2.15 Provisions and contingent liabilities

Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that the Company will be required to settle the obligation, and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.

The amount recognised as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation. When a provision is measured using the cash flows estimated to settle the present obligation, its carrying amount is the present value of those cash flows (when the effect of the time value of money is material).

When some or all of economic benefits required to settle a provision are expected to be recovered from a third party, a receivable is recognised as on asset if it is virtually certain that reimbursements will be received and amount of the receivable can be measured reliably.

A disclosure for a contingent liability is made when there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that may, but probably will not, require an outflow of resources. When there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made.

2.16 Financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised when a Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments.

Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are recognised immediately in profit or loss.

2.16.1 Financial assets

All regular way purchases or sales of financial assets are recognised and derecognised on a trade date basis. Regular way purchases or sales are purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within the time frame established by regulation or convention in the marketplace.

All recognised financial assets are subsequently measured in their entirety at either amortised cost or fair value, depending on the classification of the financial assets

2.16.1.1 Classification of financial assets

Financial instruments that meet the following conditions are subsequently measured at amortised cost (except for debt instruments that are designated as at fair value through profit or loss on initial recognition):

a. the asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets in order to collect contractual cash flows; and

b. the contractual terms of the instrument give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding

Financial instruments that meet the following conditions are subsequently measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (except for debt instruments that are designated as at fair value through profit or loss on initial recognition):

a. the asset is held within a business model whose objective is achieved both by collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets; and

b. the contractual terms of the instrument give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

Interest income is recognised in profit or loss for instruments measured at Fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI). All other financial assets are subsequently measured at fair value.

2.16.1.2 Effective interest method

The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a debt instrument and of allocating interest income over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the debt instrument, or, where appropriate, a shorter period, to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.

Income is recognised on an effective interest basis for debt instruments other than those financial assets classified as at FVTPL. Interest income is recognised in profit or loss and is included in the "Other income" line item.

2.16.1.3 Investments in equity instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)

On initial recognition, the Company can make an irrevocable election (on an instrument-byinstrument basis) to present the subsequent changes in fair value in other comprehensive income pertaining to investments in equity instruments. This election is not permitted if the equity investment is held for trading. These elected investments are initially measured at fair value plus transaction costs. Subsequently, they are measured at fair value with gains and losses arising from changes in fair value recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in the 'Reserve for equity instruments through other comprehensive income'. The cumulative gain or loss is not reclassified to profit or loss on disposal of the investments.

A financial asset is held for trading if:

a. it has been acquired principally for the purpose of selling it in the near term; or

b. on initial recognition it is part of a portfolio of identified financial instruments that the Company manages together and has a recent actual pattern of short-term profit-taking; or

c. it is a derivative that is not designated and effective as a hedging instrument or a financial guarantee.

Dividends on these investments in equity instruments are recognised in profit or loss when the Company's right to receive the dividends is established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the entity, the dividend does not represent a recovery of part of cost of the investment and the amount of dividend can be measured reliably. Dividends recognised in profit or loss are included in the 'Other income' line item.

2.16.1.4 Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)

Investments in equity instruments are classified as at FVTPL, unless the Company irrevocably elects on initial recognition to present subsequent changes in fair value in other comprehensive income for investments in equity instruments which are not held for trading.

Debt instruments that meet the amortised cost criteria or the FVTOCI criteria but are designated as at FVTPL are measured at FVTPL.

A financial asset that meets the amortised cost criteria or debt instruments that meet the FVTOCI criteria may be designated as at FVTPL upon initial recognition if such designation eliminates or significantly reduces a measurement or recognition inconsistency that would arise from measuring assets or liabilities or recognising the gains and losses on them on different bases. The Company has not designated any debt instrument as at FVTPL/FVTOCI.

losses. To make that assessment, the Company compares the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument as at the reporting date with the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument as at the date of initial recognition and considers reasonable and supportable information, that is available without undue cost or effort, that is indicative of significant increases in credit risk since initial recognition.

For trade receivables or any contractual right to receive cash or another financial asset that result from transactions that are within the scope of Ind AS 115, the Company always measures the loss allowance at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit losses.

Further, for the purpose of measuring lifetime expected credit loss allowance for trade receivables, the Company has used a practical expedient as permitted under Ind AS 109. The Company follows simplified approach for recognition of impairment loss allowance on trade receivables. The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognises impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition.

