The management assessed that cash and cash equivalents and trade receivables approximate their carrying amounts largely due to the short-term maturities of these instruments. The fair value of the financial assets is included at the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties, other than in a forced or liquidation sale.

For financial assets that are measured at fair value, the carrying amounts are equal to the fair values. The fair values of the financial assets included above have been determined in accordance with generally accepted pricing models.

(b) Rights, preferences and restrictions attached to shares

The Company has one class of equity shares having a par value of Rs. 10 per share. Each shareholder is eligible for one vote per share held. The dividend proposed by the Board of Directors is subject to the approval of the shareholders in the ensuing Annual General Meeting, except in case of interim dividend. In the event of liquidation, the equity shareholders are eligible to receive the remaining assets of the Company after distribution of all preferential amounts, in proportion to their shareholding.

As per records of the Company, including its register of shareholders/members, the above shareholding represents both legal and beneficial ownership of shares.

(d) Aggregate number of equity shares issued as bonus, shares issued for consideration other than cash and shares bought back during the period of five years immediately preceding the reporting date:

(i) There are no equity shares issued as bonus and shares issued for consideration other than cash during the period of five years immediately preceding the reporting date

(ii) During the year ended March 31, 2020, the Company has bought back 1,454,541 equity shares of Rs. 10 each.

Nature and purpose of reserves

Security premium represents the amount received in excess of par value of equity shares. Section 52 of Companies Act, 2013 specifies regulation around application of premiums received on issue of shares. Accordingly, the Company has applied securities premium to write off Company's share of expenses incurred on fresh issue of equity shares.

Capital redemption reserve represents the amount of profits transferred from securities premium for the buy back of equity shares. The reserve can be utilised only for limited purposes in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013

Retained earnings are the profits that the Company has earned till date, less dividends or other distributions paid to shareholders. Retained earnings includes re-measurement loss / (gain) on defined benefit plans, net of taxes that will not be reclassified to Statement of Profit and Loss. Retained earnings is a free reserve available to the Company and eligible for distribution to shareholders.

1. The long-term borrowings including current maturities of Rs. 1,050.82 (March 31, 2022: Rs. 487.25) from banks is secured by collateral security against inventories, trade receivables and all other charges on current assets of the present and future current assets of the Company. The Company has not fully drawn the loan facility as at March 31, 2023.

(i) State Bank of India

- Exclusive charge on the entire property, plant and equipment purchased out of the loan facility.

(ii) HDFC Bank Limited

- Exclusive charge on the entire property, plant and equipment purchased out of the loan facility.

(iii) EXIM Bank

- Exclusive charge on the entire property, plant and equipment purchased out of the loan facility.

2. Cash credit and export packing credit facility (USD) aggregating to Rs. 377.11 (March 31, 2022 : Rs. 471.68) is secured against inventories, trade receivables, and all other charges on current assets of the present and future current assets of the Company. Further the borrowing is secured by collateral security on the certain land and building of the Company.

The cash credit facility is repayable on demand and carries interest @ 5.50% to 8.40% p.a. (March 31, 2022 : 7.90% to 8.85% p.a.). The export packing credit in USD carries interest @ 2.53% to 5.50% p.a. (March 31, 2022: 1.59% to 2.34% p.a.).

The management assessed that trade payables, short-term borrowings and other financial liabilities approximate their carrying amounts largely due to the short-term maturities of these instruments. The fair value of the financial liabilities included above is at the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties, other than in a forced or liquidation sale.

The performance obligation is satisfied when control of the goods are transferred to the customers based on the contractual terms. Payment terms with customers vary depending upon the contractual terms of each contract.

Trade receivables and retention money are non-interest bearing. Refer note 10 for details on expected credit loss.

Unbilled revenue are initially recognised for revenue earned from transfer of goods and services but not billed to customer because the work completed has to meet requirements of various milestones as set out in the contract with customers. Upon fulfilling the milestones and acceptance by the customer, the amounts recognised as contract assets are reclassified to trade receivables.

Advance from customers pertain to balance received as advance from various parties as certain percentage of the order value. The same will be adjusted against the order on the basis of delivery and collection of receivables.

There is no difference in the contract price negotiated and the revenue recognised in the statement of profit and loss. There is no significant revenue recognised in the current year from performance obligations satisfied in previous years.

(iii) Amounts included in contract liabilities at the beginning of the period recognised as revenue in the current period of Rs. 185.59 (March 31, 2022: Rs. 347.76). Generally the advance from customers are settled over a period of 1 to 3 years.

30. Employment benefit plans I. Defined benefits plan

The Employees' Gratuity Fund Scheme managed by a trust is a defined benefit gratuity plan which is administered through gratuity scheme with Life Insurance Corporation of India. Every employee who has completed five years or more of service gets gratuity, on retirement/termination, at 15 days last drawn salary for each completed year of service subject to a maximum of Rs. 2.00. The following tables summarise the components of net benefit expense recognised in the statement of profit and loss and the funded status and amounts recognised in the balance sheet for gratuity benefit.

