2.7. Provisions and Contingent Liabilities
Provisions are recognised when there is a present obligation as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and there is a reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation.
Contingent liabilities are disclosed when there is a possible obligation arising from past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the company or a present obligation that arises from past events where it is either not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation or a reliable estimate of the amount cannot be made.
2.8. Revenue Recognition
Sale of goods: Sales are recognised when the significant risks and rewards of ownership in the goods are transferred to the buyer as per the terms of the contract and are recognised net of trade discounts, rebates, sales taxes and excise duties.
Sale of services: In contracts involving the rendering of services, revenue is measured using the proportionate completion method and is recognised net of taxes.
Dividend income is recognised when the right to receive dividend is established.
Revenue in respect of other types of income is recognised when no significant uncertainty exists regarding realisation of such income.
2.9. Taxes on Income
Tax expense for the period, comprising current tax and deferred tax, are included in the determination of the net profit or loss for the period. Current tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the taxation laws prevailing in the respective jurisdictions.
Deferred tax is recognised on timing differences, being the differences between the taxable income and the accounting income that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent periods. Deferred tax is measured using the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted as at the reporting date. Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all timing differences. Deferred tax assets are recognised for timing differences of items other than unabsorbed depreciation and carry forward losses only to the extent that reasonable certainty exists that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which these can be realised. However, if there is unabsorbed depreciation and carry forward of losses, deferred tax assets are recognised only if there is virtual certainty that there will be sufficient future taxable income available to realise the assets. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date for their realisability.
Current tax assets and current tax liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle the asset and the liability on a net basis. Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off assets against liabilities representing current tax and where the deferred tax assets and the deferred tax liabilities relate to taxes on income levied by the same governing taxation laws.
2.10. Cash and Cash Equivalents
In the cash flow statement, cash and cash equivalents include cash in hand, demand deposits with banks and other short-term highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less.
2.11. Borrowing Costs
Borrowing costs, if any, directly attributable to acquisition or construction of qualifying assets (i.e. those fixed assets which necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use) are capitalised. Other borrowing costs are recognised as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.
2.12. Segment Reporting
The Company operates under a single operating segment in accordance with Accounting Standard 17 - 'Segment Reporting' and hence, segment reporting is not applicable to the Company.
2.13. Prior Period Items, Exceptional and Extraordinary Items
The Company follows the practice of making adjustments through 'prior year adjustments' in respect of all material transactions pertaining to the period prior to the current accounting year. The prior period adjustments, if any, are shown by way of notes to financial statements.
Exceptional and Extra Ordinary Items, if any, are shown separately as per applicable accounting standards.
2.14. Earnings per Share
The Company reports basic and diluted Earnings per Share (EPS) in accordance with Accounting Standard 20.
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