(l) Provisions, Contingent liabilities and Contingent Assets
Provisions are recognised only when there is a present obligation, as a result of past events, and when a reliable estimate of the amount of obligation can be made at the reporting date. These estimates are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates. Provisions are discounted to their present values, where the time value of money is material.
A disclosure for a contingent liability is made when there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that probability will not require an outflow of resources or where a reliable estimate of the obligation cannot be made. Contingent assets are neither recorded nor disclosed in the standalone financial statements.
(m) Revenue from contract with customers
The Company's revenue is primarily generated from the business of diagnostic services comprises of
amount billed (net of discounts) in respect of tests conducted. The Company recognises revenue when the amount of revenue can be reliably measured, it is probable that future economic benefits will flow to the entity and when the underlying tests are conducted, samples are processed and test report is generated for requisitioned diagnostic tests.
Revenue is measured based on the consideration specified in a contract with a customer. Revenue is recognised at a point in time when the Company satisfies performance obligations by transferring the promised services to its customers. Generally, each test represents a separate performance obligation for which revenue is recognised when the test report is generated i.e. when the performance obligation is satisfied.
Revenue towards satisfaction of performance obligation is measured at the amount of transaction price (net of variable consideration) allocated to that performance obligation. The transaction price of services rendered is net of variable consideration on account of discounts and schemes offered to the customers by the Company.
For allocating the transaction price, the Company has measured the revenue in respect of each performance obligation of a contract at its relative standalone selling price net of discounts. The price that is regularly charged for a test when registered separately is the best evidence of its standalone selling price.
A contract liability is the obligation to transfer services to a customer for which the Company has received consideration from the customer. If a customer pays consideration before the Company transfer services to the customer, a contract liability is recognised when the payment is made. Contract liabilities are recognised as revenue when the Company performs under the contract. Invoicing in excess of revenues are classified as contract liabilities.
Cost of obtaining the contract - Practical exemptions
The Company expenses the incremental costs of obtaining a contract since the amortisation period of the asset is one year or less.
Other Income
Interest Income from Bank Deposits
Interest income is accrued on a time proportion basis by reference to the principal outstanding and the effective interest rate.
Other items of income are accounted as and when the right to receive arises and it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the amount of income can be measured reliably.
(n) Earning per Share
Basic earnings per share (EPS) is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss attributable to equity holders of the company (after deducting preference dividends and attributable taxes) by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period.
The weighted average number of shares classified as equity in nature outstanding is adjusted for events such as bonus issue, bonus element in a rights issue, share split, and reverse share split (consolidation of shares) that have changed the number of equity shares outstanding, without a corresponding change in resources.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders of the Company and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
(i) Short-term employee benefits
Liabilities for wages and salaries, including non-monetary benefits that are expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the year in which the employees render the related service are recognised in respect of employees' services up to the end of the year and are measured at the amounts expected to be paid when the liabilities are settled. The liabilities are presented as current employee benefit obligations in the balance sheet.
(ii) Other long-term employee benefit obligations
Liabilities recognised in respect of other long¬ term employee benefits are measured at the present value of the estimated future cash outflows expected to be made by the Company in respect of services provided by employees up to the reporting date.
Defined contribution plans
A defined contribution plan is a post-employment benefit plan where the Company's legal or constructive obligation is limited to the amount that it contributes to a separate legal entity. The Company makes specified monthly contributions towards Government administered provident fund scheme and Employees' State Insurance
(‘ESI') scheme. Obligations for contributions to defined contribution plans are expensed as an employee benefits expense in statement of profit and loss in the period in which the related services are rendered by employees.
Defined Benefit Plans
A defined benefit plan is a post-employment benefit plan other than a defined contribution plan. The Company's net obligation in respect of defined benefit plans is calculated separately for each plan by estimating the amount of future benefits that employees have earned in the current and prior periods, discounting that amount and deducting the fair value of any plan assets. The defined benefit obligation is calculated annually by a qualified actuary using the projected unit credit method.
