We have audited the accompanying Standalone Financial Statements of Transrail Lighting Limited (“the Company"), which comprise the Balance Sheet as at March 31, 2025, and the Statement of Profit and Loss (including Other Comprehensive Income), Statement of Changes in Equity and Statement of Cash Flows for the year then ended, and notes to the financial statements, including a summary of material accounting policy Information and other explanatory information in which are incorporated the financials for the year ended on that date audited by branch auditors of the Company's branches located at Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Cameroon, Eswatini, Gambia, Ghana, Italy Jordon, Kenya, Mali, Mozambique, Nicaragua, Niger, Philippines, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo and Uganda (hereinafter referred to as “the Standalone Financial Statements").
In our opinion and to the best of our information and according to the explanations given to us and based on the consideration of the audit reports of the other auditors on financial information of branches referred to in Other Matters section below, the aforesaid Standalone Financial Statements give the information required by the Companies Act, 2013 (“the Act") in the manner so required and give a true and fair view in conformity with the Indian Accounting Standards prescribed under section 133 of the Act read with the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015,
as amended, (“Ind AS") and other accounting principles generally accepted in India, of the state of affairs of the Company as at March 31, 2025, its profit (including other comprehensive income), changes in equity and its cash flows for the year ended on that date.
BASIS FOR OPINION
We conducted our audit in accordance with the Standards on Auditing (SAs) specified under section 143(10) of the Companies Act, 2013. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor's Responsibilities for the audit of the Standalone Financial Statements section of our report. We are independent of the Company in accordance with the Code of Ethics issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India together with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the Standalone Financial Statements under the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 and the Rules thereunder, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements and the Code of Ethics. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained and the audit evidence obtained by the other auditors in terms of their reports referred to in 'Other Matters' section below is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion on the Standalone Financial Statements.
KEY AUDIT MATTERS
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgement, were of most significance in our audit of the Standalone Financial Statements of the current year These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the Standalone Financial Statements as a whole and in forming our opinion thereon, we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters.
We have determined the matters below to be the key audit matters to be communicated in our report.
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Sr.
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Key Audit Matter
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Auditors’ Response
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No.
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1 Contract Revenue Recognition
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The Company's revenue is primarily from engineering,
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Our procedures included, amongst others:
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procurement and construction (EPC) contracts. There are significant accounting judgements in estimating the revenue to be recognized on these contracts, including
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Obtained and reviewed the percentage of completion calculations, including its mathematical accuracy.
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estimation of costs to complete them.
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We read the contract documents and any variations
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The Company recognizes revenue under the percentage
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therein to verify the contract value.
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completion method, based on the proportion of cost
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We performed substantive tests to verify the cost
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incurred as at balance sheet date to the total estimated
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incurred during the year, including cut off procedures.
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cost of each contract. The recognition of revenue
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We also verified the bills raised on the basis of
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and thus the resulting profit/loss depends on the
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inspection reports and work certified.
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estimates relating to forecasted revenue and estimated contract costs. The management exercises significant judgements in determining the probable expected
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We performed analytical procedures, including project profitability analysis for revenue recognized.
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losses, based on the estimated total cost. The contract
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We also assessed the adequacy of the related
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revenue may include variation and claims. These
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disclosures in the notes to accounts in the Standalone
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estimates are periodically reviewed by the management.
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Financial Statements.
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2
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Recoverability of Trade Receivables and Contract Assets
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Our procedures included, amongst others:
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The balances of trade receivables and contract assets
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Evaluated the design and implementation and
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are significant in the Standalone Financial Statement
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operating effectiveness of controls over assessment
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as at March 31, 2025. The management exercises
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of recoverability of receivables.
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judgement on the assumptions used for assessing and estimating the expected credit loss on the receivables.
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We enquired with the management to understand the contractual terms, past recoveries and recoveries
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The assumptions are based on the project status, past
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subsequent to the balance sheet date.
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conduct, disputes, credit risk and prevailing market conditions.
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We assessed the information used by the management to estimate the expected credit loss considering the contractual terms, project status, credit risk of customers, past recoveries and subsequent recoveries, disputes and litigations with the customers.
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We also assessed the adequacy of the related disclosures in the notes to accounts in the Standalone Financial Statements.
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INFORMATION OTHER THAN THE STANDALONE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND AUDITOR'S REPORT THEREON
The Company's Board of Directors is responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information included in the Board's report but does not include the Standalone Financial Statements and our Independent Auditors' Report thereon. Our opinion on the Standalone Financial Statements does not cover the other information and we do not and will not express any form of assurance or conclusion thereon.
In connection with our audit of the Standalone Financial Statements, our responsibility is to read the other information identified above and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the Standalone Financial Statements, or our knowledge obtained in the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated.
