3.18. Provisions and Contingencies
Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, and it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.
The amount recognised as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation.
When the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed from third parties, for example, under an insurance contract, the reimbursement is recognised as a separate asset, but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain that reimbursement will be received and the amount of the receivable can be measured reliably. The expense relating to a provision is presented in the statement of profit or loss net of any reimbursement.
If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.
A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognised because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability
that cannot be recognised because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.
Contingent assets are not recognised but disclosed in the financial statements when an inflow of economic benefits is probable.
3.19. Segment Reporting
Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision maker.
3.20. Cash flow statement
Cash flows are reported using indirect method, whereby net profits before tax are adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature and any deferrals or accruals of past or future cash receipts or payments and items of income or expenses associated with investing or financing cash flows. The cash flows from regular revenue generating (operating activities), investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.
3.21. Events occurring after the reporting period
The Company evaluates events and transactions that occur subsequent to the balance sheet date but prior to the approval of financial statements to determine the necessity for recognition and/or reporting of subsequent events and transactions in the financial statements.
4. Critical accounting estimates and assumptions
The preparation of Ind AS Financial Statements in conformity with Ind AS requires the management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, the disclosures of contingent assets and contingent liabilities at the date of Ind AS Financial Statements, income and expense during the period. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. However, uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require material adjustment to the carrying amount of the asset or liability affected in future periods. Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an on-going basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the periods in which the estimates are revised and in future periods which are affected.
In the process of applying the Company's accounting policies, management has made the following judgments and estimates, which have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the Ind AS Financial Statements.
The following are areas involving critical estimates and judgments:
Judgements:
• Taxes
• Contingencies
• Leases Estimates:
• Property, Plant & Equipment
• Employee benefit plans
• Fair value measurement of financial instruments
• Allowance for uncollectible trade receivables /
loans
(a) Taxes
Significant management judgement is required to determine the amount of deferred tax assets that can be recognised, based upon the likely timing and the level of future taxable profits together with future tax planning strategies, including estimates of temporary differences reversing on account of available benefits from the Income Tax Act, 1961.
Deferred tax assets are recognized for unused tax credits to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the losses can be utilized. Significant management judgment is required to determine the amount of deferred tax assets that can be recognized, based upon the likely timing and the level of future taxable profits together with future tax planning strategies.
(b) Contingencies
In the normal course of business, contingent liabilities may arise from litigation and other claims against the Company. Potential liabilities that are possible but not probable to crystallize or are very difficult to quantify reliably are treated as contingent liabilities. Such liabilities are disclosed in the notes but are not recognised. Potential liabilities that are remote are neither recognized nor disclosed as contingent liability. The management judgement is involved in classification under 'remote', possible' or 'probable'
which is carried out based on expert advice, past judgements, experiences etc. [Refer note 26].
(c) Leases
The Company recognizes the leased asset as well as a liability equal to the present value of the lease payments. To calculate the present value of the lease payments, the Company uses the incremental borrowing rate or the rate of interest that would have been charged if the Company had borrowed the funds to purchase the asset. Identifying the incremental borrowing rate requires judgment and may involve assessing factors such as the Company's creditworthiness, market conditions, and the terms of the lease.
(d) Property, Plant & Equipment
(i) Impairment
The value in use calculation requires the directors to estimate the future cash flow expected to arise from the cash-generating unit and a suitable discount rate in order to calculate present value. Where the actual future cash flows are less than expected, an impairment loss which is material in nature is accounted for.
(ii) Useful lives
The Company reviews the useful life of property, plant and equipment at the end of each reporting period. This assessment may result in change in the depreciation expense in future periods.
(e) Employee benefit plans
The present value of obligations under defined benefit plan and other long term employment benefits is determined using actuarial valuations. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions= that may differ from actual development in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future salary escalations, attrition rate and mortality rates Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long term nature, these obligations are highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date. Information about the various estimates and assumptions made in determining present value of defined benefit obligation is disclosed in note 30.
(f) Fair value measurement of financial instruments
When the fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities recorded in the Balance Sheet cannot be measured based on quoted prices in active markets, their fair value is measured using valuation techniques. The inputs to these models are taken from observable markets where possible, but where this is not feasible, a degree of judgment is required in establishing fair values. Judgments include considerations of inputs such as liquidity risk, credit risk and volatility. Changes in assumptions relating to these factors could affect the reported fair value of financial instruments.
