Revenue recognition
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See Note 2(k) to standalone financial statements
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The key audit matter
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How the matter was addressed in our audit
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The Company generates its revenues from rendering tech-enabled investor solutions, including acting as a Registrar for Public Issues of Securities and Securities Transfers, managing back-office operations for mutual fund houses, and handling data processing activities. Revenue is recognised as per the terms of the contract with the respective customers and when it meets the recognition criteria as per Ind AS 115 on "Revenue from contracts with customers" (Ind AS 115).
There exists a risk of revenue not being recognised in proportion to the service performed by the Company. Further, revenue may also be recorded in an incorrect period or on a basis which is inconsistent with the contractual terms agreed with the customers.
Revenue being a key performance metric, it could create an incentive for revenue to be overstated or recognized before the control has been transferred.
Considering these factors, revenue recognition has been considered as a key audit matter.
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Our audit procedures included:
Assessed the Company's revenue recognition policies for compliance with Ind AS 115;
Evaluated the design and implementation and tested the operating effectiveness of the relevant key internal controls with respect to revenue recognition;
Performed substantive testing on samples selected using statistical sampling method for revenue transactions recorded during the year by testing the underlying documentation/ records;
Tested on a sample basis using statistical sampling method, specific revenue transactions recorded before and after the financial year end date to check revenue recognition in the correct financial period; and
Performed variance analyses on revenue recognized during the year at a disaggregated level to identify any unusual variances. This included comparing current year revenue with prior periods, analyzing monthly and quarterly trends, and examining price and billing information changes. We investigated any significant fluctuations to ensure they align with the Company's revenue recognition policies.
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Identification and recognition of intangible assets under development
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See Note 2(f) to standalone financial statements
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The Company is engaged in the development of technology platforms and applications as part of its service offerings. As of the reporting date, the Company has capitalized significant costs related to these projects as internally generated intangible assets under development.
The process of capitalizing development cost involves significant management judgement in determining whether respective projects (including enhancements) meet the criteria for captialisation under Ind AS 38, Intangible Assets (Ind AS 38). This includes evaluating technical feasibility, intention to complete and use the asset, and the ability to reliably measure the expenditure. Given the materiality of the amounts involved, the level of management judgment required, and the complexity in applying the recognition criteria, this area was considered a key audit matter.
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Our audit procedures included:
Assessed the Company's policies for identification of internally generated intangible assets for compliance with Ind AS 38. Evaluated the design and implementation of the relevant controls and tested the operating effectiveness of the key controls with respect to identification and recognition of such internally generated intangible assets.
For projects commenced during the current year, we evaluated the appropriateness of the recognition criteria applied by management on a sample basis. This included assessing the technical feasibility and the intention to complete the projects by reviewing project documentation, development milestones, and technical evaluations conducted by the Company's development team.
On a sample basis, tested the costs capitalised as the intangible asests under development to ensure they were directly attributable to the project and met the recognition criteria.
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Examined the disclosures related to internally generated intangible assets to verify compliance with Ind AS.
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We have audited the standalone financial statements of KFin Technologies Limited (the "Company") which comprise the standalone balance sheet as at 31 March 2025, and the standalone statement of profit and loss (including other comprehensive income), standalone statement of changes in equity and standalone statement of cash flows for the year then ended, and notes to the standalone financial statements, including material accounting policies and other explanatory information.
In our opinion and to the best of our information and according to the explanations given to us, the aforesaid standalone financial statements give the information required by the Companies Act, 2013 ("Act") in the manner so required and give a true and fair view in conformity with the accounting principles generally accepted in India, of the state of affairs of the Company as at 31 March 2025, and its profit and other comprehensive loss, changes in equity and its cash flows for the year ended on that date.
Basis for Opinion
We conducted our audit in accordance with the Standards on Auditing (SAs) specified under Section 143(10) of the Act. Our responsibilities under those SAs are further described in the Auditor's Responsibilities for the Audit of the Standalone Financial Statements section of our report. We are independent of the Company in accordance with the Code of Ethics issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India together with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the standalone financial statements under the provisions of the Act and the Rules thereunder, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements and the Code of Ethics. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion on the standalone financial statements.