(o) Employee benefits
Remeasurements of the net defined benefit liability, which comprise actuarial gains and losses, the return on plan assets (excluding interest) and the effect of the asset ceiling (if any, excluding interest), are recognised immediately in OCI. They are included in retained earnings in the statement of changes in equity and in the balance sheet. The Company determines the net interest expense (income) on the net defined benefit liability (asset) for the period by applying the discount rate determined by reference to market yields at the end of the reporting period on government bonds. This rate is applied on the net defined benefit liability (asset), both as determined at the start of the annual reporting period, taking into account any changes in the net defined benefit liability (asset) during the period as a result of contributions and benefit payments. Net interest expense and other expenses related to defined benefit plans are recognised in profit or loss. Changes in the present value of the defined benefit obligation resulting from plan amendments or curtailments are recognised immediately in profit or loss as past service cost.
Compensated Absences
Accumulated compensated absences are unused leaves which can be encashed only on discontinuation of service by employee. The obligation towards the same is measured at the expected cost of accumulating compensated absences as the additional amount expected to be paid as a result of the unused entitlement as at the year end. The liabilities of earned leaves which are not expected to be settled within 12 months after the end of the year in which the
employee render the related service, are measured at the present value of expected future payments to be made in respect of services provided by employees up to the end of the reporting period using the projected unit cost method based on actuarial valuations. Actuarial gains/ losses are recognised in profit or loss.
(p) Taxes
Income-tax expenses comprises current and deferred tax. It is recognised in profit or loss except to the extent that it relates to an item recognised directly in equity or in other comprehensive income.
Current Income Tax
Current tax comprises the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the year and any adjustment to the tax payable or receivable in respect of previous years. The amount of current tax reflects the best estimate of the tax amount expected to be paid or received after considering the uncertainty, if any, related to income taxes. It is measured using tax rates (and tax laws) enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.
Tax assets and liabilities are offset only if there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts, and it is intended to realise the asset and settle the liability on a net basis or simultaneously.
Deferred Income Tax
Deferred tax is recognised in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the corresponding amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax is not recognised for temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and that affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss at the time of the transaction.
Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be used. The existence of unused tax losses is strong evidence that future taxable profit may not be available. Therefore, in case of a history of recent losses, the Company recognises a deferred tax asset only to the extent that it has sufficient taxable temporary differences or there is convincing other evidence that sufficient taxable profit will be available against which such deferred tax asset can be realised. Deferred tax assets - unrecognised or recognised, are reviewed at each reporting date and are recognised/ reduced
to the extent that it is probable/ no longer probable respectively that the related tax benefit will be realised. Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on the laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date.
The measurement of deferred tax reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the reporting date, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax liabilities and assets, and they relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority on the same taxable entity, or on different tax entities, but they intend to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis or their tax assets and liabilities will be realised simultaneously.
(q) Borrowing Costs
Borrowing costs comprise interest cost on borrowings, lease liabilities and amortization of initial costs incurred in connection with the arrangement of borrowings. Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use are capitalized. All other borrowing costs are recognised as expenditure in the period in which they are incurred.
(r) Segment Reporting
The Company identifies segment basis of the internal organisation and management structure. The operating segments are the segments for which separate financial information is available and for which operating profit/loss amounts are regularly reviewed by the CODM (‘chief operating decision maker'). The accounting policies adopted for segment reporting are in line with the accounting policies of the Company. The business of the Company falls within a single line of business i.e. business of diagnostic services. All other activities of the Company revolve around its main business. Hence no separate reportable primary segment.
3. Critical accounting estimates and assumptions
The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the year end date, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the
next financial year, are described below. The Company based its assumptions and estimates on parameters available when the standalone financial statements were prepared. Existing circumstances and assumptions about future developments, however, may change due to market changes or circumstances arising that are beyond the control of the Company. Such changes are reflected in the assumptions when they occur.
(a) Useful lives of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets
As described in the material accounting policies, the Company reviews the estimated useful lives of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets at the end of each reporting period. Useful lives of intangible assets is determined on the basis of estimated benefits to be derived from use of such intangible assets. These reassessments may result in change in the depreciation /amortization expense in future periods.
