defined Contribution Schemes as the Company does not carry any further obligations apart from the contributions made on a monthly basis.
The Company recognizes contribution payable to a defined contribution plans as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the employees’ render services to the Company during the reporting period. If the contributions payable for services received from employees’ before the reporting date exceeds the contributions already paid, the deficit payable is recognized as a liability after deducting the contribution already paid. If the contribution already paid exceeds the contribution due for services received before the reporting date, the excess is recognized as an asset to the extent that the prepayment will lead to, for example, a reduction in future payments.
d) Share-based payments
Share-based compensation benefits are provided to employees under “Employee Stock Option Plan”. Employees’ of the Company receives remuneration in the form of share-based payments as per the eligibility criteria.
The cost of equity-settled transactions is determined by the fair value at the date when the grant is made. That cost is recognized, together with a corresponding increase in share-based payment (SBP) reserves in equity, over the period in which the performance and / or service conditions are fulfilled in employee benefits expense.
e) Bonus Plan
The Company recognizes a liability and an expense for bonuses. The Company recognizes a provision where contractually obliged or where there is a past practice that has created a constructive obligation.
T. Government grants and subsidiesRecognition and Measurements:
The Company is entitled to subsidies from governments in respect of manufacturing units located in specified regions. Such subsidies are measured at amounts received from the governments which are non-refundable and are recognized as income when there is a reasonable assurance that the Company will comply with all necessary condition attached to them. Income from subsidies is recognized on a systematic basis over the periods in which the related costs that are intended to be compensated by such subsidies are recognized.
The Company has received refundable government loans at below markets rate of interest which are accounted in accordance with the recognition and measurements principles of Ind AS 109, Financial Instruments. The benefits of below - market rate of interest is measured as the difference between the initial carrying value of loan determined in accordance with Ind AS 109 and the proceeds received.
It is recognized as income when there is a reasonable assurance that the Company will comply with all necessary condition attached to the loans. Income from such benefit is recognized on a systematic basis over the period if the loan during which the Company recognizes interest expense corresponding to such loans.
Presentation:
Income arising from below - market rate of interest loans are presented on gross basis under other income.
U. Events after reporting date
Where events occurring after the balance sheet provide evidence of condition that existed at the end of the reporting period, the impact of such events is adjusted within the financial statements. Otherwise, events after the balance sheet date of material size or nature are only disclosed.
V. Non-Current Assets held for sale
The Company classifies non-current assets as held for sale if their carrying amounts will be recovered principally through sale rather than through continuing use of the assets and actions required to complete such sale indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan to sell will be made or that the decision to sell will be withdrawn. Also, such assets are classified as held for sale only if the management expects to complete the sale within one year from the date of classification.
W. Fair Value
The Company measure financial instruments at fair value in accordance with the accounting policies mentioned above. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:
• In the principal market for the asset or liability, or
• In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability.
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorized within the fair value hierarchy that categorizes into three levels, described as follows, the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure value. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 inputs) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 inputs)
1. Level 1- Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
2. Level 2- Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly
3. Level 3- Inputs that are unobservable for the asset or liability.
For assets and liabilities that are recognized in the financial statements at fair value on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorization at the end of each reporting period and discloses the same.
X. Financial risk management objectives and policies:
The Company’s principal financial liabilities, other than derivatives, comprise loans and borrowings, trade and other payables. The main purpose of these financial liabilities is to finance the Company’s operations and to provide guarantees to support its operations. The Company’s principal financial assets include loans, trade and other receivables, and cash and cash equivalents that derive directly from its operations. The Company is exposed to market risk, credit risk and liquidity risk. The Company’s senior management oversees the management of these risks. The Company’s senior management advises on financial risks and the appropriate financial risk governance framework for the Company. All derivative activities for risk management purposes are carried out by specialist teams that have the appropriate skills, experience and supervision. It is the Company’s policy that no trading in derivatives for speculative purposes may be undertaken. The Board of Directors reviews and agrees policies for managing each of these risks, which are summarized below.
Financial risk management
The Company has a Senior Management consisting of Board of Directors for overseeing the Risk Management Framework and developing and monitoring the Company’s risk management policies. The risk management policies are established to ensure timely identification and evaluation of risks, setting acceptable risk thresholds, identifying and mapping controls against these risks, monitor the risks and their limits, improve risk awareness and transparency. Risk management policies and systems are reviewed regularly to reflect changes in the market conditions and the Company’s activities to provide reliable information to the Management and the Board to evaluate the adequacy of the risk management framework in relation to the risk faced by the Company
The risk management policies aims to mitigate the following risks arising from the financial instruments:— Market risk— Credit risk; and— Liquidity riska. Market risk
Market risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in the market prices. The Company is exposed in the ordinary course of its business to risks related to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices and interest rates.