Emphasis of Matter
We draw attention to Note 34 of the standalone financial statements, where pre-amalgamated Company was
the Registrar and Transfer Agent ('RTA') of a past client ("the Client") until 5 April 2021. The Client had a demat account with one of the Depository Participants ("DP") for depositing its shares in escrow for the purposes of its initial public offering ("IPO"). The Company identified that 1,294,489 shares were transferred by the DP (in 2011 and 2020) from the said escrow account of the Client to the DP's own demat account and to Third Party's demat account through an off-market transaction without any authorisation from the Client. The Board of Directors of the Company after considering legal advice transferred 1,294,489 shares to the escrow account of the Client on a 'good faith and no fault' basis, after reducing the amount payable upon redemption, in future, of the Redeemable Preference Shares issued in October 2021, by INR 300 million, pursuant to an indemnity clause mentioned in the agreement for the issuance of such Redeembale Preference Shares. The dividend received on such shares by the Company in the financial year 2021-22 of INR 4.08 million was also transferred to the Client.
The Company has recognised an amount of INR 84.25 million as a provision as of 31 March 2025 in the standalone financial statements related to potential claims by the Client (including dividends on such shares for the earlier periods). Pending the final settlement of terms to be agreed with the Client, the Company has measured the said provision at its best estimate. The Company will initiate proceedings against the concerned parties, including certain minority shareholders, for recovery of the amount paid and payable by the Company in connection with this matter upon completion of final settlement with the Client.
Our opinion is not modified in respect of this matter. Key Audit Matters
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit of the standalone financial statements of the current period. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the standalone financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters.
Other Information
The Company's Management and Board of Directors are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information included in the annual report, but does not include the financial statements and auditor's report thereon. The annual report is expected to be made available to us after the date of this auditor's report.
Our opinion on the standalone financial statements does not cover the other information and we will not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.
In connection with our audit of the standalone financial statements, our responsibility is to read the
other information identified above when it becomes available and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the standalone financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated.
When we read the annual report, if we conclude that there is a material misstatement therein, we are required to communicate the matter to those charged with governance and take necessary actions, as applicable under the relevant laws and regulations.
Management's and Board of Directors' Responsibilities for the Standalone Financial Statements
The Company's Management and Board of Directors are responsible for the matters stated in Section 134(5) of the Act with respect to the preparation of these standalone financial statements that give a true and fair view of the state of affairs, profit/ loss and other comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows of the Company in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in India, including the Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) specified under Section 133 of the Act. This responsibility also includes maintenance of adequate accounting records in accordance with the provisions of the Act for safeguarding of the assets of the Company and for preventing and detecting frauds and other irregularities; selection and application of appropriate accounting policies; making judgments and estimates that are reasonable and prudent; and design, implementation and maintenance of adequate internal financial controls, that were operating effectively for ensuring the accuracy and completeness of the accounting records, relevant to the preparation and presentation of the standalone financial statements that give a true and fair view and are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
In preparing the standalone financial statements, the Management and Board of Directors are responsible for assessing the Company's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the Board of Directors either intends to liquidate the Company or to cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so.
The Board of Directors is also responsible for overseeing the Company's financial reporting process.
Auditor's Responsibilities for the Audit of the Standalone Financial Statements
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the standalone financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor's report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with SAs will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these standalone financial statements.
As part of an audit in accordance with SAs, we exercise professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit. We also:
• Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the standalone financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.
• Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances. Under Section 143(3)(i) of the Act, we are also responsible for expressing our opinion on whether the company has adequate internal financial controls with reference to financial statements in place and the operating effectiveness of such controls.
• Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by the Management and Board of Directors.
• Conclude on the appropriateness of the Management and Board of Directors use of the going concern basis of accounting in preparation of standalone financial statements and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditor's report to the related disclosures in the standalone financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor's report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Company to cease to continue as a going concern.
• Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the standalone financial statements, including the disclosures, and whether the standalone financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation.
We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit.
We also provide those charged with governance with a statement that we have complied with relevant ethical requirements regarding independence, and
to communicate with them all relationships and other matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and where applicable, related safeguards.
From the matters communicated with those charged with governance, we determine those matters that were of most significance in the audit of the standalone financial statements of the current period and are therefore the key audit matters. We describe these matters in our auditor's report unless law or regulation precludes public disclosure about the matter or when, in extremely rare circumstances, we determine that a matter should not be communicated in our report because the adverse consequences of doing so would reasonably be expected to outweigh the public interest benefits of such communication.
Report on Other Legal and Regulatory Requirements
1. As required by the Companies (Auditor's Report) Order, 2020 ("the Order") issued by the Central Government of India in terms of Section 143(11) of the Act, we give in the "Annexure A" a statement on the matters specified in paragraphs 3 and 4 of the Order, to the extent applicable.