II. Defined contribution plans

The Company made provident fund and other funds contributions to defined contribution plans for qualifying employees. Under the Schemes, the Company is required to contribute a specified percentage of the payroll costs to fund the benefits. The Company recognised Rs. 31.43 (March 31, 2022: Rs. 27.32) for provident fund contributions in the statement of profit and loss. The contributions payable to these plans by the Company are at rates specified in the rules of the schemes.

32. Commitments and contingencies

a. Commitments

Estimated amount of contracts (net of advances) remaining to be executed on capital account and not provided for:

Rs. 549.16 (March 31, 2022: Rs. 659.16).

b. Contingent liabilities

Claims against the Company not acknowledged as debts (excluding interest arrears) is amounting to Rs. 22.67 for March 31, 2022 (March 31, 2022: Rs. 22.67)

33. Significant accounting judgements, estimates and assumptions

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with the recognition and measurement principles of Ind AS requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported balances of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and the acCompanying disclosures, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities affected in future periods. There are no significant areas involving a high degree of judgement or complexity.

Estimates and assumptions

The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next period, are described below. The Group based its assumptions and estimates on parameters available when the financial statements were prepared. Existing circumstances and assumptions about future developments, however, may change due to market changes or circumstances arising that are beyond the control of the Company. Such changes are reflected in the assumptions when they occur.

i. Defined benefit plans (gratuity benefits)

The cost of the defined benefit gratuity plan and the present value of the gratuity obligation are determined using actuarial valuations. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future salary increases and mortality rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date. The parameter most subject to change is the discount rate. In determining the appropriate discount rate for plans operated in India, the management considers the interest rates of government bonds.

The mortality rate is based on publicly available mortality tables. Those mortality tables tend to change only at interval in response to demographic changes. Rate of increase in compensation are based on expected future inflation. Further details about gratuity obligations are given in note 30.

ii. Depreciation of property, plant and equipment and amortization of Intangible assets

Depreciation of property, plant and equipment and amortization of intangible assets is calculated on a straight-line basis using the rates arrived at based on the useful lives and residual values as estimated by the management. The management believes that depreciation and amortization rates currently used fairly reflect its estimate of the useful lives and residual values of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets.

34. Financial risk management objectives and policies

The Company's principal financial liabilities comprise loans and borrowings, trade and other payables. The main purpose of these financial liabilities is to finance the Company's operations. The Company's principal financial assets include trade receivables, other financial assets, cash and cash equivalent and balance at bank other than cash and cash equivalent. The Company is exposed to credit risk, market risk and liquidity risk. The Company has a risk management policy and its management is supported by a risk management committee that advices on risk and appropriate financial risk governance framework for the Company. The risk management committee provides assurance to the Company's management that the risk activities are governed by appropriate policies and procedures and that risks are identified, measured and managed in accordance with the Company's policies and risk objectives. The Board of Directors reviews and agrees policies for managing each of these risks.

A. Credit risk

Credit risk is the risk that counterparty will not meet its obligations under a financial instrument or customer contract, leading to a financial loss. The Company is exposed to credit risk from its operating activities (primarily trade receivables), cash and cash equivalent, balance at bank other than cash and cash equivalent and other financial assets. The Company deals with parties which has good credit rating /worthiness given by external rating agencies or based on Company's internal assessment. The major customers are usually the Government parties and export customers with high credit worthiness.

Exposure to credit risk

The Company's exposure to credit risk is influenced mainly by the individual characteristics of each customer and the carrying amount of financial assets represents the maximum credit exposure. The maximum exposure to credit risk was (i) Rs. 2,126.10 (March 31, 2022: Rs. 1,393.73) being the total of the carrying amount of balances with trade receivables (including retention money and unbilled revenue) (ii) cash and cash equivalent (excluding cash on hand), balance at bank other than cash and cash equivalent, non-current bank balances and interest accrued of Rs. 314.18 (March 31, 2022: Rs. 677.27) and (iii) other financial assets of Rs. 21.97 (March 31, 2022: Rs. 46.90).

The measurement of impaired credit for carrying amount of the above financial assets is ascertained using the expected credit loss model (ECL) approach. Credit risk is managed through continuously monitoring the creditworthiness of customers. The Company is considerate of the fact the majority of the collection is receivable from export customers with high credit worthiness or the government companies where there are no significant risk of bad debts. The customers of the Company have a defined period for payment of receivables, hence the Company evaluates the concentration of risk with respect to trade receivables as low. The total amount receivable from top 2 customers is Rs. 1,829.43 for March 31, 2022 (March 31, 2022: Rs. 999.57).

The cash and cash equivalent (excluding cash on hand), balance at bank other than cash and cash equivalent, non-current bank balances and interest accrued of Rs. 314.18 (March 31, 2022: Rs. 677.27) are held with banks having good credit rating

B. Liquidity risk

The Company's objective is to maintain a balance between continuity of funding and flexibility through the use of bank deposits and loans.