The Company seeks to minimize the effects of these risks by using derivative financial instruments to hedge risk exposures. The use of financial derivatives is governed by the Company’s policies approved by the Board of Directors, which provide written principles on foreign exchange risk, interest rate risk, credit risk, the use of financial derivatives and non-derivative financial instruments, and the investment of excess liquidity. Compliance with policies and exposure limits is reviewed by the Management and the internal auditors on a continuous basis. The Company does not enter into or trade financial instruments, including derivatives for speculative purposes.
b. Credit risk management
Credit risk refers to the risk that a counterparty will default on its contractual obligations resulting in financial loss to the Company. Credit risk encompasses both, the direct risk of default and the risk of deterioration of creditworthiness as well as
concentration risks. The Company has adopted a policy of only dealing with creditworthy counterparties and obtaining sufficient collateral, where appropriate, as a means of mitigating the risk of financial loss from defaults.
Company’s credit risk arises principally from the trade receiva bles, loans, investments in debt securities, cash & cash equivalents, derivatives and financial guarantees.
c. Liquidity risk management
Liquidity risk refers to the risk of financial distress or extraordinary high financing costs arising due to shortage of liquid funds in a situation where business conditions unexpectedly deteriorate and requiring financing. The Company requires funds both for short term operational needs as well as for long term capital expenditure growth projects. The Company generates sufficient cash flow for operations, which together with the available cash and cash equivalents and short term investments provide liquidity in the short-term and long-term.
The Company has established an appropriate liquidity risk management framework for the management of the Company’s short, medium and long-term funding and liquidity management requirements. The Company manages liquidity risk by maintaining adequate reserves, banking facilities and reserve borrowing facilities, by continuously monitoring forecast and actual cash flows, and by matching the maturity profiles of financial assets and liabilities.
Fair value measurement of financial instruments
When the fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities recorded in the balance sheet cannot be measured based on quoted prices in active markets, their fair value is measured using valuation techniques including the DCF model. The inputs to these models are taken from observable markets where possible, but where this is not feasible, a degree of judgement is required in establishing fair values. Judgements include considerations of inputs such as liquidity risk, credit risk and volatility. Changes in assumptions about these factors could affect the reported value of financial instruments.
Capital management
For the purpose of the Company’s capital management, capital includes issued equity capital, convertible preference shares, share premium and all other equity reserves attributable to the equity holders of the parent. The primary objective of the Company’s capital management is to maximize the shareholder value.
The Company monitors its capital using gearing ratio, which is net debt divided to total equity. Net debt includes, interest bearing loans and borrowings less cash and cash equivalents, bank balances other than cash and cash equivalents and current investments.
Y. Ind AS 115, Revenue from contract with customers:
Ind AS 115 supersedes Ind AS 11, Construction Contract and Ind AS 18, Revenue. Ind AS 115 requires an entity to report information regarding nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flow arising from a contract with customers. The principle of Ind AS 115 is that an entity should recognize revenue they demonstrates the transfer of promised goods and service to customers at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The standard can be applied either retrospectively to each
prior reporting period presented or can be applied retrospectively with recognition of cumulative effect of contracts that are not completed contracts the date of initial application of the standard.
Based on the preliminary assessment performed by the company, the impact of
application of the standard is not expected to be material.
Z. NOTES FORMING PART OF ACCOUNTS
1. No contract on capital account remains to be executed.
2. No Contingent Liability as on 31.03.2025.
3. The amount of Exchange difference (Net) debited to the profit & Loss Account for
the Year is NIL
4. The balances appearing under Sundry Debtors, Sundry Creditors Advances to Suppliers and others are subject to confirmation.
5. The Loans & Advances are repayable on Demand, hence they are classified as Short-term Loans & Advances and not taken at Present Value of the Loan.
6. The Loans & Liabilities pertaining to the Company are Repayable on Demand, hence they are classified as Short-term Borrowing and not taken at the Present Value of the Loan.
7. The company has not received information from suppliers regarding their status under the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise Development Act, 2006 and hence the disclosures, if any, relating to amount unpaid as at the year-end together with interest paid/payable and other disclosures required to be made U/s.22 of the above Act is have not been given. In determining Earning per share as per Ind AS -33, the Company has considered net profit after tax. The Number of Shares used for determining basic EPS is the total Number of shares issued & fully paid up as at 31st March, 2025.
8. The cash flow Statement As per Ind AS 7 is as per Annexure.
9. No disclosure is required under Ind AS-105 on "Discontinuing Operations” issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India as the company has not discontinued any line of its activity / product line during the year.
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