The impairment requirements for the recognition and measurement of a loss allowance are equally applied to debt instruments at FVTOCI except that the loss allowance is recognised in other comprehensive income and is not reduced from the carrying amount in the balance sheet.

2.16.1.6 Derecognition of financial assets

The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or when it transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another party. If the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all the risks and rewards

of ownership and continues to control the transferred asset, the Company recognises its retained interest in the asset and an associated liability for amounts it may have to pay. If the Company retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of a transferred financial asset, the Company continues to recognise the financial asset and also recognises a collateralised borrowing for the proceeds received.

On derecognition of a financial asset in its entirety, the difference between the asset's carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received and receivable and the cumulative gain or loss that had been recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity is recognised in profit or loss if such gain or loss would have otherwise been recognised in profit or loss on disposal of that financial asset.

On derecognition of a financial asset other than in its entirety (e.g. when the Company retains an option to repurchase part of a transferred asset), the Company allocates the previous carrying amount of the financial asset between the part it continues to recognise under continuing involvement, and the part it no longer recognises on the basis of the relative fair values of those parts on the date of the transfer. The difference between the carrying amount allocated to the part that is no longer recognised and the sum of the consideration received for the part no longer recognised and any cumulative gain or loss allocated to it that had been recognised in other comprehensive income is recognised in profit or loss if such gain or loss would have otherwise been recognised in profit or loss on disposal of that financial asset. A cumulative gain or loss that had been recognised in other comprehensive income is allocated between the part that continues to be recognised and the part that is no longer recognised on the basis of the relative fair values of those parts.

The fair value of financial assets denominated in a foreign currency is determined in that foreign currency and translated at the spot rate at the end of each reporting period.

For foreign currency denominated financial assets measured at amortised cost and FVTPL, the exchange differences are recognised in profit or loss.

2.16.2 Financial liabilities

All financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method or at FVTPL.

2.16.2.1 Financial liabilities at fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL)

Financial liabilities are classified as at FVTPL when the financial liability is either contingent consideration recognised by the Company as an acquirer in a business combination to which Ind AS 103 applies or is held for trading or it is designated as at FVTPL.

A financial liability is classified as held for trading if:

a. it has been incurred principally for the purpose of repurchasing it in the near term; or

b. on initial recognition it is part of a portfolio of identified financial instruments that the Company manages together and has a recent actual pattern of short-term profit-taking; or

c. it is a derivative that is not designated and effective as a hedging instrument.

A financial liability other than a financial liability held for trading or contingent consideration recognised by the Company as an acquirer in a business combination to which Ind AS 103 applies, may be designated as at FVTPL upon initial recognition if:

a. such designation eliminates or significantly reduces a measurement or recognition inconsistency that would otherwise arise;

b. the financial liability forms part of group of financial assets or financial liabilities or both, which is managed and its performance is evaluated on a fair value basis, in accordance with the Company's documented risk management or investment strategy, and information about the grouping is provided internally on that basis; or

c. it forms part of a contract containing one or more embedded derivatives, and Ind AS 109 permits the entire combined contract to be designated as at FVTPL in accordance with Ind AS 109.

Financial liabilities at FVTPL are stated at fair value, with any gains or losses arising on remeasurement recognised in profit or loss. The net gain or loss recognised in profit or loss incorporates any interest paid on the financial liability and is included in the statement of profit and loss.

2.16.2.2Financial liabilities subsequently measured at amortised cost

Financial liabilities that are not held-for-trading and are not designated as at FVTPL are measured at amortised cost at the end of subsequent accounting periods. The carrying amounts of financial liabilities that are subsequently measured at amortised cost are determined based on the effective interest method. Interest expense that is not capitalised as part of costs of an asset is included in the 'Finance costs' line item.

The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a financial liability and of allocating interest expense over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part

of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial liability, or (where appropriate) a shorter period, to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.

2.16.2.3 Derecognition of financial liabilities

The Company derecognises financial liabilities when, and only when, the Company's obligations are discharged, cancelled or have expired. An exchange between with a lender of debt instruments with substantially different terms is accounted for as an extinguishment of the original financial liability and the recognition of a new financial liability. Similarly, a substantial modification of the terms of an existing financial liability (whether or not attributable to the financial difficulty of the debtor) is accounted for as an extinguishment of the original financial liability and the recognition of a new financial liability. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability derecognised and the consideration paid and payable is recognised in profit or loss.