(b) Actuarial Valuation
The determination of Company's liability towards defined benefit obligation to employees is made through independent actuarial valuation including determination of amounts to be recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss and in Other Comprehensive Income. Such valuation depend upon assumptions determined after taking into account discount rate, salary growth rate, expected rate of return, mortality and attrition rate. Information about such valuation is provided in notes to the standalone financial statements.
(c) Impairment of non-financial assets
In assessing impairment, management estimates the recoverable amount of each asset or cash-generating units based on expected future cash flows and uses an interest rate to discount them. Estimation uncertainty
relates to assumptions about future operating results and the determination of a suitable discount rate.
(d) Contingencies
Management judgement is required for estimating the possible outflow of resources, if any, in respect of contingencies/ claim/ litigation against Company as it is not possible to predict the outcome of pending matters with accuracy.
(e) Provisions
Provisions are recognised in the period when it becomes probable that there will be a future outflow of funds resulting from past operations or events that can reasonably be estimated. The timing of recognition requires application of judgement to existing facts and circumstances which may be subject to change. The litigations and claims to which the Company is exposed are assessed by management and in certain cases with the support of external specialised lawyers.
(f) Income taxes
Management judgment is required for the calculation of provision for income taxes and deferred tax assets and liabilities. The Company reviews at each balance sheet date the carrying amount of deferred tax assets. The factors used in estimates may differ from actual outcome which could lead to significant adjustment to the amounts reported in the standalone financial statements.
(g) Leases
The Company evaluates if an arrangement qualifies to be a lease as per the requirements of Ind AS 116. Identification of a lease requires significant judgement. The Company uses significant judgement in assessing the lease term (including anticipated renewals) and the applicable discount rate. The Company determines the lease term as the non cancellable period of a lease,
together with both periods covered by an option to extend the lease if the Company is reasonably certain to exercise that option; and periods covered by an option to terminate the lease if the Company is reasonably certain not to exercise that option. In assessing whether the Company is reasonably certain to exercise an option to extend a lease, or not to exercise an option to terminate a lease, it considers all relevant facts and circumstances that create an economic incentive for the Company to exercise the option to extend the lease, or not to exercise the option to terminate the lease. The Company revises the lease term if there is a change in the non-cancellable period of a lease. The discount rate is generally based on the incremental borrowing rate specific to the lease being evaluated or for a portfolio of leases with similar characteristics.
4. Recent pronouncements
Ministry of Corporate Affairs (“MCA") notifies new standards oramendments to the existing standards under Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules as issued from time to time. During the year ended 31 March 2025, MCA has notified Ind AS 117 - Insurance Contracts and amendments to Ind As 116 - Leases, relating to sale and lease back transactions, applicable from 01 April 2024. The Company has assessed that there is no significant impact on its financial statements.
Further, the Ministry of Corporate Affairs had notified Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment
Rules, 2025 dated 07 May 2025, to amend the following Ind AS which are effective for annual periods beginning on or after 01 April 2025, hence, the Company is currently assessing the probable impact of these amendments on its financial statements.
(a) Amendments to Ind AS 1 - disclosure of
accounting policies
The amendments aim to clarify the below:
(a) An entity's right to defer settlement of a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period must have substance and must exist at the end of the reporting period;
(b) If an entity's right to defer settlement of a liability is subject to covenants, such covenants affect whether that right exists at the end of the reporting period only if the entity is required to comply with the covenant on or before the end of the reporting period;
(c) The classification of a liability as current or non¬ current is unaffected by the likelihood that the entity will exercise its right to defer settlement;
(d) In case of a liability that can be settled, at the option of the counterparty, by the transfer of the entity's own equity instruments,such settlement.
(b) There is no project as capital works in progress as at 31 March 2025 and 31 March 2024, whose completion is overdue or cost of which has exceeded its cost compared to original plan or which has been temporarily suspended.
7. Right to use & Lease liabilities
The Company has leasing arrangements for a number of properties in the jurisdictions from which it operates. In some jurisdictions it is customary for lease contracts to provide for payments to increase each year by inflation and in others to be reset periodically to market rental rates. In some jurisdictions, for property leases the periodic rent is fixed over the lease term. These leases have terms ranging from two to nine years.