The table below summarises the maturity profile of the Company's financial liabilities based on contractual undiscounted payments (including interest payments):

C. Market risk

Market risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market prices. Market risk comprises two types of risk: interest rate risk and foreign currency risk. The sensitivity analysis has been included in the below disclosures.

Foreign currency exchange rate risk

The fluctuation in foreign currency exchange rates may have potential impact on the statement of profit and loss. The risks primarily relate to fluctuations in US Dollar (USD) as against the functional currency of the Company. The Company evaluates the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations by assessing its exposure to exchange rate risks.

Interest rate risk

Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates. The Company is exposed to interest rate risk because certain funds are borrowed at floating interest rates. Interest rate risk is measured by using the cash flow sensitivity for changes in variable interest rate. The borrowings of the Company are principally denominated in rupees and US dollars with a mix of fixed and floating rates of interest. The Company has exposure to interest rate risk, arising principally on changes in base lending rate and LIBOR rates. The risk is managed by the Company by maintaining an appropriate mix between fixed and floating rate borrowings.

If interest rates had been 100 basis points (1%) higher / lower and all other variables were held constant, the Company's profit for the year end ended March 31, 2023 would decrease / increase by Rs. 14.28 (March 31, 2022: Rs. 9.59).

35. Capital management

For the purpose of the Company's capital management, capital includes issued equity capital and other equity reserves attributable to the equity holders of the Company. The primary objective of the Company's capital management is to maximise the shareholder value.

The Company manages its capital structure and makes adjustments in light of changes in economic conditions and the requirements of the financial covenants. To maintain or adjust the capital structure, the Company may adjust the dividend payment to shareholders, return capital to shareholders or issue new shares. The Company monitors capital using a gearing ratio, which is net debt divided by total capital plus net debt. The Company's policy is to keep the gearing ratio to an acceptable level. The Company includes within net debt, interest bearing loans and borrowings, less cash and cash equivalents excluding balance with monitoring agency account. In order to achieve this overall objective, the Company's capital management, amongst other things, aims to ensure that it meets financial covenants attached to the interest-bearing borrowings that define capital structure requirements. Breaches in meeting the financial covenants would permit the bank to immediately call loans and borrowings. There have been no breaches in the financial covenants of any interest-bearing borrowing in the current year.

37. Fair values

There are no significant financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value through profit or loss except for Investment in units of mutual fund [refer note 4(c)] which has been valued using Level 1 valuation method as described in note 2(i).

The fair value of the financial assets and liabilities measured at amortised cost approximates their carrying amounts as at the balance sheet date. (refer breakup of financial assets carried at fair value through profit or loss and breakup of financial liabilities carried at amortised cost).

38. Segment Reporting

The chief operating officer / chief executive officer of the Company takes decision in respect of allocation of resources and assesses the performance basis the report / information provided by functional heads and are thus considered to be Chief Operating Decision Maker.

Based on the Company's business model, manufacturing high precision and heavy equipment, components, machines have been considered as a single business segment for the purpose of making decision on allocation of resources and assessing its performance. Accordingly, there are no separate reportable segments in accordance with the requirements of Ind AS 108 'Operating segment' and hence, there are no additional disclosures to be provided other than those already provided in the financial statements. The information relating to revenue from external customers and location of non-current assets of its single reportable segment has been disclosed as below.

The geographic information analyses the Company's revenues and non-current assets by the country of domicile and other countries. In presenting geographic information, segment revenue has been based on the location of the customer and segment assets are based on geographical location of the assets.

41. Other statutory information

i) The Company does not have any Benami property, where any proceeding has been initiated or pending against the Company for holding any Benami property.

ii) The title deeds of all the immovable properties disclosed in the financial statements are held in the name of the Company

iii) The Company does not have any charges or satisfaction which is yet to be registered with ROC beyond the statutory period.

iv) The Company does not have any transactions with the companies struck off.

v) The Company has not traded or invested in crypto currency or virtual currency during the financial year.

vi) During the current year, the borrowed funds were utilised for the purpose which they were obtained and as per the terms specified in the sanction letter.

vii) The Company has not advanced or loaned or invested funds to any other person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities (Intermediaries) with the understanding that the Intermediary shall:

(a) directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Company (Ultimate Beneficiaries) or

viii) The Company has not received any fund from any person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities (Funding Party) with the understanding (whether recorded in writing or otherwise) that the Company shall:

(a) directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Funding Party (Ultimate Beneficiaries) or

ix) The Company has borrowings from banks on the basis of security of current assets and the quarterly returns and statements of current assets filed by the Company with banks are in agreement with the books of accounts.

x) The Company has not been declared wilful defaulter by any bank or financial institution or government or any government authority

xi) The Company has not any such transaction which is not recorded in the books of accounts that has been surrendered or disclosed as income during the year in the tax assessments under the Income Tax Act, 1961 (such as, search or survey or any other relevant provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961

42. Subsequent event

No significant subsequent events have been observed till May 17, 2023 which may require any additional disclosure or an adjustment to the standalone financial statements.