2A. As required by Section 143(3) of the Act, we report that:
a. We have sought and obtained all the information and explanations which to the best of our knowledge and belief were necessary for the purposes of our audit.
b. In our opinion, proper books of account as required by law have been kept by the Company so far as it appears from our examination of those books, except for the matter stated in the paragraph 2(B)(f) below on reporting under Rule 11(g) of the Companies (Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014.
c. The standalone balance sheet, the standalone statement of profit and loss (including other comprehensive income), the standalone statement of changes in equity and the standalone statement of cash flows dealt with by this Report are in agreement with the books of account.
d. In our opinion, the aforesaid standalone financial statements comply with the Ind AS specified under Section 133 of the Act.
e. On the basis of the written representations received from the directors on various dates between 01 April 2025 to 09 April 2025 taken on record by the Board of Directors, none of the directors is disqualified as on 31 March 2025
from being appointed as a director in terms of Section 164(2) of the Act.
f. the qualification relating to the maintenance of accounts and other matters connected therewith are as stated in the paragraph 2A(b) above on reporting under Section 143(3) (b) of the Act and paragraph 2B(f) below on reporting under Rule 11(g) of the Companies (Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014.
g. With respect to the adequacy of the internal financial controls with reference to financial statements of the Company and the operating effectiveness of such controls, refer to our separate Report in "Annexure B".
B. With respect to the other matters to be included in the Auditor's Report in accordance with Rule 11 of the Companies (Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014, in our opinion and to the best of our information and according to the explanations given to us:
a. The Company has disclosed the impact of pending litigations as at 31 March 2025 on its financial position in its standalone financial statements - Refer Note 33 to the standalone financial statements.
b. The Company did not have any long¬ term contracts including derivative contracts for which there were any material foreseeable losses.
c. There were no amounts which were required to be transferred to the Investor Education and Protection Fund by the Company.
d (i) The management has represented that, to the best of its knowledge and belief, as disclosed in the Note 49 to the standalone financial statements, no funds have been advanced or loaned or invested (either from borrowed funds or share premium or any other sources or kind of funds) by the Company to or in any other person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities ("Intermediaries"), with the understanding, whether recorded in writing or otherwise, that the Intermediary shall directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Company ("Ultimate Beneficiaries") or provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.
(ii) The management has represented that, to the best of its knowledge and belief, as disclosed in the Note 49 to the standalone financial statements, no funds have
been received by the Company from any person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities ("Funding Parties"), with the understanding, whether recorded in writing or otherwise, that the Company shall directly or indirectly, lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Funding Parties ("Ultimate Beneficiaries") or provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.
(iii) Based on the audit procedures that have been considered reasonable and appropriate in the circumstances, nothing has come to our notice that has caused us to believe that the representations under sub-clause (i) and (ii) of Rule 11(e), as provided under (i) and (ii) above, contain any material misstatement.
e. The final dividend paid by the Company during the year, in respect of the same declared for the previous year, is in accordance with Section 123 of the Act to the extent it applies to payment of dividend.
As stated in Note 17 to the standalone financial statements, the Board of Directors of the Company has proposed final dividend for the year which is subject to the approval of the members at the ensuing Annual General Meeting. The dividend declared is in accordance with Section 123 of the Act to the extent it applies to declaration of dividend.
f. Based on our examination which included test checks, the Company has used accounting software for maintaining its books of account which have a feature of recording audit trail (edit log) facility except that that audit trail was not enabled at the database level
for accounting software used for financial reporting up to 25 April 2025 and for changes made using privileged access rights to log any direct data changes throughout the year. For accounting software for which audit trail feature is enabled, the audit trail facility has been operating throughout the year for all relevant transactions recorded in the software and we did not come across any instance of audit trail feature being tampered with during the course of our audit. Additionally, the audit trail has been preserved by the Company as per the statutory requirements for record retention from the date the audit trail was enabled for the accounting software.
C. With respect to the matter to be included in the Auditor's Report under Section 197(16) of the Act:
I n our opinion and according to the information and explanations given to us, the remuneration paid by the Company to its directors during the current year is in accordance with the provisions of Section 197 of the Act. The remuneration paid to any director is not in excess of the limit laid down under Section 197 of the Act. The Ministry of Corporate Affairs has not prescribed other details under Section 197(16) of the Act which are required to be commented upon by us.
For B S R and Co
Chartered Accountants Firm's Registration No.:128510W
Amit Kumar Bajaj
Partner
Place: Hyderabad Membership No.: 218685
Date: 28 April 2025 ICAI UDIN: 25218685BMMKCW5553
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