2.16.3 Derivative financial instruments

The Company enters into a variety of derivative financial instruments to manage its exposure to foreign exchange rate risks and to manage its exposure to imported raw material price risk including foreign exchange forward contracts and commodities future contracts. Further details of derivative financial instruments are disclosed in note 37

Derivatives are initially recognised at fair value at the date the derivative contracts are entered into and are subsequently remeasured to their fair value at the end of each reporting period. The resulting gain or loss is recognised in profit or loss immediately unless the derivative is designated and effective as a hedging instrument, in which event the timing of the recognition in profit or loss depends on the nature of the hedging relationship and the nature of the hedged item.

Equity instrument are any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an equity after deducting all of its liabilities.

Debt or equity instruments issued by the Company are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangements and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument.

Ordinary shares are classified as equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issuance of new ordinary shares and share options are recognised as a deduction from equity, net of any tax effects.

The equity shares of the Company held by it through a trust are presented as deduction from total equity, until they are cancelled or sold.

M7 Earnings per share

Basic earnings per equity share are computed by dividing the net profit attributable to the equity holders of the Company by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per equity share is computed by dividing the net profit attributable to the equity holders of the Company by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per equity share and also the weighted average number of equity shares that could have been issued upon conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares. The dilutive potential equity shares are adjusted for the proceeds receivable had the equity shares been actually issued at fair value (i.e. the average market value of the outstanding equity shares). Dilutive potential equity shares are deemed converted as of the beginning of the period, unless issued at a later date. Dilutive potential equity shares are determined independently for each period presented.

M8 Assets held for sale

The Company classifies non current assets as held for sale if their carrying amounts will be recovered principally through a sale rather than through continuing use. Current assets classified as held for sale are measured at the lower

of their carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell. Costs to sell are the incremental costs directly attributable to the disposal of an asset, excluding finance costs and income tax expense.

The criteria for held for sale classification is regarded as met only when the sale is highly probable, and the asset is available for immediate sale in its present condition. Actions required to complete the sale/ distribution should indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the sale will be made or that the decision to sell will be withdrawn. Management must be committed to the sale and the sale expected within one year from the date of classification.

For these purposes, sale transactions include exchanges of non-current assets for other non-current assets when the exchange has commercial substance. The criteria for held for sale classification is regarded met only when the assets is available for immediate sale in its present condition, subject only to terms that are usual and customary for sales of such assets, its sale is highly probable; and it will genuinely be sold, not abandoned. The Company treats sale of the asset to be highly probable when:

• The appropriate level of management is committed to a plan to sell the asset,

• An active programme to locate a buyer and complete the plan has been initiated (if applicable),

• The sale is expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale within one year from the date of classification, and

• Actions required to complete the plan indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or that the plan will be withdrawn.

2.19 Significant accounting judgements, estimates and assumptions

In the application of the Company's accounting policies, which are described as stated above, the Board of Directors of the Company are required to make judgements, estimates and assumptions about the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that

are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods.

2.19.1 Key sources of uncertainty

In the application of the Company accounting policies, the management of the Company is required to make judgements, estimates and assumptions about the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods.

The following are the areas of estimation uncertainty and critical judgements that the management has made in the process of applying the Company's accounting policies and that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognised in the financial statements:

2.19.1.1 Defined benefit plans

The cost of the defined benefit plan and other post-employment benefits and the present value of such obligation are determined using actuarial valuations. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future, salary increases, mortality rates and future pension increases. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation

and its long-term nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date.

2.19.1.2 Useful lives of depreciable tangible assets and intangible assets

Management reviews the useful lives of depreciable/amortisable assets at each reporting date.

As at March 31, 2023 management assessed that the useful lives represent the expected utility of the assets to the Company.

2.19.1.3 Fair Value measurements and valuation processes

Some of the Company's assets and liabilities are measured at fair value for financial reporting purposes. The board of directors of the Company approves the fair values determined by the Chief Financial Officer of the Company including determining the appropriate valuation techniques and inputs for fair value measurements.

In estimating the fair value of an asset or liability, the Company uses market-observable data to the extent is available. Where Level 1 inputs are not available, the Company engages third party qualified valuers to perform the valuation. The Chief Financial Officer works closely with the qualified external valuers to establish appropriate valuation techniques and inputs to the model.

