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Suraksha Diagnostic Ltd. Notes to Accounts
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You can view the entire text of Notes to accounts of the company for the latest year
Market Cap. (Rs.) 1470.76 Cr. P/BV 6.96 Book Value (Rs.) 40.56
52 Week High/Low (Rs.) 446/231 FV/ML 2/1 P/E(X) 46.22
Bookclosure EPS (Rs.) 6.11 Div Yield (%) 0.00
Year End :2025-03 

(l) Provisions, Contingent liabilities and Contingent Assets

Provisions are recognised only when there is a
present obligation, as a result of past events, and
when a reliable estimate of the amount of obligation
can be made at the reporting date. These estimates
are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted
to reflect the current best estimates. Provisions are
discounted to their present values, where the time
value of money is material.

A disclosure for a contingent liability is made when
there is a possible obligation or a present obligation
that probability will not require an outflow of resources
or where a reliable estimate of the obligation cannot
be made. Contingent assets are neither recorded nor
disclosed in the standalone financial statements.

(m) Revenue from contract with customers

The Company's revenue is primarily generated from
the business of diagnostic services comprises of

amount billed (net of discounts) in respect of tests
conducted. The Company recognises revenue when
the amount of revenue can be reliably measured, it is
probable that future economic benefits will flow to the
entity and when the underlying tests are conducted,
samples are processed and test report is generated
for requisitioned diagnostic tests.

Revenue is measured based on the consideration
specified in a contract with a customer. Revenue
is recognised at a point in time when the Company
satisfies performance obligations by transferring
the promised services to its customers. Generally,
each test represents a separate performance
obligation for which revenue is recognised when the
test report is generated i.e. when the performance
obligation is satisfied.

Revenue towards satisfaction of performance
obligation is measured at the amount of transaction
price (net of variable consideration) allocated to that
performance obligation. The transaction price of
services rendered is net of variable consideration
on account of discounts and schemes offered to the
customers by the Company.

For allocating the transaction price, the Company has
measured the revenue in respect of each performance
obligation of a contract at its relative standalone selling
price net of discounts. The price that is regularly
charged for a test when registered separately is the
best evidence of its standalone selling price.

A contract liability is the obligation to transfer services
to a customer for which the Company has received
consideration from the customer. If a customer pays
consideration before the Company transfer services
to the customer, a contract liability is recognised
when the payment is made. Contract liabilities are
recognised as revenue when the Company performs
under the contract. Invoicing in excess of revenues are
classified as contract liabilities.

Cost of obtaining the contract - Practical exemptions

The Company expenses the incremental costs of
obtaining a contract since the amortisation period of
the asset is one year or less.

Other Income

Interest Income from Bank Deposits

Interest income is accrued on a time proportion basis
by reference to the principal outstanding and the
effective interest rate.

Other items of income are accounted as and when
the right to receive arises and it is probable that the
economic benefits will flow to the Company and the
amount of income can be measured reliably.

(n) Earning per Share

Basic earnings per share (EPS) is calculated by dividing
the net profit or loss attributable to equity holders of the
company (after deducting preference dividends and
attributable taxes) by the weighted average number of
equity shares outstanding during the period.

The weighted average number of shares classified as
equity in nature outstanding is adjusted for events such
as bonus issue, bonus element in a rights issue, share
split, and reverse share split (consolidation of shares) that
have changed the number of equity shares outstanding,
without a corresponding change in resources.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per
share, the net profit or loss for the period attributable
to equity shareholders of the Company and the
weighted average number of shares outstanding
during the period are adjusted for the effects of all
dilutive potential equity shares.

(i) Short-term employee benefits

Liabilities for wages and salaries, including
non-monetary benefits that are expected to be
settled wholly within 12 months after the end
of the year in which the employees render the
related service are recognised in respect of
employees' services up to the end of the year
and are measured at the amounts expected
to be paid when the liabilities are settled. The
liabilities are presented as current employee
benefit obligations in the balance sheet.