(g) Allowance for uncollectible trade receivables / loans
The Company has used a practical expedient by computing the expected credit loss allowance for trade receivables / loans based on a provision matrix considering the nature of receivables and the risk characteristics. The provision matrix takes into accounts historical credit loss experience and adjusted for forward looking information. The expected credit loss allowance is based on the ageing of the day of the receivables are due and the rates as given in the provision matrix.
(v) In the period of five years immediately preceding March 31, 2025:
During the period of five financial years immediately preceding the Balance Sheet date
i) In pursuance of resolution passed at EGM held on March 30, 2023, the Company has issued and allotted 2,60,00,000 fully paid up equity shares by way of bonus issue in the proportion of 26 no of equity shares for every 4 no of equity shares held by each shareholders.
ii) In pursuance of resolution passed at EGM held on March 10, 2021, the Company has bought back 1,81,800 fully paid up equity shares.
iii) The Company has not allotted any equity shares pursuant to any contract without payment being received in cash.
Notes :
(a) It is not practicable for the Company to estimate the timing of cash outflows, if any, in respect of the above pending resolution of the respective proceedings.
(b) The Company has received an Assessment order dated March 26, 2025, under section 143(3) read with section 144B of Income Tax Act, 1961 for the income tax return filed for the financial year 2022-23 (A.Y.2023-24), wherein certain additions/ disallowances with respect to returned income have been proposed by the assessing officer. The demand of ' 25.28 crores raised under section 156 of the Income-Tax Act, 1961 which is mainly on account of treating the issuance of bonus share as unexplained u/s 68 of the Income Tax Act, 1961.
The Company has filed an appeal against the impugned order before the Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeal) on March 31, 2025. The Company has provided written submission in response to the hearing before the Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeal) u/s 250 of the Act, 1961 on April 30, 2025. The Company is awaiting further proceedings from the department.
(c) The Company does not expect any reimbursements in respect of the above contingent liabilities.
(d) The Company believes that the ultimate outcome of these proceedings will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial position and results of operations.
Note 28 : Foreign Exchange Derivatives and Exposures not Hedged
Foreign exchange derivatives are financial instruments used by the Company to hedge its exposure to currency fluctuations related to its foreign currency transactions and balances. Unhedged foreign currency exposures arise when such transactions or balances are not covered by a derivative contract or natural hedge.
For the year ended March 31,2025, the Company has not entered into any foreign exchange derivative contracts. Further, there are no foreign currency exposures that remain unhedged as at March 31,2025.
Note 29 : Segment Reporting
Identification of Segments:
The chief operational decision maker monitors the operating results of its Business segment separately for the purpose of making decision about resource allocation and performance assessment. Segment performance is evaluated based on profit or loss and is measured consistently with profit or loss in the financial statements. Operating segment have been identified on the basis of nature
Note:
(a) Employees of the Company receive benefits from a provident fund, which is a defined contribution plan. The eligible employees and the Company make monthly contributions to the provident fund plan equal to a specified percentage of the employees' salary. Amounts collected under the provident fund plan are deposited in a government administered provident fund. Employees of the Company receive benefits from a government administered provident fund, which is a defined contribution plan. The Company has no further obligation to the plan beyond its monthly contributions. Such contributions are accounted for as defined contribution plans and are recognised as employee benefits expenses when they are due in the Statement of profit and loss.
(b) The Company's Employee State Insurance Fund, for all eligible employees, is administered by ESIC Corporation. The Company is required to contribute specified amount to ESIC Corporation and has no further obligations to the same beyond its contribution.
B. Defined Benefit Plans:
The Company has following post employment benefit plans which are in the nature of defined benefit plans:
(a) Gratuity
The Company provides for gratuity for employees in India as per the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972. Employees who are in continuous service for a period of 5 years are eligible for gratuity. The amount of gratuity payable on retirement/ termination is the employees last drawn basic salary per month computed proportionately for 15 days salary multiplied for the number of years of service.
Liabilities with regard to the Gratuity Plan are determined by actuarial valuation, performed by an independent actuary, at each Balance Sheet date using the projected unit credit method.
The Company recognizes the net obligation of a defined benefit plan in its Balance Sheet as an asset or liability. Gains and losses through re-measurements of the net defined benefit liability/(asset) are recognized in other comprehensive income and are not reclassified to profit or loss in subsequent periods. The actual return of the portfolio of plan assets, in excess of the yields computed by applying the discount rate used to measure the defined benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive income.
Risks associated to the defined benefit plans:
1. Interest rate risk: A fall in the discount rate which is linked to the G.Sec. Rate will increase the present value of the liability requiring higher provision. A fall in the discount rate generally increases the mark to market value of the assets depending on the duration of asset.