Information about the valuation techniques and inputs used in determining the fair value of various assets and liabilities are disclosed in notes 37

2.19.1.4 Contingent Liability

In ordinary course of business, the Company faces claims by various parties. The Company annually assesses such claims and monitors the legal environment on an ongoing basis, with the assistance of external legal counsel, wherever necessary. The Company records a

liability for any claims where a potential loss is probable and capable of being estimated and discloses such matters in its financial statements, if material. For potential losses that are considered possible, but not probable, the Company provides disclosures in the financial statements but does not record a liability in its financial statements unless the loss becomes probable.

2.19.1.5 Income Tax

The Company's tax jurisdiction is India. Significant judgements are involved in determining the provision for income taxes including judgement on whether tax positions are probable of being sustained in tax assessments. A tax assessment can involve complex issues, which can only be resolved over extended time periods.

2.19.1.6 Inventory

Management has carefully estimated the net realizable values of inventories, taking into account the most reliable evidence available at each reporting date. The future realization of these inventories may be affected by market driven changes.

2.19.1.7 Applicability of new and revised IND AS

Ministry of corporate affairs (MCA) notifies new standards or amendments to the existing standards under Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules as issued from time to time. MCA has not notified any new standards or amendment to the existing standards applicable to the company as at March 31, 2024.

In the current year, the Company has applied the below amendments to Ind ASs that are effective for an annual period that begins on or after 1 April 2023.

(i) The Company has adopted the amendments to Ind AS 1 - Presentation of Financial Statements for the first time in the current year. The amendments change the requirements in Ind AS 1 with regard to disclosure of accounting policies. The

amendments replace all instances of the term 'significant accounting policies' with 'material accounting policy information'. Accounting policy information is material if, when considered together with other information included in an entity's financial statements, it can reasonably be expected to influence decisions that the primary users of general purpose financial statements make on the basis of those financial statements.

The supporting paragraphs in Ind AS 1 are also amended to clarify that accounting policy information that relates to immaterial transactions, other events or conditions is immaterial and need not be disclosed. Accounting policy information may be material because of the nature of the related transactions, other events or conditions, even if the amounts are

immaterial. However, not all accounting policy information relating to material transactions, other events or conditions is itself material.

(ii) The Company has adopted the amendments to Ind AS 8 - Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors - Definition of Accounting Estimates for the first time in the current year. The amendments replace the definition of a change in accounting estimates with a definition of accounting estimates. Under the new definition, accounting estimates are "monetary amounts in financial statements that are subject to measurement uncertainty" The definition of a change in accounting estimates was deleted.

3A Property, plant and equipment and capital work-in-progress (Contd..)

Notes on property, plant and equipment

1 Refer to note 18 (a) for information on property, plant and equipment pledged as security by the Company.

2 Buildings includes H 2.48 Crores (March 31, 2023: H 2.48 Crores) cost of residential flats at Mandideep, the land cost of which has not been excluded from this cost. The depreciation for the year has been taken on the entire cost.

3 As per the amendment in Ind-AS 20 "Government Grants” w.e.f April 1, 2018, the Company has opted to present the grant related to assets as deduction from the carrying value of such specific assets. For financial year 2023-24 such amount deducted from Property, Plant and Equipment is H Nil (FY 22-23 H Nil).

4 The Company has availed benefit under Export Promotion Capital Goods (EPCG) scheme amounting to H 22.67 Crores (FY 2223 H 29.20 Crores) (related to non cenvatable portion of total duty saved) for financial year 2023-24, such benefit is related to Property, Plant and Equipment and Capital work in progress.

5 Borrowing cost capitalised during the year H Nil (March 31,2023 Nil).

6 Also refer Note 2.10 for option used by the Company to use carrying value of previous GAAP as deemed cost as on April 1,2015.

7 The title deeds of all immovable properties are held in the name of the Company. Where immovable properties are acquired by the Company consequent to acquisition / merger of companies, the title to the immovable properties of the transferror companies shall be deemed to have been mutated in the name of the Company as per the scheme of amalgamation approved by National Company Law Tribunal / Court.

16.1 Rights, preference and restriction attached to equity shares

The Company has one class of equity shares having a par value of H 2/- each. Each holder of equity shares is entitled to one vote per share. The dividend proposed by the Board of Directors is subject to the approval of the shareholders in the ensuing annual general meeting. In the event of liquidation of the Company, the holders of equity shares will be entitled to receive any of the remaining assets of the Company, after distribution of all preferential amounts. The distribution will be in proportion to the number of equity shares held by the shareholders.