(ii) Other long-term employee benefit obligations

Liabilities recognised in respect of other long¬
term employee benefits are measured at the
present value of the estimated future cash
outflows expected to be made by the Company
in respect of services provided by employees up
to the reporting date.

Defined contribution plans

A defined contribution plan is a post-employment
benefit plan where the Company's legal or
constructive obligation is limited to the amount
that it contributes to a separate legal entity. The
Company makes specified monthly contributions
towards Government administered provident
fund scheme and Employees' State Insurance

(‘ESI') scheme. Obligations for contributions to
defined contribution plans are expensed as
an employee benefits expense in statement of
profit and loss in the period in which the related
services are rendered by employees.

Defined Benefit Plans

A defined benefit plan is a post-employment
benefit plan other than a defined contribution
plan. The Company's net obligation in respect
of defined benefit plans is calculated separately
for each plan by estimating the amount of
future benefits that employees have earned in
the current and prior periods, discounting that
amount and deducting the fair value of any
plan assets. The defined benefit obligation is
calculated annually by a qualified actuary using
the projected unit credit method.

(o) Employee benefits

Remeasurements of the net defined benefit liability,
which comprise actuarial gains and losses, the return
on plan assets (excluding interest) and the effect of the
asset ceiling (if any, excluding interest), are recognised
immediately in OCI. They are included in retained
earnings in the statement of changes in equity and in
the balance sheet. The Company determines the net
interest expense (income) on the net defined benefit
liability (asset) for the period by applying the discount
rate determined by reference to market yields at the
end of the reporting period on government bonds.
This rate is applied on the net defined benefit liability
(asset), both as determined at the start of the annual
reporting period, taking into account any changes in
the net defined benefit liability (asset) during the period
as a result of contributions and benefit payments.
Net interest expense and other expenses related
to defined benefit plans are recognised in profit or
loss. Changes in the present value of the defined
benefit obligation resulting from plan amendments or
curtailments are recognised immediately in profit or
loss as past service cost.

Compensated Absences

Accumulated compensated absences are unused
leaves which can be encashed only on discontinuation
of service by employee. The obligation towards
the same is measured at the expected cost of
accumulating compensated absences as the additional
amount expected to be paid as a result of the unused
entitlement as at the year end. The liabilities of earned
leaves which are not expected to be settled within
12 months after the end of the year in which the

employee render the related service, are measured at
the present value of expected future payments to be
made in respect of services provided by employees up
to the end of the reporting period using the projected
unit cost method based on actuarial valuations.
Actuarial gains/ losses are recognised in profit or loss.

(p) Taxes

Income-tax expenses comprises current and deferred
tax. It is recognised in profit or loss except to the
extent that it relates to an item recognised directly in
equity or in other comprehensive income.

Current Income Tax

Current tax comprises the expected tax payable or
receivable on the taxable income or loss for the year
and any adjustment to the tax payable or receivable in
respect of previous years. The amount of current tax
reflects the best estimate of the tax amount expected
to be paid or received after considering the uncertainty,
if any, related to income taxes. It is measured using tax
rates (and tax laws) enacted or substantively enacted
at the reporting date.

Tax assets and liabilities are offset only if there is a
legally enforceable right to set off the recognised
amounts, and it is intended to realise the asset and
settle the liability on a net basis or simultaneously.

Deferred Income Tax

Deferred tax is recognised in respect of temporary
differences between the carrying amounts of assets
and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the
corresponding amounts used for taxation purposes.
Deferred tax is not recognised for temporary
differences arising on the initial recognition of assets
or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business
combination and that affects neither accounting nor
taxable profit or loss at the time of the transaction.

Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent
that it is probable that future taxable profits will
be available against which they can be used. The
existence of unused tax losses is strong evidence that
future taxable profit may not be available. Therefore,
in case of a history of recent losses, the Company
recognises a deferred tax asset only to the extent
that it has sufficient taxable temporary differences
or there is convincing other evidence that sufficient
taxable profit will be available against which such
deferred tax asset can be realised. Deferred tax
assets - unrecognised or recognised, are reviewed
at each reporting date and are recognised/ reduced

to the extent that it is probable/ no longer probable
respectively that the related tax benefit will be realised.
Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are
expected to apply to the period when the asset is
realised or the liability is settled, based on the laws
that have been enacted or substantively enacted by
the reporting date.

The measurement of deferred tax reflects the tax
consequences that would follow from the manner in
which the Company expects, at the reporting date,
to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets
and liabilities.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if there is a
legally enforceable right to offset current tax liabilities
and assets, and they relate to income taxes levied by
the same tax authority on the same taxable entity, or on
different tax entities, but they intend to settle current
tax liabilities and assets on a net basis or their tax
assets and liabilities will be realised simultaneously.

(q) Borrowing Costs

Borrowing costs comprise interest cost on borrowings,
lease liabilities and amortization of initial costs incurred
in connection with the arrangement of borrowings.
Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the
acquisition, construction or production of an asset that
takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its
intended use are capitalized. All other borrowing costs
are recognised as expenditure in the period in which
they are incurred.

(r) Segment Reporting

The Company identifies segment basis of the
internal organisation and management structure.
The operating segments are the segments for which
separate financial information is available and for
which operating profit/loss amounts are regularly
reviewed by the CODM (‘chief operating decision
maker'). The accounting policies adopted for segment
reporting are in line with the accounting policies of the
Company. The business of the Company falls within
a single line of business i.e. business of diagnostic
services. All other activities of the Company revolve
around its main business. Hence no separate
reportable primary segment.

3. Critical accounting estimates and assumptions

The key assumptions concerning the future and other key
sources of estimation uncertainty at the year end date, that
have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to
the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the

next financial year, are described below. The Company
based its assumptions and estimates on parameters
available when the standalone financial statements were
prepared. Existing circumstances and assumptions about
future developments, however, may change due to market
changes or circumstances arising that are beyond the
control of the Company. Such changes are reflected in the
assumptions when they occur.

(a) Useful lives of property, plant and equipment and
intangible assets

As described in the material accounting policies,
the Company reviews the estimated useful lives of
property, plant and equipment and intangible assets
at the end of each reporting period. Useful lives
of intangible assets is determined on the basis of
estimated benefits to be derived from use of such
intangible assets. These reassessments may result in
change in the depreciation /amortization expense in
future periods.

(b) Actuarial Valuation

The determination of Company's liability towards
defined benefit obligation to employees is made
through independent actuarial valuation including
determination of amounts to be recognised in
the Statement of Profit and Loss and in Other
Comprehensive Income. Such valuation depend upon
assumptions determined after taking into account
discount rate, salary growth rate, expected rate of
return, mortality and attrition rate. Information about
such valuation is provided in notes to the standalone
financial statements.

(c) Impairment of non-financial assets

In assessing impairment, management estimates the
recoverable amount of each asset or cash-generating
units based on expected future cash flows and uses an
interest rate to discount them. Estimation uncertainty

relates to assumptions about future operating results
and the determination of a suitable discount rate.

(d) Contingencies

Management judgement is required for estimating
the possible outflow of resources, if any, in respect of
contingencies/ claim/ litigation against Company as
it is not possible to predict the outcome of pending
matters with accuracy.

(e) Provisions

Provisions are recognised in the period when it
becomes probable that there will be a future outflow of
funds resulting from past operations or events that can
reasonably be estimated. The timing of recognition
requires application of judgement to existing facts
and circumstances which may be subject to change.
The litigations and claims to which the Company is
exposed are assessed by management and in certain
cases with the support of external specialised lawyers.