The Company also has leasing arrangements for certain items of plant and equipment (Medical equipments). Leases of plant and equipment have in substance fixed and variable payments.
The Company also has entered into certain leases of equipment with lease term up to 12 months and certain leases of office equipment of low value. The Company applies the recognition exemptions relating to short-term leases and lease of low-value assets for these leases.
The weighted average incremental borrowing rate applied to lease added during the period is 10.05% for premises and medical equipments.
(B) Rights, preferences and restrictions attached:
Equity Shares
The Company has only one class of equity share having face value of H 2/- each. Each equity shareholder is entitled to one vote per share held. The Company declares and pays dividends in Indian rupees. The dividend proposed by the Board of Directors is subject to the approval of the shareholders In the General Meeting. The above shareholding represent the legal ownership of shares. In the event of liquidation of the Company, the equity shareholders shall be entitled to receive remaining assets of the Company, after distribution of all preferential amounts. The distribution will be in proportion to the number of equity shares held by the shareholders. Equity Shares held by OrbiMed Asia II Mauritius Limited (surviving entity pursuant to amalgamation of Orbimed Asia II Mauritius FDI Investment Limited) in the Company carry certain protective rights under the terms of the Shareholders Agreement.
(*) The management of the Company is in the process of transferring these shares to the legal heir(s) of Late Mr. Kishan Kumar Kejriwal, post his demise on 05 November 2023.
(E) The company in the current financial year has allotted 86,24,997 equity shares of H 2/- each in proportion of 1 bonus equity shares of face value of H 2/- each for every four equity share of H 2/- each. There are no shares bought back during the period of five years immediately preceding the reporting date.
(F) During the year ended 31 March 2025, the Company has completed an Initial Public Offering entirely as offer for sale of 1,91,89,330 equity shares by existing share holders with face value of H 2/- and listed on both National Stock exchange (NSE) and Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) on 06 December 2024.
Notes:
22.1 Details of rate of interest, repayment and securities with respect to term loans for Medical Equipment's
Term loans from banks are repayable in 48-84 equated monthly installments and carry an interest rate of 6.90% - 10.05% per annum (31 March 2024: 6.90% - 9.80% per annum). These loans are secured by exclusive charge on medical equipments purchased out of the respective loans and personal guarantee of directors.
22.2 Details of rate of interest, repayment and securities with respect to working capital term loan under Emergency Credit Line Guarantee Scheme (ECLGS)
The aforesaid working capital term loan under Emergency Credit Line Guarantee Scheme (ECLGS) was secured and guaranteed by National credit guarantee trustee company limited (NCGTC). It has been repaid in full in the current year.
22.3 Details of rate of interest, repayment and securities with respect to car loans from bank
The aforesaid term loans are secured against the hypothecation over vehicle's against which such loans have been taken. Such loans are repayable in equal monthly instalment over a period of 35 months along with interest in the range of 7.10% to 8.50% per annum (31 March 2024: 7.10% to 8.30% per annum).
22.4 Details of rate of interest, repayment and securities with respect to car loan from financial institution
The aforesaid term loan are secured against the hypothecation over vehicle's against which such loans have been taken. Such loans are repayable in equal monthly instalment over a period of 25 months along with interest in the range of 8.28% per annum.
(a) The Company had given an earnest money deposit by way of bank guarantee of H 150.00 lakhs to Bihar State Heath Society in 2014-15 which had been encashed by the other party on grounds of non-compliance of the term of agreement. The Company has filled writ petition before the Patna High Court.The Patna High Court pursuent to the order dated 09 August 2024 ordered in favour of Suraksha Diagnostic Limited and directed to refund the amount of Bank Guatee along with 9% simple interest from the date of encashment. Further the company has received the refund of earnest money deposit in full as on 30 April 2025.
40. Employee benefits (A) Defined contribution plans
The Company makes contributions, determined as a specified percentage of employees salaries, in respect of qualifying employees towards provident fund, which is a defined contribution plan. The Company has no further obligations towards specified contributions. The contributions are charged to the statement of profit and loss as and when they accrue.