16.2 Rights, preference and restriction attached to preference shares

The rate of dividend on preference shares will be decided by the Board of Directors as and when issued. Preferential shares as and when issued shall have the cumulative right to receive dividend as and when declared and shall have preferential right of repayment on amount of capital.

16.3 As per Employee Stock Options Scheme 2016, senior employees of the Company were offered 30,70,000 options having face value of H 2 (for details refer note 45). The vesting for due options began from financial year 2016-17 and NIL options/shares (NIL options/shares financial year 2022-23) vested during the financial year 2023-24. Out of these 47750 having face value of H 2 per share- shares/options (financial year 2022-23: 2,63,000 shares/options having face value of H 2) have been alloted during the year. Share options granted under Company's employee share option plan carry right to dividend and voting rights at par with other equity holders.

17 Other equity (Contd..)

c. Capital redemption reserve

Capital Redemption reserve is a statutory, non-distributable reserve into which amounts are transferred following the redemption or purchase of a Company's own shares.

d. Securities premium

Securities premium represents amount of premium recognised on issue of shares to shareholders at a price more than its face value.

e. Debenture redemption reserve

The Company has issued non convertible debentures in Financial Year 2017-18 and as per the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013, it was required to create debenture redemption reserve out of the profits available for payment of dividend.The company has discontinued creation of DRR as per MCA notification no.464 dated August 16, 2019. During the previous year company has transfered the amount of debenture redemption reserve to general reserve pursuant to redemption of debentures.

f. Share options outstanding account

Company has approved employee share option scheme under which equity shares of Company are alloted to eligible employees as per the terms and conditions contained in the scheme. The amount is recognised based on the value of equity-settled share-based payments.

g. General reserve

General reserve is used from time to time to transfer profits from retained earnings for appropriation purposes. As the general reserve is created by a transfer from one component of equity to another and is not an item of other comprehensive income, items included in the general reserve will not be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss.

h. Retained earnings

Retained earnings represents amount that can be distributed by the Company to its equity shareholders is determined based on the financial statements of the Company and also considering the requirements of the Companies Act 2013.

i. Equity instrument through other comprehensive income

Reserve for equity instruments through other comprehensive income represents the cumulative gains and losses arising on the revaluation of equity instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income, net of amount reclassified to retained earnings when those assets have been disposed off.

Level 1:

Quoted prices in the active market. This level of hierarchy includes financial assets that are measured by reference to quoted prices in the active market.

Level 2:

Valuation techniques with observable inputs. This level of hierarchy includes items measured using inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for such items, either directly or indirectly.

Level 3:

Valuation techniques with unobservable inputs. This level of hierarchy includes items measured using inputs that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs). Fair value determined in whole or in part, using a valuation model based on assumptions that are neither supported by prices from observable current market transactions in the same instruments nor based on available market data.

Sensitivity of Level 3 financial instruments are insignificant

The fair value of the financial instruments are determined at the amount that would be received to sell an asset in an orderly transaction between market participants. The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair values:

Investments in mutual funds: Fair value is determined by reference to quotes from the financial institutions, i.e. net asset value (NAV) for investments in mutual funds declared by mutual fund house.

Investment in preference shares/debentures: Fair value is determined by reference to quotes from fund houses/portfolio management services companies i.e value of investments.

Derivative contracts: The Company has entered into various foreign currency contracts to manage its exposure to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. These financial exposures are managed in accordance with the Company's risk management policies and procedures. Fair value of derivative financial instruments are determined using valuation techniques based on information derived from observable market data, i.e., mark to market values determined by the Authorised Dealers Banks.

Quoted equity investments: Fair value is derived from quoted market prices in active markets.

Unquoted equity investments: Fair value is derived on the basis of net asset value approach, in this approach the net asset value is used to capture the fair value of these investments.

The Company's corporate treasury functions provides services to the business, coordinates access to the financial markets, monitors and manages the financial risks relating to operations of the Company through internal risk reports which analyse exposure by degree and magnitude of risk. These risks include market risk (including currency risk, interest rate risk and other price risks, credit risk and liquidity risk).

The Company seeks to minimize the effects of these risk by using derivate financial instruments to hedge risk exposure. The issue of financial derivatives is governed by the Company's policy approved by the board of directors.