2. Salary Risk: The present value of the defined benefit plan liability is calculated by reference to the future salaries of member As such, an increase in the salary of the members more than assumed level will increase the plan's liability.
3. Investment Risk: The present value of the defined benefit plan liability is calculated using a discount rate which is determined by reference to market yields at the end of the reporting period on government bonds. If the return on plan asset is below this rate, it will create a plan deficit. Currently, for the plan in India, it has a relatively balanced mix of investments in government securities, and other debt instruments.
4. Asset Liability Matching Risk: The plan faces the ALM risk as to the matching cash flow. Since the plan is invested in lines of Rule 101 of Income Tax Rules, 1962, this generally reduces ALM risk.
5. Mortality risk: Since the benefits under the plan is not payable for life time and payable till retirement age only, plan does not have any longevity risk.
6. Concentration Risk: Plan is having a concentration risk as all the assets are invested with the insurance company and a default will wipe out all the assets. Although probability of this is very low as insurance companies have to follow stringent regulatory guidelines.
(b) Other Long term employee benefit plans:
Leave encashment (Unfunded)
The Company has a policy on leave encashment which are both accumulating and non-accumulating in nature. The expected cost of accumulating leave encashment is determined by actuarial valuation performed by an independent actuary at each Balance Sheet date using projected unit credit method on the additional amount expected to be paid/availed as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the Balance Sheet date. Expense on non-accumulating compensated absences is recognized in the period in which the absences occur.
The management assessed that the fair values of cash and cash equivalents, other bank balances, loans, trade receivables, other current financial assets, trade payables and other current financial liabilities approximate their carrying amounts largely due to the short-term maturities of these instruments.
The fair value of the financial assets and liabilities is included at the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties, other than in a forced or liquidation sale. The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair values.
The fair value of borrowings is calculated by discounting future cash flows using rates currently available for debts on similar terms, credit risk and remaining maturities.
For financial assets and financial liabilities that are measured at fair value, the carrying amounts are equal to the fair values.
Note 37 : Financial instruments risk management objectives and policies
The Company's activities expose it to a variety of financial risks, including market risk, credit risk and liquidity risk. The Company's risk management assessment and policies and processes are established to identify and analyse the risks faced by the Company, to set appropriate risk limits and controls, and to monitor such risks and compliance with the same. Risk assessment and management policies and processes are reviewed regularly to reflect changes in market conditions and the Company's activities.
The Company's risk management is carried out by a Treasury department under policies approved by the Board of directors. The Company's treasury identifies, evaluates and hedges financial risks in close co-operation with the Company's operating units. The board provides written principles for overall risk.
(a) Market risk
Market risk refers to the possibility that changes in the market rates may have impact on the Company's profits or the value of its holding of financial instruments. The Company is exposed to market risks on account of foreign exchange rates, interest rates, underlying equity prices, liquidity and other market changes.
Future specific market movements cannot be normally predicted with reasonable accuracy.
(a1) Interest rate risk
Interest rate risk refers to the possibility that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rate. The Company is exposed to interest rate risk of short-term and long-term floating rate instruments. The Company's policy is to maintain a balance of fixed and floating interest rate borrowings and the proportion of fixed and floating rate debt is determined by current market interest rates. The borrowings of the Company are principally denominated in Indian Rupees with mix of fixed and floating rates of interest. These exposures are reviewed by appropriate levels of management at regular interval.
The exposures of the Company's borrowings at the end of the reporting period are as follows:
(b) Credit risk
Credit risk refers to the risk that counterparty will default on its contractual obligations resulting in financial loss to the Company. Credit risk encompasses of both, the direct risk of default and the risk of deterioration of creditworthiness as well as concentration of risks. Financial instruments that are subject to concentrations of credit risk materially consists of trade receivables, investments and derivative financial instruments.
The Company is exposed to credit risk from its operating activities (primarily trade receivables and also from its investing activities including deposits with banks, forex transactions and other financial instruments) for receivables, cash and cash equivalents, financial guarantees and derivative financial instruments.
All trade receivables are subject to credit risk exposure. The Company's exposure to credit risk is influenced mainly by the individual characteristics of each customer. The demographics of the customer, including the default risk of the industry and country, in which the customer operates, also has an influence on credit risk assessment. Credit risk is managed through established policies, controls relating to credit approvals and procedures for continuously monitoring the creditworthiness of customers to which the Company grants credit terms in the normal course of business. Outstanding customer receivables are regularly monitored and any shipments to major customers are generally covered by letters of credit. The history of trade receivables shows a negligible provision for bad and doubtful debts. Therefore, the Company does not expect any material risk on account of non-performance by any of the Company's counterparties. The Company does not have significant concentration of credit risk related to trade receivables. However, There is one customer contribute to 10.86% of company's outstanding accounts receivable as of March 31,2025.
