We have audited the accompanying standalone financial statements of 'Vishnusurya Projects and Infra Limited (formerly known as Vishnusurya Projects and Infra Private Limited) ("the Company”) which comprise the Standalone Balance Sheet as at March 31,2025, the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss and Standalone Cash Flow Statement for the year then ended, and notes to the standalone financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies and other explanatory information.
In our opinion and to the best of our information and according to the explanations given to us, the aforesaid standalone financial statements give the information required by the Companies Act, 2013 ('the Act') in the manner so required and give a true and fair view in conformity with the accounting principles generally accepted in India, of the state of affairs of the Company as at March 31, 2025, its profits, and its cash flows for the year then ended.
BASIS FOR OPINION
We conducted our audit in accordance with the Standards
on Auditing (SAs) specified under section 143(10) of the Act. Our responsibilities under those Standards are further described in the "Auditor's Responsibilities for the Audit of the Standalone Financial Statements” section of our report. We are independent of the Company in accordance with the Code of Ethics issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India together with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the standalone financial statements under the provisions of the Act and the Rules thereunder, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements and the Code of Ethics. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion on the standalone financial statements.
KEY AUDIT MATTERS
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgement, were of most significance in our audit of the standalone financial statements of the current period. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the standalone financial statements as a whole and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters.
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1. Accuracy of revenue recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosures w.r.t unbilled revenue for Revenue from EPC & Allied activities Contracts with Customers
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The Key Audit Matter
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The Company, in its contracts with customers, delivers engineering, procurement, and construction ("EPC”) services. Revenue recognition involves significant judgment, especially for unbilled revenue, which represents revenue accrued for costs incurred for work performed but not yet invoiced.
As at March 31, 2025, unbilled revenue amounted to '4,695.11 lakhs. Determining whether the performance obligation has been satisfied, assessing recoverability of contract assets, and estimating costs to complete the contract involve high judgment and materiality
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How we addressed the matter in our audit
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Our audit procedures included, but were not limited to, the following:
(A) Evaluated the appropriateness of the Company's accounting policy for revenue recognition.
(B) Obtained an understanding of the systems, processes, and internal controls over recording and computing revenue and associated contract assets..
(C) For selected contracts, we
• Examined evidence supporting work execution and completion.
• Assessed recoverability of overdue amounts and the impact on expected credit loss allowance.
• Reviewed adjusting events after the reporting date.
• Tested samples of costs incurred and performed cut-off procedures.
• Compared actual costs with management estimates to evaluate reasonableness of remaining costs to complete.
• Confirmed work completion with customers, sub-contractors, and site engineers.
(D) Confirmation for work completion details w.r.t to unbilled revenue from the customer/ sub-contractor and site engineers.
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2. Existence and Valuation of Inventory at Mining Sites
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The Key Audit Matter
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The Company holds mining inventories, including boulders, crushed rock, gravel, sand, and construction materials, which are bulky and unevenly distributed in large stockpiles. Continuous extraction and production make accurate measurement challenging, and physical verification relies on manual surveys and estimations, increasing the risk of misstatement.
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How we addressed the matter in our audit
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Our audit procedures included, but were not limited to, the following:
1. Attended inventory counts at mining sites as of March 31, 2025, and observed management's procedures to assess the effectiveness.
2. Tested a sample of inventory quantities against records and ensured proper adjustments in the books.
3. Performed comparative analysis with prior year inventory and evaluated internal controls over:
• Physical access and security
• Inventory measurement and survey procedures - Procedures for conducting stockpile surveys or core sampling to ensure accuracy and consistency
• Recordkeeping and reconciliation - Register maintained to track extraction, production and sales data and monthly submission to the management. Controls over how inventory data is documented, tracked, and reconciled with production records
4. Reviewed cut-off procedures and disclosures in the Standalone financial statements.
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3. Claims and Exposures Relating to Taxation and Litigation
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The Key Audit Matter
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Taxation and litigation exposures have been identified as a key audit matter due to the complexities involved in these matters, timescales involved for resolution and the potential financial impact of these on the Standalone financial statements. Further, significant management judgement is involved in assessing the exposure of each case and thus a risk that such cases may not be adequately provided for or disclosed. Refer Note 31 of standalone financial statements for disclosures on pending legal / disputed claims
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How we addressed the matter in our audit
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Our audit procedures included, but were not limited to, the following:
• Understood the process for identifying claims, litigations, and contingent liabilities, and tested key controls.
• Obtained and Reviewed summaries of legal and tax cases, assessed management's judgment, and corroborated developments with relevant documentation
• Reviewed the legal and other professional expenses and enquired with the management for recent developments and the status of the material litigations which were reviewed.