The principal financial assets of the Company include loans, trade and other receivables, and cash and bank balances that derive directly from its operations. The principal financial liabilities of the Company, include loans and borrowings, trade and other payables and the main purpose of these financial liabilities is to finance the day to day operations of the Company.

This note explains the risks which the Company is exposed to and policies and framework adopted by the Company to manage these risks.

37.3.1 Market Risk

Market risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market prices. Market prices comprise three types of risk: foreign currency risk, interest rate risk, investment risk.

A. Foreign Currency Risk Management

The Company operates internationally and business is transacted in several currencies. The export sales of Company comprise around 43%(2022-23 - 44%) of the total sales of the Company, Further the Company also imports certain assets and material from outside India. The exchange rate between the Indian rupee and foreign currencies has changed substantially in recent years and may fluctuate substantially in the future. Consequently, the Company is exposed to foreign currency risk and the results of the Company may be affected as the rupee appreciates/ depreciates against foreign currencies. Foreign exchange risk arises from the future probable transactions and recognized assets and liabilities denominated in a currency other than Company's functional currency.

The Company measures the risk through a forecast of highly probable foreign currency cash flows and manages its foreign currency risk by appropriately hedging the transactions. The Company uses a combination of derivative financial instruments such as foreign exchange forward and option contracts to mitigate the risk of changes in exchange rates on foreign currency exposures.

D. Commodity Price Risk Management

The Company uses commodity derivative instruments to manage its price risk exposures on inventory of cotton. Commodity derivatives are used primarily as risk mangement tool to safeguard price risk exposure on inventory of cotton. Company employs specific financial instruments namely future and option contracts for hedging its price risk related to commodity.

37.3.2 Credit Risk Management

Credit risk refers to the risk of default on its obligation by the counterparty resulting in a financial loss. The maximum exposure to the credit risk at the reporting date is primarily from trade receivables which are typically unsecured. Credit risk on cash and bank balances is limited as the Company generally invests in deposits with banks and financial institutions with high credit ratings assigned by credit rating agencies. Investments primarily include investment in liquid mutual fund units, bonds, fixed maturity plan etc. issued by institutions having proven track record. The Company's credit risk in case of all other financial instruments is negligible.

The Company assesses the credit risk based on external credit ratings assigned by credit rating agencies. The Company also assesses the creditworthiness of the customers internally to whom goods are sold on credit terms in the normal course of business. The credit limit of each customer is defined in accordance with this assessment. Outstanding customer receivables are regularly monitored and any shipments to overseas customers are generally covered by letters of credit.

The impairment analysis is performed on client to client basis for the debtors that are past due at the end of each reporting date. The Company has not considered an allowance for doubtful debts in case of trade receivables that are past due but there has not been a significant change in the credit quality and the amounts are still considered recoverable.

37.3.3 Liquidity Risk Management

The financial liabilities of the Company, other than derivatives, include loans and borrowings, trade and other payables. The Company's principal sources of liquidity are cash and cash equivalents and the cash flow that is generated from operations. The Company monitors its risk of shortage of funds to meet the financial liabilities using a liquidity planning tool. The Company plans to maintain sufficient cash and marketable securities to meet the obligations as and when fall due. The below is the detail of contractual maturities of the financial liabilities of the Company at the end of each reporting period:

38 Contingent Liabilities and Commitments (Contd..)

b. Liability on account of bank guarantees and letter of credit of H 200.14 crores (March 31,2023: H 226.47 crores)

c. The amounts shown above represents the best possible estimates arrived at on the basis of available information. The uncertainties and possible reimbursements are dependent on the outcome of the different legal processes which have been invoked by the Company or the claimants as the case may be and therefore cannot be predicted accurately or relate to a present obligations that arise from past events where it is either not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle or a reliable estimate cannot be made. The Company has been advised that it has strong legal positions against such disputes.

d. The Payment of Bonus (Amendment) Act 2015, notified on December 31, 2015, had revised the thresholds for coverage of employee eligible for Bonus and also enhanced the ceiling limits for computation of bonus retrospectively from April 1, 2014. Based on legal opinion, the Company has filed a writ petition in Hon'ble High Court of Punjab & Haryana contesting its retrospective applicability and the said jurisdictional High Court has granted stay on its retrospective operation. In view thereof, the Company has not provided differential bonus pertaining to the period from April 1, 2014 to March 31, 2015 amounting to H 8.21 crores. However, the Company has provided/paid bonus w.e.f. April 1, 2015 according to the amended provisions of the Payment of Bonus (Amendment) Act 2015.