Trade receivables are non-interest bearing and are gene3rally on 30 to 180 days credit term.
(c) Liquidity risk
Liquidity risk is defined as the risk that the Company will not be able to settle or meet its obligations on time, or at a reasonable price. The objective of liquidity risk management is to maintain sufficient liquidity and ensure that funds are available for use as per requirements. Prudent liquidity risk management implies maintaining sufficient cash and marketable securities and the availability of funding through an adequate amount of committed credit facilities to meet obligations when due and to close out market positions. Due to the dynamic nature of the underlying businesses, the Company's treasury maintains flexibility in funding by maintaining availability under committed credit lines.
The Company generates cash flows from operations to meet its financial obligations, maintains adequate liquid assets in the form of cash & cash equivalents and has undrawn short term line of credits from banks to ensure necessary liquidity. The Company closely monitors its liquidity position and deploys a robust cash management system. Management monitors rolling forecasts of the Company's liquidity position and cash and cash equivalents on the basis of expected cash flows. This is generally carried out at local level in the operating companies of the Company in accordance with practice and limits set by the Company. These limits vary by location to take into account the liquidity of the market in which the entity operates.
In addition, the Company's liquidity management policy involves projecting cash flows in major currencies and considering the level of liquid assets necessary to meet these, monitoring balance sheet liquidity ratios against internal and external regulatory requirements and maintaining debt financing plans.
During the year, the Company has been regular in repayment of principal and interest on borrowings on or before due dates. The Company did not have defaults of principal and interest as on reporting date.
The Company requires funds both for short-term operational needs as well as for long-term investment programmes mainly in growth projects.
Note 38 : Capital Management Risk Management
For the purpose of the Company's capital management, capital includes issued equity capital and all other equity reserves attributable to the equity holders of the Company. The primary objective of the Company's capital management is to ensure that it maintains an efficient capital structure and healthy capital ratios in order to support its business and maximise shareholder value.
The Company manages its capital structure and makes adjustments to it in light of changes in economic conditions or its business requirements to optimise return to our shareholders through continuing growth. To maintain or adjust the capital structure, the Company may adjust the dividend payment to shareholders, return capital to shareholders or issue new shares. The funding requirements are met through a mixture of equity, internal fund generation and other non-current borrowings. The Company monitors capital using a gearing ratio, which is net debt divided by total capital plus net debt. The Company includes within net debt, interest bearing loans and borrowings less cash and short-term deposits (including other bank balance). The Company is not subject to any externally imposed capital requirements.
In order to achieve this overall objective, the Company's capital management, amongst other things, aims to ensure that it meets financial covenants attached to the interest-bearing loans and borrowings that define capital structure requirements. Breaches in meeting the financial covenants would permit the bank to immediately call loans and borrowings. There have been no breaches in the financial covenants of any long term borrowing in the current period.
No changes were made in the objectives, policies or processes for managing capital during the current period.
Note 39 : Code on Social Security, 2020
The Code on Social Security, 2020 ('Code') relating to employee benefits during employment and post-employment benefits received Indian Parliament approval and Presidential assent in September 2020. The Code has been published in the Gazette of India. However, the date on which the Code will come into effect has not been notified. The Company will assess the impact of the Code when it comes into effect and will record any related impact in the period the Code becomes effective.
Note 40 : New Accounting Pronouncements to be adopted on or after March 31, 2025
There are no standards or interpretations which are notified but not yet effective and that would be expected to have a material impact on the Company in the current or future reporting periods.
Note 41 : Additional Regulatory Disclosures As Per Schedule III Of Companies Act, 2013
Additional Regulatory Information pursuant to Clause 6L of General Instructions for preparation of Balance Sheet as given in Part I of Division II of Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013, are given hereunder to the extent relevant and other than those given elsewhere in any other notes to the Financial Statements.
a. Utilisation of borrowed funds and share premium
During the year ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024, the Company has not advanced or loaned or invested funds (either borrowed funds or share premium or kind of funds) to any other person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities (Intermediaries)with the understanding (whether recorded in writing or otherwise) that the Intermediary shall:
i) directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Company (Ultimate Beneficiaries) or
ii) provide any guarantee, security or the like to or on behalf of the ultimate beneficiaries.