If, based on the work we have performed on the other information that we obtained prior to the date of this auditor's report, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard.
RESPONSIBILITIES OF MANAGEMENT AND THOSE CHARGED WITH GOVERNANCE FOR THE STANDALONE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The Company's Board of Directors is responsible for the matters stated in section 134(5) of the Companies Act, 2013 (“the Act") with respect to the preparation of these Standalone Financial Statements that give a true and fair view of the financial position, financial performance, changes in equity and cash flows of the Company in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in India, including the accounting Standards specified under section 133 of the Act. This responsibility also includes maintenance of adequate accounting records in accordance with the provisions of the Act for safeguarding of the assets of the Company and for preventing and detecting frauds and other irregularities; selection and application of appropriate accounting policies; making judgments and estimates that are reasonable and prudent; and design, implementation and maintenance of adequate internal financial controls, that were operating effectively for ensuring the accuracy and completeness of the accounting records, relevant to the preparation and presentation of the Standalone Financial Statements that give a true and fair view and are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
In preparing the Standalone Financial Statements, management is responsible for assessing the Company's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless management either intends to liquidate the Company or to cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so.
The Board of Directors is also responsible for overseeing the Company's financial reporting process.
AUDITOR'S RESPONSIBILITIES FOR THE AUDIT OF THE STANDALONE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the Standalone Financial Statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor's report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with SAs will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these Standalone Financial Statements.
As part of an audit in accordance with SAs, we exercise professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit. We also:
1. Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the Standalone Financial Statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.
2. Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances. Under section 143(3) (i) of the Companies Act, 2013, we are also responsible for expressing our opinion on whether the Company has adequate internal financial controls system in place and the operating effectiveness of such controls.
3. Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by management.
4. Conclude on the appropriateness of management's use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditor's report to the related disclosures in the financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor's report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Company to cease to continue as a going concern.
5. Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the Standalone Financial Statements, including the disclosures, and whether the Standalone Financial Statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation.
Materiality is the magnitude of misstatements in the Standalone Financial Statements that, individually or in aggregate, make it probable that the economic decisions of a reasonably knowledgeable user of the Standalone Financial Statements may be influenced. We consider quantitative materiality and qualitative factors in (i) planning the scope of our audit work and in evaluating the results of our work; and (ii) to evaluate the effect of any identified misstatements in the Standalone Financial Statements.
We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and
timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit.
We also provide those charged with governance with a statement that we have complied with relevant ethical requirements regarding independence, and to communicate with them all relationships and other matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and where applicable, related safeguards.
From the matters communicated with those charged with governance we determine those matters that were of most significance in the audit of the Standalone Financial Statements of the current year and are therefore Key Audit Matters. We describe these matters in our auditor's report unless law or regulation precludes public disclosure about the matter or when, in extremely rare circumstances, we determine that a matter should not be communicated in our report because the adverse consequences of doing so would reasonably be expected to out weigh the public interest benefits of such communication.
OTHER MATTERS
1. We did not audit the financial statements / financial information of 22 branches included in the Standalone Financial Statements of the Company whose financial statements / financial information reflect total assets as at March 31,2025 of ' 1,047.98 crores, total revenues of ' 1,019.26 crores and net cash flows of ' (8.20) crores for the year ended on that date, as considered in the Standalone Financial Statements. The financial statements / financial information of these branches have been audited by the branch auditors whose reports have been furnished to us and our opinion in so far as it relates to the amounts and disclosures included in respect of these branches and our report in terms of sub-section 3 of Section 143 of the Act, in so far as it relates to the aforesaid branches is based solely on the reports of such branch auditors.
2. All the above stated branches are located outside India, the audited financials stated above have been audited by other auditors under generally accepted auditing standards applicable in their respective countries. The Company's management has converted the financial statements of such branches located outside India from accounting principles generally accepted in their respective countries to accounting principles generally accepted in India so as to make these financial statements fit for consolidation. We have audited these conversion adjustments made by the Company's management. Our audit report in so far as it relates to the balances and affairs of such branches
located outside India is based on the reports of other auditors and the conversion adjustments prepared by the management of the Company and audited by us.
Our opinion on the Standalone Financial Statements and our report on Other Legal and Regulatory Requirements below is not modified in respect of these matters with respect to our reliance on the work done and the reports of the other auditors and the financial information certified by the management.
REPORT ON OTHER LEGAL AND REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS
1. As required by the Companies (Auditor's Report) Order, 2020 (“the Order"), issued by the Central Government of India in terms of sub-section (11) of section 143 of the Companies Act, 2013, we give in the attached Annexure “A" a statement on the matters specified in paragraphs 3 and 4 of the Order, to the extent applicable.