(f) Income taxes

Management judgment is required for the calculation of
provision for income taxes and deferred tax assets and
liabilities. The Company reviews at each balance sheet
date the carrying amount of deferred tax assets. The
factors used in estimates may differ from actual outcome
which could lead to significant adjustment to the amounts
reported in the standalone financial statements.

(g) Leases

The Company evaluates if an arrangement qualifies
to be a lease as per the requirements of Ind AS 116.
Identification of a lease requires significant judgement.
The Company uses significant judgement in assessing
the lease term (including anticipated renewals) and the
applicable discount rate. The Company determines the
lease term as the non cancellable period of a lease,

together with both periods covered by an option to
extend the lease if the Company is reasonably certain to
exercise that option; and periods covered by an option
to terminate the lease if the Company is reasonably
certain not to exercise that option. In assessing whether
the Company is reasonably certain to exercise an
option to extend a lease, or not to exercise an option
to terminate a lease, it considers all relevant facts and
circumstances that create an economic incentive for the
Company to exercise the option to extend the lease, or
not to exercise the option to terminate the lease. The
Company revises the lease term if there is a change in
the non-cancellable period of a lease. The discount rate
is generally based on the incremental borrowing rate
specific to the lease being evaluated or for a portfolio of
leases with similar characteristics.

4. Recent pronouncements

Ministry of Corporate Affairs (“MCA") notifies new standards
oramendments to the existing standards under Companies
(Indian Accounting Standards) Rules as issued from time to
time. During the year ended 31 March 2025, MCA has notified
Ind AS 117 - Insurance Contracts and amendments to Ind As
116 - Leases, relating to sale and lease back transactions,
applicable from 01 April 2024. The Company has assessed
that there is no significant impact on its financial statements.

Further, the Ministry of Corporate Affairs had notified
Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment

Rules, 2025 dated 07 May 2025, to amend the following
Ind AS which are effective for annual periods beginning
on or after 01 April 2025, hence, the Company is currently
assessing the probable impact of these amendments on its
financial statements.

(a) Amendments to Ind AS 1 - disclosure of

accounting policies

The amendments aim to clarify the below:

(a) An entity's right to defer settlement of a liability
for at least twelve months after the reporting
period must have substance and must exist at
the end of the reporting period;

(b) If an entity's right to defer settlement of a
liability is subject to covenants, such covenants
affect whether that right exists at the end of the
reporting period only if the entity is required to
comply with the covenant on or before the end
of the reporting period;

(c) The classification of a liability as current or non¬
current is unaffected by the likelihood that the
entity will exercise its right to defer settlement;

(d) In case of a liability that can be settled, at the
option of the counterparty, by the transfer of the
entity's own equity instruments,such settlement.

(b) There is no project as capital works in progress as at 31 March 2025 and 31 March 2024, whose completion is overdue or cost of
which has exceeded its cost compared to original plan or which has been temporarily suspended.

7. Right to use & Lease liabilities

The Company has leasing arrangements for a number of properties in the jurisdictions from which it operates. In some jurisdictions
it is customary for lease contracts to provide for payments to increase each year by inflation and in others to be reset periodically
to market rental rates. In some jurisdictions, for property leases the periodic rent is fixed over the lease term. These leases have
terms ranging from two to nine years.

The Company also has leasing arrangements for certain items of plant and equipment (Medical equipments). Leases of plant and
equipment have in substance fixed and variable payments.

The Company also has entered into certain leases of equipment with lease term up to 12 months and certain leases of office
equipment of low value. The Company applies the recognition exemptions relating to short-term leases and lease of low-value
assets for these leases.

The weighted average incremental borrowing rate applied to lease added during the period is 10.05% for premises and
medical equipments.