Further, during the year ended March 31,2025 and March 31,2024, the Company has not received any fund from any person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities (Funding Party) with the understanding (whether recorded in writing or otherwise) that the Company shall:
i) directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Funding Party (Ultimate Beneficiaries) or
ii) provide any guarantee, security, or the like on behalf of the ultimate beneficiaries.
b. Details of crypto currency or virtual currency
The Company has not invested or traded in Crypto Currency or Virtual Currency during the year ended March 31, 2025 (Previous year: Nil).
c. Details of benami property held
No proceedings have been initiated on or are pending against the Company for holding benami property under the Prohibition of Benami Property Transactions Act, 1988 (as amended in 2016) (formerly the Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Act, 1988 (45 of 1988)) and Rules made thereunder during the year ended March 31,2025 (Previous year: Nil).
d. Wilful Defaulter
The Company has not been declared as a wilful defaulter by any lender who has powers to declare a company as a wilful defaulter at any time during the financial year or after the end of reporting period but before the date when the financial statements are approved.
e. Undisclosed Income
The Company does not have any transactions which is not recorded in the books of accounts but has been surrendered or disclosed as income during the year in the tax assessments under the Income Tax Act, 1961 (such as, search or survey or any other relevant provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961).
f. Relationship with struck off companies
The Company does not have any transactions with the companies struck off under section 248 of the Companies Act, 2013 or section 560 of the Companies Act, 1956 during the year ended March 31,2025 (Previous year: Nil).
g. Compliance with number of layers of companies
The Company has complied with the number of layers prescribed under clause (87) of section 2 of the Act read with the Companies (Restriction on number of Layers) Rules, 2017.
h. Compliance with approved Scheme(s) of Arrangements
The Company has not entered into any scheme of arrangement approved by the Competent Authority in terms of sections 230 to 237 of the Companies Act, 2013
i. Valuation of property, plant and equipment, right-of-use assets and intangible asset
The Company has not revalued its property, plant and equipment, right-of-use assets and intangible asset during the current or previous year.
j. Quarterly Returns or Statements of Current Assets Filed with Banks
Note 43 The Company has identified a financial irregularity involving falsified internal records, with an estimated exposure of ? 198.11 Lakhs. A First Information Report (FIR) was filed on March 3, 2025. The matter is currently under thorough investigation by the relevant law enforcement authorities. The Company is fully cooperating with the investigating agencies and will continue to provide timely and transparent disclosures to the stock exchange(s), in line with applicable regulatory requirements. The Company has lodged claim for fraud with insurance agency and is optimistic about a favourable claim settlement.
Note 44 : Utilisation of IPO proceeds
During the year ended March 31,2024, the Company had its Initial Public Offer ("IPO") of 1,00,00,000 equity shares of face value of ' 10/- each comprising of fresh issue at an issue price of ' 100/- per equity share. The equity shares of the Company are listed on BSE Limited ("BSE") and National Stock Exchange of India Limited ("NSE") on December 27, 2023.
The Company has Fund-based and Non-fund-based limits of Working Capital from Banks and Financial institutions. For the said facility, the revised submissions made by the Company to its lead bankers based on closure of books of accounts at the year end, the revised quarterly returns or statements comprising stock statements, book debt statements, credit monitoring arrangement reports, statements on ageing analysis of the debtors/other receivables, and other stipulated financial information filed by the Company with such banks or financial institutions are in agreement with the unaudited books of account of the Company of the respective quarters and no material discrepancies have been observed.
Note 45 : Events occurring after the reporting period
The Company evaluates events and transactions that occur subsequent to the balance sheet date but prior to the approval of financial statements to determine the necessity for recognition and/or reporting of subsequent events and transactions in the financial statements.
Note 46 : Regrouped, Recast, Reclassified
Material regroupings: Appropriate adjustments have been made in the statements of assets and liabilities, statement of profit and loss and cash flows, wherever required, by a reclassification of the corresponding items of income, expenses, assets, liabilities and cash flows in order to bring them in line with the groupings as per the financials of the Company as at March 31,2025.
In terms of our report attached For and on behalf of the Board of Directors of
RBZ Jewellers Limited
For Sorab S Engineer & Co. Rajendra K Zaveri Harit R Zaveri
Chartered Accountants Chairman/ Managing Director Chief Financial Officer/ Joint MD
Firm Registration No. 110417W DIN: 02022264 DIN: 02022111
CA. Chokshi Shreyas B. Heli A Garala
Partner Company Secretary
Membership No. 100892 Membership No. ACS 49256
Place: Ahmedabad Place: Ahmedabad
Date: May 12, 2025 Date: May 12, 2025
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