(B) Defined benefit plans I. Gratuity:
The Company provides Gratuity for employees in India as per the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972. All employees are entitled to gratuity benefits on exit from service due to retirement, resignation or death. There is a vesting period of 5 years on exits due to retirement or resignation. This defined benefit plans expose the Company to actuarial risks, such as longevity risk, interest rate risk and market (investment) risk. The present value of the defined benefit obligation and the relevant current service cost are measured using the Projected Unit Credit Method, with actuarial valuations being carried out at each Balance sheet date. The gratuity benefit is provided through a Gratuity Fund administered and managed by the Life Insurance Corporation of India. The annual contributions are charged to Statement of profit and loss.
The weighted average duration of defined benefit obligation is 13 years (31 March 2024: 13 years)
Gratuity is a defined benefit plan and entity is exposed to the Following Risks:
(i) Interest rate risk: The plan exposes the Company to the risk of fall in interest rates. A fall in interest rates will result in an increase in the ultimate cost of providing the above benefit and will thus result in an increase in the value of the liability (as shown in financial statements).
(ii) Salary Risk: The present value of the defined benefit plan is calculated with the assumption of salary increase rate of plan participants in future. Deviation in the rate of increase of salary in future for plan participants from the rate of increase in salary used to determine the present value of oblgation will have a bearing on the plan's liabilty.
(iii) Liquidity Risk: This is the risk that the Company is not able to meet the short-term gratuity payouts. This may arise due to non-availabilty of enough cash / cash equivalent to meet the liabilities or holding of illiquid assets not being sold in time.
(iv) Demographic Risk: The Company has used certain mortality and attrition assumptions in valuation of the liability. The Company is exposed to the risk of actual experience turning out to be worse compared to the assumption.
(v) Regulatory Risk: : Gratuity benefit is paid in accordance with the requirements of the Payment of Gratuity Act , 1972 (as amended from time to time). There is a risk of change in regulations requiring higher gratuity payouts (e.g. Increase in the maximum limit on gratuity of H 20,00,000).
II. Compensated absences:
The provision for compensated absences (Privilege Leave) as at the year end 31 March 2025 is H 61.61 lakhs (31 March 2024: H 42.55 lakhs). The provision for compensated absences (Sick leave) as at the year end 31 March 2025 is H 24.27 lakhs (31 March 2024: H 17.29 lakhs).
Notes:
i) All transactions with these related parties are at arm's length basis and resulting outstanding receivables and payables including financial assets and financial liabilities balances are settled in cash. None of the balances are secured.
ii) Related parties have been identified by the management and relied upon by the auditors.
iii) The remuneration to key managerial personnel does not include provision for gratuity and leave encashment, as they are determined for the Company as a whole.
42. Segment information
The Company is engaged solely in the business of diagnostic centers for carrying out various pathology and radiology services. The entire operations are governed by the same set of risks and returns and hence is considered as representing a single business segment. As the Company operates in a single primary business segment, no separate segment information has been disclosed.
The Board of Directors of the Company, which has been identified as being the chief operating decision maker (CODM), evaluates the Company's performance, allocates resources based on the analysis of the various performance indicators of the Company as a single unit. Therefore there is no reportable segment for the Company, in accordance with the requirements of Indian Accounting Standard 108- ‘Operating Segments', notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standard) Rules, 2015. The Board regularly reviews the performance reports and make decisions about allocation of resources.
(a) Information about geographical areas
The Company is domiciled in India and has revenue only from India. The Company operates within India and therefore there are no assets or liabilities outside India.
(b) Information about major customers
No single customer contributed more than 10% or more to the Company's revenue during the year ended 31 March 2025.
C. The Sales of Diagnostic Services includes the revenue from the Covid Tests and its vaccination for an amount of H 6.64 Lakhs and H 39.41 Lakhs for the year ended 31 March 2025 and 31 March 2024.