(B) Rights, preferences and restrictions attached:

Equity Shares

The Company has only one class of equity share having face value of H 2/- each. Each equity shareholder is entitled to one vote per
share held. The Company declares and pays dividends in Indian rupees. The dividend proposed by the Board of Directors is subject
to the approval of the shareholders In the General Meeting. The above shareholding represent the legal ownership of shares.
In the event of liquidation of the Company, the equity shareholders shall be entitled to receive remaining assets of the Company,
after distribution of all preferential amounts. The distribution will be in proportion to the number of equity shares held by the
shareholders. Equity Shares held by OrbiMed Asia II Mauritius Limited (surviving entity pursuant to amalgamation of Orbimed Asia
II Mauritius FDI Investment Limited) in the Company carry certain protective rights under the terms of the Shareholders Agreement.

(*) The management of the Company is in the process of transferring these shares to the legal heir(s) of Late Mr. Kishan Kumar Kejriwal, post his demise on
05 November 2023.

(E) The company in the current financial year has allotted 86,24,997 equity shares of H 2/- each in proportion of 1 bonus equity shares
of face value of H 2/- each for every four equity share of H 2/- each. There are no shares bought back during the period of five years
immediately preceding the reporting date.

(F) During the year ended 31 March 2025, the Company has completed an Initial Public Offering entirely as offer for sale of 1,91,89,330
equity shares by existing share holders with face value of H 2/- and listed on both National Stock exchange (NSE) and Bombay
Stock Exchange (BSE) on 06 December 2024.

Notes:

22.1 Details of rate of interest, repayment and securities with respect to term loans for Medical Equipment's

Term loans from banks are repayable in 48-84 equated monthly installments and carry an interest rate of 6.90% - 10.05% per annum
(31 March 2024: 6.90% - 9.80% per annum). These loans are secured by exclusive charge on medical equipments purchased out
of the respective loans and personal guarantee of directors.

22.2 Details of rate of interest, repayment and securities with respect to working capital term loan under Emergency Credit Line
Guarantee Scheme (ECLGS)

The aforesaid working capital term loan under Emergency Credit Line Guarantee Scheme (ECLGS) was secured and guaranteed
by National credit guarantee trustee company limited (NCGTC). It has been repaid in full in the current year.

22.3 Details of rate of interest, repayment and securities with respect to car loans from bank

The aforesaid term loans are secured against the hypothecation over vehicle's against which such loans have been taken. Such
loans are repayable in equal monthly instalment over a period of 35 months along with interest in the range of 7.10% to 8.50% per
annum (31 March 2024: 7.10% to 8.30% per annum).

22.4 Details of rate of interest, repayment and securities with respect to car loan from financial institution

The aforesaid term loan are secured against the hypothecation over vehicle's against which such loans have been taken. Such
loans are repayable in equal monthly instalment over a period of 25 months along with interest in the range of 8.28% per annum.

(a) The Company had given an earnest money deposit by way of bank guarantee of H 150.00 lakhs to Bihar State Heath Society in
2014-15 which had been encashed by the other party on grounds of non-compliance of the term of agreement. The Company
has filled writ petition before the Patna High Court.The Patna High Court pursuent to the order dated 09 August 2024 ordered in
favour of Suraksha Diagnostic Limited and directed to refund the amount of Bank Guatee along with 9% simple interest from the
date of encashment. Further the company has received the refund of earnest money deposit in full as on 30 April 2025.

40. Employee benefits
(A) Defined contribution plans

The Company makes contributions, determined as a specified percentage of employees salaries, in respect of qualifying
employees towards provident fund, which is a defined contribution plan. The Company has no further obligations towards
specified contributions. The contributions are charged to the statement of profit and loss as and when they accrue.

(B) Defined benefit plans
I. Gratuity:

The Company provides Gratuity for employees in India as per the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972. All employees are entitled to
gratuity benefits on exit from service due to retirement, resignation or death. There is a vesting period of 5 years on exits due
to retirement or resignation. This defined benefit plans expose the Company to actuarial risks, such as longevity risk, interest
rate risk and market (investment) risk. The present value of the defined benefit obligation and the relevant current service cost
are measured using the Projected Unit Credit Method, with actuarial valuations being carried out at each Balance sheet date.
The gratuity benefit is provided through a Gratuity Fund administered and managed by the Life Insurance Corporation of India.
The annual contributions are charged to Statement of profit and loss.