47.2 Defined benefit plans

The Company sponsors funded defined benefit plan for qualifying employees.This defined benefit plan of gratuity is administered by a separate trust that is legally separate from the entity. The trustees are required by the law to act in the interest of the trust and all the relevant stakeholders i.e. active employees, inactive employees, retired employees and employers, etc. The trust is responsible for investment policy with regard to the assets of the trust. The Company has a gratuity plan wherein every employee is entitled to the benefit equivalent to 15 days salary last drawn for each completed year of service. Gratuity is payable to all eligible employees of the Company on retirement, separation, death or permanent disablement, in terms of the provisions of the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972 or as per the Company's plan, whichever is more beneficial.

(i) These plans typically expose the Company to actuarial risks such as investment risk, interest rate risk, longevity risk and salary risk.

Investment Risk

The probability or likelihood of occurrence of losses relative to the expected return on any particular investment.

Salary Risk

The present value of defined benefit plan is calculated with the assumption of salary increase rate of plan participants in future. Deviation in rate of increase in salary in future for plan participants from the rate of increase in salary used to determine the present value of obligation will have a bearing on the plan's liability.

Interest Risk

The plan exposes the Company to the risk of fall in interest rates. A fall in interest rates will result in an increase in the ultimate cost of providing the above benefit and will thus result in an increase in value of the liability.

Longevity Risk

The present value of defined benefit plan liability is calculated by reference to the best estimate of the mortality of plan participants both during and after employment. An increase in the life expectancy of the plan participants will increase the plans liability.

51 Other statutory information:

(i) No proceeding have been initiated or pending against the Company for holding any benami property under the Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Act, 1988 (45 of 1988).

(ii) The Company has not been declared as wilful defaulter by any bank or financial Institution or other lender.

(iii) The Company does not have any transactions with companies struck off under section 248 of the Companies Act, 2013 or section 560 of Companies Act, 1956.

(iv) There are no transactions which are not recorded in the books of accounts that has been surrendered or disclosed as income during the year in the tax assessments under the Income Tax Act, 1961 (such as, search or survey or any other relevant provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961).

(v) No funds have been advanced or loaned or invested (either from borrowed funds or share premium or any other sources or kind of funds) by the Company to or in any other person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities (""Intermediaries"") with the understanding (whether recorded in writing or otherwise) that the Intermediary shall lend or invest in party identified by or on behalf of the Company (Ultimate Beneficiaries).

(vi) No funds have been received by the Company from any person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities ("funding party") with the understanding, whether recorded in writing or otherwise, that the Company shall directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the funding party ("Ultimate beneficiaries") or provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.

(vii) During the financial year, the Company has not traded or invested in Crypto currency or Virtual Currency.

(viii) The Company does not have any charges or satisfaction which is yet to be registered with ROC beyond the statutory period.

(ix) The Company has availed facilities from banks on the basis of security of current assets. The revised returns or statements filed by the Company are in agreement with the books of accounts and there are no material discrepancies.

(x) The Board of Directors of Company have proposed the final dividend of H 4 per fully paid 28,91,74,800 equity shares. The proposed final dividend is subject to approval of the members at the ensuing Annual General Meeting. The amount of such dividend proposed is in accordance with section 123 of Companies Act, 2013.

Remarks for more than 25% change in ratios of FY 2023-24 as compared to FY 2022-23:

1. This ratio has decreased mainly on account of decrease in profits.

2. This ratio has increased due to increased purchase of raw material during the current year.

3. This ratio has increased due to mark to market gains because of changes in yield during the year.

53 The Code on Social Security 2020 has been notified in the Official Gazette on September 29, 2020. The effective date from which the changes are applicable is yet to be notified. Impact if any of the change will be assessed and accounted in the period in which said Code becomes effective.

For and on behalf of the Board of Directors

Sanjay Gupta Rajeev Thapar Suchita Jain S.P Oswal

Company Secretary Chief Financial Officer Vice Chairperson and Chairman and

Membership No:-4935 Joint Managing Director Managing Director

DIN:00746471 DIN: 00121737

Place : Ludhiana Date: May 09, 2024