• Examined external legal opinions (where considered necessary) and other evidence to corroborate management's assessment of the risk profile in respect of legal claims.
• Assessed the competence and objectivity of the Company's experts
• Assessed whether management assessment of similar cases is consistent across the divisions or that differences in positions are adequately justified.
• Assessed the relevant disclosures made within the Standalone financial statements to address whether they reflect the facts and circumstances of the respective tax and legal exposures and the requirements of relevant accounting standards
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4. Recoverability of Disputed Trade Receivables
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The Key Audit Matter
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The Company has trade receivables of '120 lakhs in the construction segment that are disputed and subject to arbitration proceedings. While management believes no provision is necessary based on contractual tenability and legal opinion, the uncertainty regarding the outcome and the materiality of the amount make this a key audit matter
Refer Note ... of standalone financial statements for disclosures on disputed Trade receivable
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How we addressed the matter in
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Our audit procedures included, but were not limited to, the following:
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our audit
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1. Verified contractual agreements supporting management's assessment of receivable recoverability.
2. Evaluated management's judgment regarding dispute resolution and correspondence with legal counsel.
3. Reviewed external legal opinions and assessed consistency of management's assessment across cases.
4. Assessed disclosures in the Standalone financial statements related to these disputed receivables.
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OTHER MATTER
The Standalone financial statements of the Company for the year ended March 31, 2024, were audited by another auditor who expressed an unmodified opinion on those statements on May 23, 2024. Our opinion is not modified in respect of the comparative information.
INFORMATION OTHER THAN THE STANDALONE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND AUDITORS’ REPORT THEREON
The Company's Board of Directors is responsible for the
other information. The other information comprises the information included in the Company's Annual Report but does not include the standalone financial statements and our auditor's report thereon. Management Discussion and Analysis and Board's report, along with its annexures, is expected to be made available to us after the date of this Auditor's report. Our opinion on the standalone financial statements does not cover the other information and we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. In connection with our audit of the standalone financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information identified above when it becomes available
and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the standalone financial statements, or our knowledge obtained during the course of our audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. When we read the Management Discussion and Analysis and Board's report, if we conclude that there is a material misstatement therein, we are required to communicate the matter to those charged with governance and will take appropriate actions necessitated by the circumstances and the applicable laws and regulations.
RESPONSIBILITY OF MANAGEMENT AND THOSE CHARGED WITH GOVERNANCE FOR THE STANDALONE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The Company's Board of Directors is responsible for the matters stated in Section134(5) of the Act. with respect to the preparation of these standalone financial statements that give a true and fair view of the financial position, financial performance and cash flows of the Company in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in India, including the Accounting Standards specified under Section 133 of the Act. This responsibility also includes maintenance of adequate accounting records in accordance with the provisions of the Act for safeguarding the assets of the Company and for preventing and detecting frauds and other irregularities; selection and application of appropriate accounting policies; making judgments and estimates that are reasonable and prudent; and design, implementation and maintenance of adequate internal financial controls, that were operating effectively for ensuring the accuracy and completeness of the accounting records, relevant to the preparation and presentation of the standalone financial statements that give a true and fair view and are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
In preparing these standalone financial statements, the Management is responsible for assessing the Company's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the Management either intends to liquidate the Company or to cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so. The Board of Directors are also responsible for overseeing the company's financial reporting process.
AUDITOR’S RESPONSIBILTIES FOR THE AUDIT OF THE STANDALONE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the standalone financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor's report that includes our
opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with SAs will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these standalone financial statements.
As part of an audit in accordance with SAs, we exercise professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit. We also:
- Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the Standalone financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.
- Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances. Under section 143(3)(i) of the Act, we are also responsible for expressing our opinion on whether the company has an adequate internal financial controls with reference to standalone financial statements in place and the operating effectiveness of such controls.
- Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by management.
- Conclude on the appropriateness of management's use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditor's report to the related disclosures in the standalone financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor's report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Company to cease to continue as a going concern.
- Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content
of the standalone financial statements, including the disclosures, and whether the standalone financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation.
We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit.
We also provide those charged with governance with a statement that we have complied with relevant ethical requirements regarding independence, and to communicate with them all relationships and other matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and where applicable, related safeguards.
From the matters communicated with those charged with governance, we determine those matters that were of most significance in the audit of the standalone financial statements of the current period and are therefore the key audit matters. We describe these matters in our auditor's report unless law or regulation precludes public disclosure about the matter or when, in extremely rare circumstances, we determine that a matter should not be communicated in our report because the adverse consequences of doing so would reasonably be expected to outweigh the public interest benefits of such communication.