The weighted average duration of defined benefit obligation is 13 years (31 March 2024: 13 years)

Gratuity is a defined benefit plan and entity is exposed to the Following Risks:

(i) Interest rate risk: The plan exposes the Company to the risk of fall in interest rates. A fall in interest rates will result in
an increase in the ultimate cost of providing the above benefit and will thus result in an increase in the value of the
liability (as shown in financial statements).

(ii) Salary Risk: The present value of the defined benefit plan is calculated with the assumption of salary increase rate
of plan participants in future. Deviation in the rate of increase of salary in future for plan participants from the rate of
increase in salary used to determine the present value of oblgation will have a bearing on the plan's liabilty.

(iii) Liquidity Risk: This is the risk that the Company is not able to meet the short-term gratuity payouts. This may arise due to
non-availabilty of enough cash / cash equivalent to meet the liabilities or holding of illiquid assets not being sold in time.

(iv) Demographic Risk: The Company has used certain mortality and attrition assumptions in valuation of the liability. The
Company is exposed to the risk of actual experience turning out to be worse compared to the assumption.

(v) Regulatory Risk: : Gratuity benefit is paid in accordance with the requirements of the Payment of Gratuity Act , 1972 (as
amended from time to time). There is a risk of change in regulations requiring higher gratuity payouts (e.g. Increase in
the maximum limit on gratuity of H 20,00,000).

II. Compensated absences:

The provision for compensated absences (Privilege Leave) as at the year end 31 March 2025 is H 61.61 lakhs (31 March 2024:
H 42.55 lakhs). The provision for compensated absences (Sick leave) as at the year end 31 March 2025 is H 24.27 lakhs (31 March
2024: H 17.29 lakhs).

Notes:

i) All transactions with these related parties are at arm's length basis and resulting outstanding receivables and payables
including financial assets and financial liabilities balances are settled in cash. None of the balances are secured.

ii) Related parties have been identified by the management and relied upon by the auditors.

iii) The remuneration to key managerial personnel does not include provision for gratuity and leave encashment, as they are
determined for the Company as a whole.

42. Segment information

The Company is engaged solely in the business of diagnostic centers for carrying out various pathology and radiology services.
The entire operations are governed by the same set of risks and returns and hence is considered as representing a single business
segment. As the Company operates in a single primary business segment, no separate segment information has been disclosed.

The Board of Directors of the Company, which has been identified as being the chief operating decision maker (CODM), evaluates the
Company's performance, allocates resources based on the analysis of the various performance indicators of the Company as a single
unit. Therefore there is no reportable segment for the Company, in accordance with the requirements of Indian Accounting Standard
108- ‘Operating Segments', notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standard) Rules, 2015. The Board regularly reviews the
performance reports and make decisions about allocation of resources.

(a) Information about geographical areas

The Company is domiciled in India and has revenue only from India. The Company operates within India and therefore there are
no assets or liabilities outside India.

(b) Information about major customers

No single customer contributed more than 10% or more to the Company's revenue during the year ended 31 March 2025.

C. The Sales of Diagnostic Services includes the revenue from the Covid Tests and its vaccination for an amount of H 6.64 Lakhs and
H 39.41 Lakhs for the year ended 31 March 2025 and 31 March 2024.

44. Share - based Payments

The Holding Company instituted the Suraksha Employee Stock Option Scheme 2024 (“the Scheme" or “ESOP 2024") which were
approved by the Nomination and Remuneration Committee (“the NRC") of the Company. In accordance to the scheme the holding
company has granted 2,08,164 options to the employees of the company . The Plan enables grant of stock options to the eligible
employees of the Company. The options granted under the Plan have a maximum vesting period of 4 years. The cost of options granted
to the employees of the Company are recorded in accordance with Ind AS 102 Share-based payments.