44. Share - based Payments
The Holding Company instituted the Suraksha Employee Stock Option Scheme 2024 (“the Scheme" or “ESOP 2024") which were approved by the Nomination and Remuneration Committee (“the NRC") of the Company. In accordance to the scheme the holding company has granted 2,08,164 options to the employees of the company . The Plan enables grant of stock options to the eligible employees of the Company. The options granted under the Plan have a maximum vesting period of 4 years. The cost of options granted to the employees of the Company are recorded in accordance with Ind AS 102 Share-based payments.
45. Fair value measurements (Contd..)
(B) Fair value hierarchy
The following is the hierarchy for determining and disclosing the fair value of financial instruments by valuation technique: Inputs used in determining fair value measurements are categorised into different levels based on how observable the inputs used in the valuation technique utilised are (the ‘fair value hierarchy'):"
• Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical items (unadjusted)
• Level 2 - Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).
• Level 3 - Unobservable inputs (i.e. not derived from market data).
Fair value of Financial Assets and Liabilities measured at amortized cost:
The fair value of other current financial assets, cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables, other financial assets, trade payables and other financial liabilities approximate the carrying amounts because of the short-term nature of these financial instruments.
The amortized cost using effective interest rate (EIR) of non-current financial assets consisting of security deposits are not significantly different from the carrying amount.
46. Financial risk management
The Company's financial risk management is an integral part of how to plan and execute its business strategies. The Company's financial risk management policy is set by the Managing Board. These risks are categorised into Market risk, Credit risk and Liquidity risk.
(A) Market risk
Market risk is the risk of loss of future earnings, fair values or future cash flows that may result from a change in the price of a financial instrument. The value of a financial instrument may change as a result of changes in the interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, and other market changes that affect market risk sensitive instruments. Market risk is attributable to all market risk sensitive financial instruments including foreign currency receivables, payables and loans and borrowings.
(i) Interest rate risk
Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates. The Company's exposure to the risk of changes in market interest rates relates primarily to the Company's borrowings with floating interest rates.
Interest rate sensitivity
The following table demonstrates the sensitivity to a reasonably possible change in interest rates on variable borrowings. With all other variables held constant, the Company's profit before tax is affected through the impact on floating rate borrowings, as follows:
46. Financial risk management (Contd..)
(B) Credit risk
Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the Company if a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations. The Company's maximum exposure to credit risk for the components of the balance sheet at 31 March 2025 is the carrying amounts of financial assets as per note 45. The objective of managing counterparty credit risk is to prevent losses in financial assets. The Company assesses the credit quality of the counterparties, taking into account their financial position, past experience and other factors.
Trade receivables :
The Company applies the Ind AS 109 simplified approach for measuring expected credit losses which uses a lifetime expected loss allowance (ECL) for trade receivables. The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognises impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition.
To measure the expected credit losses, trade receivables have been grouped based on shared credit risk characteristics and the days past due. The Company's trade receivable are generally having credit period from 30 to 60 days and historically, majority of trade receivables are recovered subsequently.
The Company uses a provision matrix to measure the ECLs of trade receivables. The provision matrix is initially based on the Company's historical observed default rates. Based on evaluation carried out and to the best estimate of management, historical loss sufficiently covers expected loss as well as future contingencies and adjustment for forward looking factors are not considered significant, hence no adjustment for forward looking factors is carried.
Computation of Allowance for impairment losses:
ECL is computed based on the trade receivable as at reporting period by applying the bucket wise lifetime loss rate (PDs) determined for each reporting period.
Other financial assets:
Balances with banks are considered to have negligible risk or nil risk, as they are maintained with high rated banks / financial institutions as approved by the Board of directors. Other financial assets mainly includes deposit given. Based on assessment carried by the Company, entire receivable under this category is classified as "Stage 1". There is no history of loss and credit risk and the amount of provision for expected credit losses on other financial assets is negligible.
(ii) Foreign currency risk
Foreign currency risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in foreign exchange rates. The Company's exposure to the risk of changes in foreign exchange rates relates primarily to the Company's operating activities (when revenue or expense is denominated in a different currency from the Company's functional currency).
The Group Company's exposure to the risk of change in foreign exchange rates is Nil as on 31 March 2025.
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