REPORT ON OTHER LEGAL AND REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS
1. As required by the Companies (Auditor's Report) Order, 2020 ("the Order”), issued by the Central Government of India in terms of sub-section (11) of section 143 of the Act, we give in the "Annexure A” a statement on the matters specified in paragraphs 3 and 4 of the Order, to the extent applicable.
2. As required by section 143(3) of the Act, we report that:
a) We have sought and obtained all the information and explanations which to the best of our knowledge and belief were necessary for the purpose of our audit.
b) In our opinion proper books of account as required by law have been kept by the Company so far as it appears from our examination of those books
c) The Standalone Balance Sheet, the Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss and the Standalone Statement of cashflows dealt with by this Report
are in agreement with the books of account.
d) In our opinion, the aforesaid standalone financial statements comply with the Accounting Standards specified under section 133 of the Act, read with the Companies (Accounting standards) Rules 2021.
e) On the basis of the written representations received from the Directors as on March 31, 2025 taken on record by the Board of Directors, none of the directors is disqualified as on March 31, 2025 from being appointed as a director in terms of Section 164 (2) of the Act.
f) With respect to the maintenance of accounts and other matters connected therewith, reference is made to our remarks in paragraph 2 (b) above on reporting under Section 143(3)(b) and paragraph 2(i)(vi) below on reporting under Rule 11(g) of the Companies (Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014 (as amended).
g) With respect to the adequacy of the internal financial controls with reference to standalone financial statements of the Company and the operating effectiveness of such controls, refer to our separate Report in "Annexure B”.
h) With respect to the other matters to be included in the Auditor's Report in accordance with the requirements of section 197(16) of the Act. In our opinion and according to the information and explanations given to us, the remuneration paid by the Company to its directors during the current year is in accordance with the provisions of Section 197 of the Act. The remuneration paid to any director is not in excess of the limit laid down under Section 197 of the Act. The Ministry of Corporate Affairs has not prescribed other details under Section 197(16) of the Act which are required to be commented upon by us.
i) With respect to the other matters to be included in the Auditor's Report in accordance with Rule 11 of the Companies (Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014, in our opinion and to the best of our information and according to the explanations given to us:
i. The Company has disclosed the impact of the pending litigations on its financial position in Standalone financial statements- Refer note 31 to the standalone financial statement.
ii. The Company did not have any long-term contracts, including derivative contracts for
which there were any material foreseeable losses.
iii. There were no amounts which were required to be transferred to the Investor Education and Protection Fund by the Company.
iv. The Management has represented that, to the best of its knowledge and belief.
a) No funds (which are material either individually or in the aggregate) have been advanced or loaned or invested (either from borrowed funds or share premium or any other sources or kind of funds) by the Company to or in any other person or entity, including foreign entity ("Intermediaries”), with the understanding, whether recorded in writing or otherwise, that the Intermediary shall, whether
• Directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Company ("Ultimate Beneficiaries”) or
• Provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries
b) The Management has represented, that, to the best of its knowledge and belief, no funds (which are material either individually or in the aggregate) have been received by the Company from any person or entity, including foreign entity ("Funding Parties”), with the understanding, whether recorded in writing or otherwise, that the Company shall, whether,
• Directly or indirectly, lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Funding Party ("Ultimate Beneficiaries”) or
• Provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries;
c) Based on the audit procedures carried out by us, that have been considered reasonable and appropriate in the circumstances, nothing has come to our notice that has caused us to believe that the representations under sub-clause (i) and (ii) of Rule 11(e), as provided under (a) and (b) above, contain any material misstatement
v. The dividend declared and paid during the year by the Company is in compliance with Section 123 of the Act except 123(4) of the companies act, 2013.
vi. Based on our examination which included test checks, the Company maintains its books of account at the registered office and mining sites at Aruppukottai and Vandavasi. Across these locations, it uses Tally Prime Edit Log and Quarry King (for inventory management and billing), both of which incorporates the audit trail (edit log) feature. This feature remained enabled throughout the year for all relevant transactions recorded in the software. Further, the backups of the audit trails (edit logs) from both the aforementioned software to the extent maintained in prior years, have been preserved by the Company as per the statutory requirements for record retention
For Madhu Balan & Associates
Chartered Accountants FRN: 011106S
T. Sivagurunathan
Partner
Membership No.: 220075 UDIN: 25220075BMRKHL2421
Place: Chennai Date: 23-05-2025
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