2. As required by Section 143(3) of the Act, we report that:
a. We have sought and obtained all the information and explanations, which to the best of our knowledge and belief were necessary for the purposes of our audit.
b. In our opinion, proper books of account as required by law have been kept by the Company so far as it appears from our examination of those books except for the matter stated in paragraph 2(i)(vi) below relating to reporting under rule 11(g) of the Companies (Audit and Auditors) Rule 2014, as amended. We have also received financial statements and returns adequate for the purposes of our audit from the branches of the Company not visited by us as detailed in our paragraph on Other Matters.
c. The Balance Sheet, the Statement of Profit and Loss (including Other Comprehensive Income), Statement of Changes in Equity and the Cash Flow Statement dealt with by this Report are in agreement with the books of account.
d. In our opinion, the aforesaid Standalone Financial Statements comply with the Accounting Standards specified under Section 133 of the Act.
e. On the basis of the written representations received from the directors as on April 1, 2025 to April 3, 2025 taken on record by the Board of Directors, none of the directors is disqualified
as on March 31, 2025 from being appointed as a director in terms of Section 164 (2) of the Act.
f. With reference to maintenance of accounts and other matter therewith, reference is invited to paragraph 2(b) above on reporting under section 143(3)(b) and para 2(i)(vi) below relating to reporting under rule 11(g) of the Companies (Audit and Auditors) Rule 2014, as amended.
g. With respect to the adequacy of the internal financial controls with reference to Standalone Financial Statements of the Company and the operating effectiveness of such controls, refer to our separate Report in “Annexure B". Our report expresses an unmodified opinion on the adequacy and operating effectiveness of the Company's internal financial controls with reference to Standalone Financial Statements.
h. With respect to the other matters to be included in the Auditor's Report in accordance with the requirements of section 197(16) of the Act, as amended: In our opinion and to the best of our information and according to the explanations given to us, the remuneration paid by the Company to its directors during the year is in accordance with the provisions of Section 197 of the Act.
i. With respect to the other matters to be included in the Auditor's Report in accordance with Rule 11 of the Companies (Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014, in our opinion and to the best of our information and according to the explanations given to us:
i. The Company has disclosed the impact of pending litigations on its financial position in its Standalone Financial Statements - Refer Note 48 to the Standalone Financial Statements,
ii. The Company has made provisions, as required under the applicable law or accounting standards, for material foreseeable losses if any on long term contracts including derivative contracts.
iii. There are no amounts that are required to be transferred to the Investor Education and Protection Fund by the Company.
iv. a. The management has represented
that, to the best of their knowledge and belief other than as disclosed in the notes to the accounts no funds have
been advanced or loaned or invested (either from borrowed funds or share premium or any other sources or kind of funds) by the Company to or in any other person or entities, including foreign entities (“Intermediaries") with the understanding whether recorded in writing or otherwise, that the intermediary shall, whether directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Company (“Ultimate Beneficiaries") or provide any guarantee, security, or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.
b. The management has represented that, to the best of its knowledge and belief, other than as disclosed in the notes to the accounts, no funds have been received by the Company from any person or entities including foreign entities (“Funding Parties"), with the understanding, whether recorded in writing or otherwise, that the Company shall, whether directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Funding Party (“Ultimate Beneficiaries") or provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries,
c. Based on such audit procedures considered reasonable and appropriate in the circumstances, nothing has come to our notice that has caused us to believe that the representations under sub-clause (iv)(a) and (iv)(b) above contain any material misstatement.
v. The Company has declared and paid final dividend for the year 2023-24 and is in compliance with provisions of section 123 of the Companies Act, 2013.
vi. Based on our examination of the feature of audit trail in the accounting software which included test checks, except for instances mentioned below, the Company has used accounting software for maintaining its books of account, which have feature for recording audit trail (edit log) facility and the same has
operated throughout the year for alt relevant transactions recorded in the software.
a. The feature of recording audit trail (edit log) facility was enabled on June 8, 2024 at the application layer of the accounting software at some of the Company's branches which are not material.
b. The feature of recording audit trail (edit log) facility was enabled on July 3, 2024 at the database level to log any direct data changes for the accounting software (SAP) used by the Company. Attention is invited to Note 53 detailing the direct access to tally data which is in encrypted form at some of the Company's branches which are not material.
Further, where the audit trail (edit log) facility was enabled for the respective software, during the course of our audit
we did not come across any instance of audit trail feature being tampered with.
Further, The audit trail has been retained by the Company , as per the statutory requirements for record retention except that the audit trail for database level changes is retained only from July 3, 2024 and for the Company's branches at the application level from June 8 , 2024.
For Nayan Parikh & Co.
Chartered Accountants Firm Registration No.107023W
Aparna Gandhi
Partner M. No. 049687 Mumbai, Dated: May 23, 2025 UDIN: 25049687BMKTEI2782
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