45. Fair value measurements (Contd..)

(B) Fair value hierarchy

The following is the hierarchy for determining and disclosing the fair value of financial instruments by valuation technique:
Inputs used in determining fair value measurements are categorised into different levels based on how observable the inputs used
in the valuation technique utilised are (the ‘fair value hierarchy'):"

• Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical items (unadjusted)

• Level 2 - Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly
(i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).

• Level 3 - Unobservable inputs (i.e. not derived from market data).

Fair value of Financial Assets and Liabilities measured at amortized cost:

The fair value of other current financial assets, cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables, other financial assets, trade payables
and other financial liabilities approximate the carrying amounts because of the short-term nature of these financial instruments.

The amortized cost using effective interest rate (EIR) of non-current financial assets consisting of security deposits are not
significantly different from the carrying amount.

46. Financial risk management

The Company's financial risk management is an integral part of how to plan and execute its business strategies. The Company's
financial risk management policy is set by the Managing Board. These risks are categorised into Market risk, Credit risk and
Liquidity risk.

(A) Market risk

Market risk is the risk of loss of future earnings, fair values or future cash flows that may result from a change in the price of a
financial instrument. The value of a financial instrument may change as a result of changes in the interest rates, foreign currency
exchange rates, and other market changes that affect market risk sensitive instruments. Market risk is attributable to all market risk
sensitive financial instruments including foreign currency receivables, payables and loans and borrowings.

(i) Interest rate risk

Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes
in market interest rates. The Company's exposure to the risk of changes in market interest rates relates primarily to the
Company's borrowings with floating interest rates.

Interest rate sensitivity

The following table demonstrates the sensitivity to a reasonably possible change in interest rates on variable borrowings.
With all other variables held constant, the Company's profit before tax is affected through the impact on floating rate
borrowings, as follows:

46. Financial risk management (Contd..)

(B) Credit risk

Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the Company if a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet its
contractual obligations. The Company's maximum exposure to credit risk for the components of the balance sheet at 31 March
2025 is the carrying amounts of financial assets as per note 45. The objective of managing counterparty credit risk is to prevent
losses in financial assets. The Company assesses the credit quality of the counterparties, taking into account their financial
position, past experience and other factors.

Trade receivables :

The Company applies the Ind AS 109 simplified approach for measuring expected credit losses which uses a lifetime expected
loss allowance (ECL) for trade receivables. The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes
in credit risk. Rather, it recognises impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its
initial recognition.

To measure the expected credit losses, trade receivables have been grouped based on shared credit risk characteristics and the
days past due. The Company's trade receivable are generally having credit period from 30 to 60 days and historically, majority of
trade receivables are recovered subsequently.

The Company uses a provision matrix to measure the ECLs of trade receivables. The provision matrix is initially based on the
Company's historical observed default rates. Based on evaluation carried out and to the best estimate of management, historical
loss sufficiently covers expected loss as well as future contingencies and adjustment for forward looking factors are not considered
significant, hence no adjustment for forward looking factors is carried.

Computation of Allowance for impairment losses:

ECL is computed based on the trade receivable as at reporting period by applying the bucket wise lifetime loss rate (PDs)
determined for each reporting period.

Other financial assets:

Balances with banks are considered to have negligible risk or nil risk, as they are maintained with high rated banks / financial
institutions as approved by the Board of directors. Other financial assets mainly includes deposit given. Based on assessment
carried by the Company, entire receivable under this category is classified as "Stage 1". There is no history of loss and credit risk
and the amount of provision for expected credit losses on other financial assets is negligible.

(ii) Foreign currency risk

Foreign currency risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because
of changes in foreign exchange rates. The Company's exposure to the risk of changes in foreign exchange rates relates
primarily to the Company's operating activities (when revenue or expense is denominated in a different currency from the
Company's functional currency).

The Group Company's exposure to the risk of change in foreign exchange rates is Nil as on 31 March 2025.


 
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